考点9 阅读理解(热点话题类)-【创新大课堂】高考英语五年（2022-2026年）真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点九 阅读理解（热点话题类） 题组一 Passage1(2025·全国Ⅱ卷，10分) garbage.Instead,all the ingredients (used Does your soul die a little every time you were examples of meat cuts and produce that throw away unused food?Mine does.Maybe that most restaurants would never consider serving. T feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet where the phrase 'there are children starving in potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re- Africa'was more of an uncomfortable reminder of appropriated and,with the help of a number of fact than a prayer at dinner time. 、 good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine. Food waste is a growing concern in the Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries. p was designed from the start as a short-lived From technological solutions to educational experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking regular menu. Nevertheless,it serves as a for ways to use more of what we're already reminder that there are many ways to address growing.But last month,one popular New York problems of sustainability,and that you can make City restaurant tried a different way:It changed an amazing meal out of almost anything. 量 its menu to exclusively(专门)offer food that 1.What can be inferred about the author's early would otherwise be thrown away. life? 敬 For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village's A.He witnessed food shortage. Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. 须1 served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp C.He donated food to Africans. 烂 burger,and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness D.He helped to cook at home. regarding food waste. 2.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined: A.To customize dishes for guests. 抵 that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of B.To make the public aware of food waste. food waste for every$l,000 in revenue(收入)，and of C.To test a food processing method. 郑 that waste only 15.7%is donated or recycled.Up to D.To improve the UK's zero-waste systems. 84.3%is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in 3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about? the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, A.Why the ingredients were used. 用 but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. B.Which dishes were best liked. It should be noted that none of the items on C.What the dishes were made of. wastED's menu was technically made from D.Where the ingredients were bought. 57 4.What can we learn about wastED? this theory,people approach digital texts with a A.It has ended as planned. mindset suited to social media,which are often B.It is creating new jobs. not so serious,and devote less mental effort than C.It has regained popularity. when they are reading print. D.It is criticized by top chefs. Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging Passage2(2024·新课标I卷，10分) than text,and so university teachers increasingly Is comprehension the same whether a person turn to these technologies-say,assigning an reads a text onscreen or on paper?And are online talk instead of an article by the same person. listening to and viewing content as effective as However,psychologists have demonstrated that reading the written word when covering the same when adults read news stories,they remember material?The answers to both questions are often more of the content than if they listen to or view "no."The reasons relate to a variety of factors, identical pieces. Digital texts,audio and video all have educational including reduced concentration,an entertainment roles,especially when providing resources not available mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while in print.However,for maximizing learning where consuming digital content. mental focus and reflection are called for,educators When reading texts of several hundred words shouldn't assume all media are the same,even or more,learning is generally more successful when they contain identical words. when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount 1.What does the underlined phrase "shine through" of research confirms this finding.The benefits of in Paragraph 2 mean? print reading particularly shine through when A.Seem unlikely to last. experimenters move from posing simple tasks- B.Seem hard to explain. like identifying the main idea in a reading passage C.Become ready to use. -to ones that require mental abstraction -such D.Become easy to notice. as drawing inferences from a text. 2.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? The differences between print and digital A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. reading results are partly related to paper's B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. physical properties.With paper,there is a literal C.People select digital texts randomly. laying on of hands,along with the visual D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. geography of distinct pages.People often link3.Why are audio and video increasingly used by their memory of what they've read to how far into university teachers? the book it was or where it was on the page. A.They can hold students'attention. But equally important is the mental aspect. B.They are more convenient to prepare. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called C.They help develop advanced skills. “shallowing hypothesis(假说).”According to D.They are more informative than text. 58 4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? He makes philosophical thought an appealing ex- A.Students should apply multiple learning tech-ercise that improves the quality of our experiences,and niques. he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into B.Teachers should produce their own teaching ma-conversation with some of the most important philoso- terial. phers in history,and he becomes part of that crowd in C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in ed-:the process by decoding (their messages and ucation. adding his own interpretation. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be The Socrates Express is a fun,sharp book ignored. that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity Passage3(2023·全国甲卷，8分) and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy desire,loneliness,and aging.The invitation is of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World.It was full:clear:Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea of ideas that were new to me,so I spent the sum-and sit down with this book.I encourage you to mer with my head in and out of that book.It take his offer.It's worth your time,even if time spoke to me and brought me into a world of phi-is something we don't have a lot of. losophy(哲学). 1.Who opened the door to philosophy for the au- That love for philosophy lasted until I got to thor? college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy fas- A.Foucault B.Eric Weiner. ter than people who think they understand Fou-: C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher. cault,Baudrillard,or Confucius better than you 2.Why does the author list great philosophers in -and then try to explain them. Paragraph 4? Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express:In A.To compare Weiner with them. Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers B.To give examples of great works. reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an C.To praise their writing skills. explanation,but an invitation to think and expe- D.To help readers understand Weiner's book rience philosophy. 3.What does the author like about The Socrates Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a Express? train ride between cities and then frames each A.Its views on history are well-presented. philosopher's work in the context(背景)of one B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life. thing they can help us do better.The end result is C.It includes comments from readers. a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, D.It leaves an open ending. see like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and 4.What does the author think of Weiner's book? have no regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a A.Objective and plain. book about understanding philosophy,is a book B.Daring and ambitious. about learning to use philosophy to improve a C.Serious and hard to follow. life. D.Humorous and straightforward. 59 Passage4(2022·新高考I卷，8分) thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the Human speech contains more than 2,000 languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. different sounds,from the common“m”and“a” This research overturns the popular view to the rare clicks of some southern African that all human speech sounds were present when languages.But why are certain sounds more human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. common than others?A ground-breaking,five-"The set of speech sounds we use has not year study shows that diet-related changes in necessarily remained stable since the appearance human bite led to new speech sounds that are of human beings,but rather the huge variety of now found in half the world's languages. speech sounds that we find today is the product of More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles a complex interplay of things like biological Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,change and cultural evolution,"said Steven such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the Moran,a member of the research team. languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team 1.Which aspect of the human speech sound does of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Damian Blasi's research focus on? Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend A.Its variety. B.Its distribution. arose. C.Its quantity. D.Its development. They discovered that the upper and lower:2.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned to produce labiodentals? (对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals, A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. which are formed by touching the lower lip to the B.They could not open and close their lips easily. upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured. overbite structure(结构)，making it easier to D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough. produce such sounds. 3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? The team showed that this change in bite A.Supporting evidence for the research results. was connected with the development of: B.Potential application of the research findings. agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became C.A further explanation of the research methods. easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be 4.What does Steven Moran say about the set of so large. human speech sounds? Analyses of a language database also confirmed A.It is key to effective communication. that there was a global change in the sound of world B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of "f" C.It is a complex and dynamic system. and "v"increasing remarkably during the last few D.It drives the evolution of human beings. 60 题组二 Passage(2024·浙江卷1月，10分) from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,"Dr.Doswell On September 7,1991,the costliest says."Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce hailstorm (in Canadian history hit moisture downwind?No one really knows,of course, Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result,since but the sceding goes on." 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent Given the degree of doubt,Mr.Stienwand T about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail:suggests,"it would be wise to stop cloud Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening seeding."In practice,doubt has had the opposite storm cells with a chemical to make small ice effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof 園 crystals fall as rain before they can grow into concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding Alberta-downwind of the hail project flights-companies.Hence,private climate engineering p worry that precious moisture (is being can proceed in relative legal safety. stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud 1.What does the project aim to do? seeding. A.Conserve moisture in the soil. Norman Stienwand,who farms in that area, B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. has been addressing public meetings on this issue C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. 量 for years."Basically,the provincial government D.Investigate chemical use in farming. is letting the insurance companies protect the 2.Who are opposed to the project? Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,"Mr. A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. Stienwand says,"but they're increasing drought B.Managers of insurance companies. risk as far east as Saskatchewan. C.Provincial government officials. 输 The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 烂 Krauss,a cloud physicist who works for Weather 3.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes Modification Inc.of Fargo,North Dakota."We he saw in 1999? affect only a very small percentage of the total A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. 抵 moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. 蝶 drought,.”Dr.Krauss says.“In fact,we may be C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 郑 helping increase the moisture downwind by D.To show the link between storms and moisture. creating wetter ground." 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. 出 Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. from the University of Oklahoma."In 1999,I C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风)form: D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 61 题组三 Passage(2023·浙江1月，10分) pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. According to the Solar Energy Industries Conservation organizations put out pollinator- Association,the number of solar panels installed friendliness guidelines for home gardens,busi- ()has grown rapidly in the past decade,and nesses,schools,cities-and now there are guide- it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.lines for solar farms. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, Over the past few years,many solar farm and though more and more people accept the developers have transformed the space under concept of solar energy,few like large solar their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds panels to be installed near them. of pollinators,resulting in soil improvement and Solar developers want to put up panels as carbon reduction."These pollinator-friendly solar quickly and cheaply as possible,so they haven't farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's given much thought to what they put under going on in the landscape,"says Macknick. them.Often,they'll end up filling the area with 1.What do solar developers often ignore? small stones and using chemicals to control A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. weeds.The result is that many communities,es- B.The negative impact of installing solar panels. pecially in farming regions,see solar farms as de- C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. stroyers of the soil. D.The most recent advances in solar technology. "Solar projects need to be good neighbors,"2.What does InSPIRE aim to do? says Jordan Macknick,the head of the Innovative A.Improve the productivity of local farms. Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds. Environment(InSPIRE)project."They need to be C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. protectors of the land and contribute to the D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. agricultural economy."InSPIRE is investigating3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in practical approaches to“low-impact”solar Paragraph 4? development,which focuses on establishing and A.To conserve pollinators. operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to B.To restrict solar development. the land.One of the easiest low-impact solar C.To diversify the economy. strategies is providing habitat for pollinators D.To ensure the supply of energy. 粉昆虫). 4.Which of the following is the best title for the Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate text? change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator A.Pollinators:To Leave or to Stay populations over the past couple of decades, B.Solar Energy:Hope for the Future which has damaged the U.S.agricultural econo-: C.InSPIRE:A Leader in Agriculture my.Over 28 states have passed laws related to D.Solar Farms:A New Development 624.A[推断根据最后一段中Luna的话“the system is in- novative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redi- rected to specific local uses'”可知，Luna认为这一系统创造 性地使用回收能量。B项“它提高工人效率”；C项“它优先 考虑列车安全”；D项“它为当地人创造就业机会”。innova- tive十recycled energy+be redirected可以转换为uses re claimed energy creatively Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与社会一研究发现一识别 评论的真伪 文章大意：文章围绕一项关于虚假评论的研究展开，具体探 讨了消费者对正负评论的信任倾向、影响评论可信度的关键 因素，以及人工智能撰写虚假评论给甄别工作带来的挑战。 1.A[理解段落主旨要义第二段详细描述了研究使用的 数据集(1600条芝加哥酒店评论)、实验对象(400名受试 者)、评论分配方式（每人8条评论，真、假、正、负评论各2 条，随机排列)以及评论的撰写人，这些均属于研究设计的 范畴，故选A。] 2.D[理解词汇画线词所在句是由and连接的两个并列 分句，前一个分句讲一篇冗长的正面评论被认为是可疑 的，后一个分句表示参与者往往更信任那些撰写简短 glowing评论的评论者。由此可推知，画线词与前一个分 句中的positive意思相近，故选D。funny'“好笑的”；abu sive“漫骂的”；insightful“富有洞察力的”；praising“赞扬 的”。] 3.B[理解具体信息第三段的“The results show that con- sumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones”表明，消费者通常更信任负面评论，而非正面评论；第 四段的“A long,negative review of a hotel.,,tended to con vince participants”表明，一篇篇幅长且包含大量信息的酒 店负面评论往往能说服参与者；第四段尾句“The more dis- passionate that negative write-up,the more likely it was to take the reader in”表明，一篇负面评论的语气越冷静，就越 容易让读者信服。由此可知，不带感情色彩的负面评论最 容易让读者信任，故选B。] 4.D[推断最后一段的“increasingly,fake reviews are be ing written by Al,.which makes them look more real”表明， 越来越多的虚假评论正由人工智能生成，这使得它们看起 来更加真实。该段的“our limited ability to spot fake re- views”表明，人类识别虚假评论的能力有限。由此可推知， 因为人工智能技术的介入和人类识别能力的局限，未来辨 别虚假评论将会变得更加困难，故选D。] Passage 3 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一人与动物 理解猫的生活习性 文章大意：本文介绍了猫的生活习性，它们的叫声特别，能与 人类交流，嗅觉敏锐，能识别主人，许多猫会将在外面找到的 物品带给主人表达爱意。 1.A[理解具体信息读题本题问“从第一段中可以学到 关于猫的喵喵叫的什么信息？”。A项“它是一种生存技 能”；B项“它是猫妈妈教的”；C项“它很难解释”：D项“随 着年龄的增长，叫声越来越大”。 解题根据第一段中的“They are able to have entire con- versations with humans using meows...a pet cat is hun- gry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food" “Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat..,be fed"可知，用 喵喵叫和人对话。如果一只宠物猫饿了，它会不停地喵喵 叫以吸引注意力并找到食物。喵喵叫从小猫一出生就开 始了，小猫用它来吸引猫妈妈的注意并被喂食。由此可 知，喵喵叫是猫的生存技能。] 13 2.C[推断根据第二段的“They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger... looking for familiar smells”可知，猫用鼻子评估环境并留心 任何危险迹象。它们能够区分不同环境的另一种方法是 寻找熟悉的气味。由此可推断，猫通过检查气味来评估不 同的环境。故选C。] 3.D[理解词汇画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的 取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行为，它们会将在外面 找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意，故画线短语 所在部分表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物 方面做得更好。D项可以解释画线短语含义。] 4,B「理解文章主旨要义阅读文章可知，第一段介绍了猫 的惊人的发声技能，第二段介绍了猫的嗅觉敏锐，能够区 分不同的环境，第三段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习 惯，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。B项“理解猫的行为” 概括了文章内容，适合作标题。] 考点九阅读理解（热点话题类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会—一社会现象 用食物边角料制作美味 文章大意：本文主要讲迷了纽约的一家餐厅Blue Hill为了提 高人们对食物浪费的意识，通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳 肴，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念，为 解决可持续发展问题提供了一个参考。 l.A[推断根据题千中的“the author's early life'”可以定 位到第一段中的“growing up in South Africa'”。根据第一 段中的“the phrase‘there are children starving in Africa' was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a pray- er at dinner time'”可知，作者在南非长大，在那里“非洲有孩 子在挨饿”这句话与其说是在晚餐时的祷告，不如说是一 种提醒，使人想起令人不安的事实。据此可以推断，作者 小时候亲眼见证过食物短缺。故A项正确。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据题千中的Blue Hill可以定位到 第三段。根据第三段中的“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste”可知，Blue Hill进行 这项实验的目的是提高人们关于食物浪费的意识，故B项 正确。] 3.C[理解段落主旨要义根据第五段中的“none of the i- tems on wastED's menu was technically made from gar- bage”可知，wastED菜单上的东西不是由废料制作的：再由 下文中的“all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts...turned into excellent cuisine”可知，使用的所有配料都是大多数餐厅决不会考虑 提供的肉块和农产品，这些食材经过重新利用并在一些优 秀厨师的帮助下被转化为美味佳肴。由此可知，本段主要 讲述的是wastED菜单上的菜肴是由什么制成的。故C 项能够概括段落大意。] 4,A[推断根据最后一段中的“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu'”可知，尽管wastED收到了热情的评论，但这 从一开始设计的就是一个短暂的实验，而Blue Hill在实验 结束后又回到了它的常规菜单。据此可以推断，wastED 按原定计划实施完毕。故A项正确。] Passage 2 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会一科学与技术 一学习媒介的选择 文章大意：本文探讨了有纸化学习与无纸化学习的区别，并 提出用纸质书籍更容易让人投入、专心学，而电子书籍更容 易使人分心，故阅读印刷品比阅读电子书籍记得更多。 2 核心素养：本文通过强调不同的学习方式，引起人们对科技 改变生活的思考，促使学生对新生事物尤其是科技新时代产生 的新问题形成自己的观，点，从而促进学生思雏品质的提升。 l.D[理解词汇读题题千问“第二段中画线短语shine through是什么意思”。A项“似乎不太可能长久”；B项“似 乎难以解释”；C项“准备好使用”；D项“变得容易被注意 到”。 解题本段第一句谈到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时， 有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功，接着谈到大量的 研究证实了这一发现。故画线短语所在部分应该是指从 提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，这种有纸化 阅读的好处尤其明显，也就是说很容易被注意到，答案 为D。 2.A[理解具体信息读题题千问“‘浅化假说’假定了什 么”。A项“读者轻率对待电子文本”；B项“电子文本更容 易理解”：C项“人们随机选择电子文本”：D项“电子文本适 用于社交媒体”。 解题根据题千中的shallowing hypothesis可以将答案定 位在第四段中。根据第四段中的“which are often not so serious”以及“devote less mental effort”可知，在对待电子 文本的时候，读者通常不是很严肃，同时比阅读纸质文本时投 入的精力要少，即读者对电子文本不是很重视，答案为A。] 3.A[理解具体信息读题题千问“为什么音频和视频越 来越多地被大学教师使用”。A项“它们可以吸引学生的 注意力”；B项“它们准备起来更方便”：C项“它们帮助培养 先进技能”；D项“它们比文本提供更多信息”。 解题根据题干可将解题信息定位在第五段。本段第一 句谈到音频和视频比文字更吸引人，所以大学教师越来越 多地改用这些技术，故选A。 4.C「推断最后一段首先谈到电子文本、音频和视频都具 有教育作用，特别是在提供纸质文本无法提供的资源时。 “However”后提到为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和 反思的学习，教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的，即 使它们包含相同的词汇。这与倒数第二段最后一句中的 信息意思一致：当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们比听或看 相同的片段能记住更多内容，也就是说有纸化学习在教育 中是不能完全被取代的，答案为C。A项“学生们应该应用 多种学习技巧”：B项“教师应制作自己的教材”：C项“纸质 文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的”：D项“课堂外的教育 不容忽视”。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文重点介绍了哲学著 作《苏格拉底快车》，该书语言幽默，陈述直白，却能让读者深 刻思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独等哲学问题。 l.C[根据第一段的“an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World”和第一段尾句“It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学)”可知， Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的 世界。故Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了哲学大门。 2.D[通读第四段，特别是该段尾句“This,more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life”可知，在列举 了几位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于 理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生 活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为 了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。] 3.BL根据最后一段的“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplici- ty and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, 1 loneliness,and aging”可知，《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而 尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他 们带入对欲望，孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识 可以推知，《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中， 故B项正确。」 4.D[根据第五段的“he does so with plenty of humor”可 知，该书充满了幽默；根据尾段第一句“The Socrates Ex- press is a fun,sharp book that draws readers in with its ap- parent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire,loneliness,and aging”可知，《苏格拉底 快车》因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入 对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知， Weiner的书幽默且易懂，故D项正确。] Passage 4 【语篇解读】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食 的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“More than30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as 'f'and 'v',were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend a- rose.(30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇 齿音的语音，如‘'和‘v’,在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常 见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研 究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。)”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。] 2,C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labioden tals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the up- per teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构)，making it easier to produce such sounds,(他们发 现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇 齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我 们的下颚变成了鞭盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声 音。)”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出 唇齿音。故选C。] 3.A[主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a lan guage database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of 'f'and'v'increasing remarkably dur- ing the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people to- day.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世 界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，” 和“ⅴ’的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者 的语言中仍然没有发现。)”可知，第五段主要是通过列明 数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。」 4,C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“：The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a com- plex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,'said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Moran说：‘自从人类出现以 来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各 种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂的、相互作用的产 物。')”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系 统。故选C。] 3 题组二 Passage 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一灾害防范 防雹干预计划之争 文章大意：本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹千预计划， 以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 l.B[理解具体信息题千中的“the project'”指的就是第一 段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Project'”,因此根 据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones”可知，飞机通过向有威 胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险 的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知，这一计划旨在防止 冰雹的形成，故选B项。A项“保存土壤水分”：C项“预报 灾难性雹暴”；D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。] 2.A[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta...worry that precious moisture() is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding" 可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们千早土 地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划 的，故选A项。 3.C[理解目的根据第四段中的“()ne doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell'”可知，Doswell博 士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年亲眼 目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的 重大龙卷风。随后他文提出疑问“Does cloud seeding cre- ate killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?”,怀疑播云 会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断 出，Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表 明播云存在可能的风险，故选C项。A项“为了比较不同 的播撒方式”：B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”：C项“为了表 明播云可能存在的风险”：D项“为了说明风暴和水分之间 的关系”。] 4.D[推断根据最后一段最后一句“Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety”可知，私营 的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行 下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去，故选D项。A项 “科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”；B项“私营的气候工 程公司在加拿大是非法的”：C项“关于播云的疑虑已经消 失了”；D项“播云公司会继续存在下去”。] 题组三 Passage 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着太阳能的普及，越来 越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区，这不可避免地给环 境，尤其是农业环境，带来消极影响。 1.B「根据第二段内容可知，太阳能开发者们往往想要尽快 安装更多的太阳能电池板，所以他们不太考虑如何处理电 池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石，而且用除 草剂除草，这给环境带来了破坏。所以B项“安装太阳能 电池板的消极影响”符合题意。」 2.C[根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating..to the land”可知，InSPIRE项目正在寻求一种对环境影响小的发 展太阳能的方式，力求做到“对土地友好”。所以C项“使 太阳能项目环保”符合题意。] 3.A[本题问“第四段中提到的法律的目的是什么？”。根据 第四段第二句可知，有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖 息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律，所以A项“保护传粉 昆虫”符合题意。] 4.D[文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题：太阳能电 池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了 -13 解决方案：建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第 四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影 响。所以纵观全文，关键词应该是solar farms,所以D项 是最佳选项。] 专题二阅读理解七选五 考点十阅读理解七选五 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一家庭活动与志 愿服务—一家庭志愿服务的意外益处 语境概述：文章介绍了家庭志愿服务的意外益处，包括让人 感觉时间更充裕、对成年人的健康有益、对青少年有终身积 极影响及增进家庭互动等。 1,B[细节支撑句。空前以两个提问引出家庭共同活动的 需求（寻找使家庭成员凝聚在一起的方式和成员的共同爱 好)。空后指出志愿服务对家庭有意外的积极影响。选项 B“家庭志愿服务可能正是你需要的”直接回应上文提问， 引出下文的志愿服务对家庭的益处，并形成“提问一建议 一展开”的逻辑链。 2.G[段尾总结句。本段主要介绍“你会感觉时间更充裕” 这一益处。上文提到“人们总是觉得太忙而无法进行志愿 服务，但研究发现将时间奉献给社区事业实际上让人感觉 时间更多”。选项G“志愿服务让你感到有能力，并激励你 充分利用每一天”解释了“时间充裕感”的原因，与上文中 的研究发现构成因果关系，符合语境。] 3.E[段落主旨句。空后以华盛顿大学研究为例，说明55 岁及以上的志愿者比相同年龄的其他人记忆力更好、整体 健康雏持更久。选项E“对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来 显著的身体健康益处”作为段落主旨句，概括下文研究结 论，符合语境。选项E中的“adults”“physical health bene fits”与下文“adults55 and older'"“had better memory and maintained overall health longer'”呼应。] 4.C[段落小标题。空处对应段落指出志愿服务对青少年 的积极影响（提升成绩、增强自信、影响未来幸福感）。选 项C“志愿服务对儿童和青少年有终身影响”既，点明本段 对象(kids and teenagers),又与下文“These effects aren't just short-term but..in the years to come”呼应。] 5.F[细节支撑句。空前提到一起做志愿活动的家庭会有 为共同目标而奋斗的独特体验。空后指出“每个人都有独 特的贡献价值，并以一种新的方式与彼此建立联系”。选 项F“你甚至可能发现孩子有你以前不知道的天赋”是“独 特体验”的具体表现，承接上文，并呼应下文提到的每个人 的独特贡献价值。 Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我一生活与学习 —一词典的使用 语境概述：本文主要介绍了作者对于写作中拼写和词典使用 的看法及自身的相关习惯等。 l.F[根据上文中的“If you want to be published,it's vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript( 稿)（如果你想发表作品，提交一份完美的、专业呈现的手 稿是至关重要的)”可知，此处会讲到完美的、专业呈现的 手稿是什么样子的，选项F“那意味着语法不错并且没有拼 写错误”符合语境。所以选F。] 2.B[根据上文中的“Idon't trust my laptop's spellchecker (我不信任我笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序)”可知，此处会 讲到不信任的原因，选项B“它不考虑上下文”符合语境。 所以选B。]