专题一·考点五 阅读理解(生态环保类)-【创新大课堂】2026年高考英语五年真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点五 阅读理解（生态环保类）》 题组一 Passage1(2025·全国I卷，7.5分) This energy transition(变革)is global,and The greening of planes,trains and automobiles the amount of renewable energy the world will Moving goods and people around the world is need is "a little bit mind-blowing,says responsible for a large part of global CO2mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National emissions ()As the world races to Renewable Energy Laboratory.It's estimated that decarbonize everything,it faces particular the global demand for electricity could more than problems with transportation-which accounts double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses suggest for about a quarter of our energy-related that renewables are up to the task."We need to greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown speed up the development of green energy,and it of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of will all get used,"says Wipke. transport. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions SHIPPING OTHER did road vehicles account for in 2018? ROAD VEHICLES 10.6% 2.2% A.11.6%. B.45.1%. ROAD 20 C.74.5% D.86.1%. AIRPLANES RAIL 2.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively 11.6% 1% easily? The fuels for transport need to be not just A.Planes. B.Trucks. green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight C.Trains. D.Ships. and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode 3.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transi- of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is tion? still to be settled,but here are some of the A.Limiting fuel consumption. solutions to get us going green. B.Putting more effort into renewables. CARS-Batteries C.Improving energy efficiency. PLANES-Synthetic hydrocarbons Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation into existing systems and D.Making electricity more affordable. One long-term option for sustainable fuel services.New solid-state for planes is to make hydrocarbons from batteries will take a car farther Passage2(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，10分) recycled air. on a single charge. We all know fresh is best when it comes to FUTURE FUELS food.However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of TRAINS-Electricity TRUCKS- SHIPS-Liquid ammonia Some trains are already Hydrogen fuel cells Liquid ammonia is easy to keep miles before reaching the table.While farmer's electrified through rails Hydrogen fuel cells and transport,but it is hard to or wires;others can be are a lighter choice ignite(点然)and requires an made electric in pretty than batteries for engine redesign. markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, simple ways. trucks,but making green hydrogen is Babylon Micro-Farm BMF)shortens it even expensive. more. 32 BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be 2.What information does the convenient app set up for a family.Additionally,it could serve a offer? larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or A Real-time weather changes. school.The innovative design requires little effort B.Current condition of the plants. to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. greens D.Availability of pre-seeded pods. Specifically,it's a farm that relies on new3.What can be concluded about BMF employees? I technology.By connecting through the Cloud, A.They have a great passion for sports. BMF is remotely monitored.Also,there is a B.They are devoted to community service. convenient app that provides growing data in real C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. time. Because the system is automated,it D.They have a strong environmental awareness. significantly reduces the amount of water needed 4.What does the text mainly talk about? to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of A.BMF's major strengths. 训 soil,the system provides just the right amount to B.BMF's general management. each plant.After harvest,users simply replace C.BMF's global influence. the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器)to D.BMF's technical standards. get the next growth cycle started. Passage3(2023·全国甲卷，8分) Moreover,having a system in the same Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5 m 蜜 building where it's eaten means zero emissions long and weigh over 400 kg,occupy a conflicted (排放)from transporting plants from soil to corner of the American psyche一we revere(敬 salad.In addition,there's no need for pesticides them even as they give us frightening dreams. and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms Ask the tourists from around the world that flood 罗 and the surrounding environment. into Yellowstone National Park what they most 烂 BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a , bike to work.Inside the office,they encourage grizzly bear. recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage; "Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of 抵 cans and avoiding single-use plastic."We are their former range,"says bear biologist Chris passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into 郑 in our environment,said a BMF employee. places where they haven't been seen in a century 1.What can be learned about BMF from Paragraph 1?or more,they're increasingly being sighted by A.It guarantees the variety of food. humans. 母 B.It requires day-to-day care. The western half of the U.S.was full of C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough D.It relies on farmer's markets. number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native 33 Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of2.What has helped the increase of the grizzly cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to population? 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of A.The European settlers'behavior. their former range in the Northern Rockies.In B.The expansion of bears'range. 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered C.The protection by law since 1975. Species Act. D.The support of Native Americans. Today,there are about 2,000 or more 3.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been Service from delisting grizzlies? so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife A.The opposition of conservation groups. Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. which would loosen legal protections and allow C.The voice of the biologists. them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned D.The local farmers'advocates. due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? now,grizzlies remain listed. A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. Obviously,if precautions(预防)aren't taken, B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes C.A special path should be built for grizzlies killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Passage4(2022·全国甲卷，8分) Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at native to Australasia,have been shown to have getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to have a clean, similar shape-recognition abilities to a human attractant-free place where bears can pass through two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use longtime biologist who manages bears in and around while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment, Missoula. cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut 1.How do Americans look at grizzlies? inside it.The clear front of the box had a A.They cause mixed feelings in people. “keyhole”in a geometric shape,and the birds B.They should be kept in national parks. ;were given five differently shaped“keys”to C.They are of high scientific value. choose from.Inserting the correct "key"would D.They are a symbol of American culture. let out the nut. 34 In humans,babies can put a round shape in a 1.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in round hole from around one year of age,but it the experiment? A.By following instructions. will be another year before they are able to do the B.By using a tool. same with less symmetrical(对称的)shapes.This C.By turning the box around. ability to recognize that a shape will need to be D.By removing the lid. turned in a specific direction before it will fit is 2.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? called an "allocentric frame of reference".In the A.Using a key to unlock a door. experiment,Goffin's cockatoos were able to select B.Telling parrots from other birds. the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual C.Putting a ball into a round hole. D.Grouping toys of different shapes. recognition alone.Where trial-and-error was used, 3.What does the follow-up test aim to find out the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. about the cockatoos? This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed A.How far they are able to see. possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving B.How they track moving objects. C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys. objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies. D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. The next step,according to the researchers,4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers entirely on visual clues(线索)，or also use a sense B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers of touch in making their shape selections. D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters 题组二 Passage1(2025·浙江1月，10分) The concept was born when German city A novel design approach to gardening has planners sought to plant large areas of parkland been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred toafter World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature created planting mixes that could be used to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the ;modularly(模块化).In a matrix garden,plants garden,and even some of the designing. with similar cultural needs are grouped so that Eschewing fertilizers()and power toos,it'sthey will grow together above and below ground, based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves more like nature does. water and discourages weeds. 35 Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's :3.Which of the following best describes Piet gardens popularized this style,adding artistic Oudolf's gardens? flavors to the planting mixes while playing with A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. color and form,including four-season interest C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-4.Which of the following can be a suitable title round,they invite you to enjoy the smallest for the text? detail,from the sound of grasses in the gentle A.The future of gardening is WILD wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.: B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. C.Matrix gardens need more CARE While matrix gardens appear wild,they are D.Old garden plots work WONDERS carefully planned,with cultural needs the first:Passage2(2023·新课标I卷，l0分) consideration.Led by the concept of "right plant, When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore right place,"they match plants that enjoy the the woods around his house,observing how nature same soil,sun and weather conditions,and solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often arrange them according to their patterns of became clear after flowing through plants and along growth. rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, The benefits are substantial for both the John started to wonder if this process could be used to gardener and planet.With human clean up the messes people were making. inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing develop well.Established matrix gardens should nature and asking questions.Why can certain not need the life support we give most gardens: plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds fertilizer,dividing,regular watering.Compared to of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the traditional garden plots,they increase carbon right combination of animals and plants,he absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way habitat and biodiversity significantly. nature did.He decided to build what he would 1.What does the underlined word"Eschewing"nlater call an eco-machinc. the first paragraph mean? The task John set for himself was to remove A.Running out of. harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). B.Keeping away from. First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass C.Putting up with. tanks connected to each other.Then he went D.Taking advantage of. around to local ponds and streams and brought 2.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? back some plants and animals.He placed them in A.To control weeds in large gardens. the tanks and waited.Little by little,these B.To bring in foreign species of plants. different kinds of life got used to one another and C.To conserve soil and water resources. formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks, D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. John added the sludge. 36 He was amazed at the results..The plants Passage3(2021·全国乙卷，8分) and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as You've heard that plastic is polluting the ocean food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean been digested,and all that was left was pure ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or water. cup really make a difference?Artist Benjamin Von Over the years,John has taken on many big Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing treated sewage (from 1,600 homes in viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use 救 South Burlington.He also designed an ecoplastic products. machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in At the beginning of the year,the artist built southeast China. a piece called "Strawpocalypse",a pair of 10-foot- 堂 "Ecological design"is the name John gives totall plastic waves,frozen mid-crash.Made of what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare 168,000 plastic straws collected from several 1 parts for the inventor,"he says."You put organisms 即 volunteer beach cleanups,the sculpture made its in new relationships and observe what's happening. first appearance at the Estella Place shopping Then you let these new systems develop their own center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. ways to self-repair..” Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled. 1.What can we learn about John from the first Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source two paragraphs? (of plastic pollution,but they've recently A.He was fond of traveling. 量 come under fire because most people don't need B.He enjoyed being alone. them to drink with and,because of their small size C.He had an inquiring mind. and weight,they cannot be recycled.Every straw D.He longed to be a doctor. that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came 2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A.To feed the animals. from a drink that someone used for only a few 都 烂 B.To build an ecosystem. minutes.Once the drink is gone,the straw will C.To protect the plants. take centuries to disappear. D.To test the eco-machine. In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to 3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? illustrate (a specific statistic:Every 60 抵 A.To review John's research plans. seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the B.To show an application of John's idea. ocean.For this work,titled "Truckload of C.To compare John's different jobs. Plastic",Von Wong and a group of volunteers 郑 D.To erase doubts about John's invention. collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, 4.What is the basis for John's work? which were then tied together to look like they'd A.Nature can repair itself. been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once. 问 B.Organisms need water to survive. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help C.Life on Earth is diverse. pressure big companies to reduce their plastic D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. footprint. 37 1.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for? 3.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic"have A.Beautifying the city he lives in. on viewers? B.Introducing eco-friendly products. A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging. D.Reducing garbage on the beach. 2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in 4.Which of the following can be the best title for Paragraph 3? the text? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. A.Artists'Opinions on Plastic Safety B.To explain why they are useful. B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art C.To voice his views on modern art. C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D.To find a substitute for them. D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 题组三 Passage1(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，7.5分) From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls, Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of the Yellowstone River,and the breathtaking colors ranger programs throughout the park,and throughout:of the canyon (while learning about the area's the year.The following are descriptions of the ranger natural and human history.Discover why artists and programs this summer. photographers continue to be drawn to this special Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 place.Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on to September 2) the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail Photography Workshops(June 19 &July 10) )camping,or just enjoying the park's amazing Enhance your photography skills -join wildlife from the road,this quick workshop is for you Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands-on and your family.Learn where to look for animals and program to inspire new and creative ways of how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience.enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. 6/19-Waterfalls &Wide Angles:meet at Artist Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to Point. August 21) 7/10-Wildflowers &White Balance:meet at Kids can test their skills and compare their Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.Stay for as 1.Which of the four programs begins the earliest? little or as long as your plans allow.Meet in front A.Photography Workshops. of the Visitor Education Center. B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. Canyon Talks at Artist Point June 9 to C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point. September 2) D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 38 2.What is the short talk at Artist Point about? Across the 320 submissions,a pattern of A.Works of famous artists. categories the researchers call a "nature lan- B.Protection of wild animals. guage"began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions,half a dozen categories were noted C.Basic photography skills. most often as important to visitors.These include D.History of the canyon area. encountering wildlife,walking along the edge of 3.Where will the participants meet for the July water,and following an established trail. 10 photography workshop? Naming each nature experience creates a A.Artist Point. usable language,which helps people recognize B.Washburn Trailhead. and take part in the activities that are most C.Canyon Village Store. satisfying and meaningful to them.For example, D.Visitor Education Center. the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a Passage2(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，10分) weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during As cities balloon with growth,access to nature a workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form for people living in urban arcas is becoming harder toof this interaction by walking along a fountainn find.If you're lucky,there might be a pocket park near their lunch break. where you live,but it's unusual to find places in a city "We're trying to generate a language that that are relatively wild. helps bring the human-nature interactions back Past research has found health and wellness into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we also need to protect nature so that we can interact benefits of nature for humans,but a new study with it,said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely study. important for human well-being. 1.What phenomenon does the author describe at The research team focused on a large urban the beginning of the text? park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers,; A.Pocket parks are now popular. asking them to submit a written summary online B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. of a meaningful interaction they had with nature: C.Many cities are overpopulated. in the park.The researchers then examined these D.People enjoy living close to nature. 2.Why did the researchers code participant submis- submissions,coding (experiences into different sions into categories? categories.For example,one participant's experience A.To compare different types of park-goers. of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. for a while"was assigned the categories "sitting C.To analyze the main features of the park. at beach”and“listening to waves..” D.To find patterns in the visitors'summaries. 39 3.What can we learn from the example given in Para- The adorable female calf is the second black graph 5? rhino born this year at the reserve,but it is too A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. early to tell if the calves will make good B.Young people are too busy to interact with na- candidates to be returned to protected areas of the ture. wild.The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne C.The same nature experience takes different arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima forms. and weighed about 32kg.His mother,grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still D.The nature language enhances work per- live there. formance. According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global 4.What should be done before we can interact black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500, with nature according to Kahn? giving the rhinos a "critically endangered"status. A.Language study. 1.Which of the following best describes the breeding B.Environmental conservation. programme? C.Public education. A.Costly. B.Controversial. D.Intercultural communication. C.Ambitious. D.Successful. Passage3(2021·全国甲卷，8分) 2.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breeding rhino? (繁育)programme,has welcomed the arrival of a A.She loves staying with her mother. rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽).When the tiny B.She dislikes outdoor activities. creature arrived on January 31,she became the C.She is in good condition. 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And D.She is sensitive to heat. officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the 3.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima new arrival,especially as black rhinos are known have? for being difficult to breed in captivity(). A.They had their first born in January. Paul Beer,head of rhino section at Port B.They enjoyed exploring new places. Lympne,said:"Obviously we're all absolutely C.They lived with their grandmothers. delighted to welcome another calf to our black D.They were brought to the reserve young. 4.What can be inferred about Port Lympne rhino family.She's healthy,strong and already Reserve? eager to play and explore.Her mother,Solio,is a; A.The rhino section will be open to the public. first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. B.It aims to control the number of the animals. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into C.It will continue to work with the World the open,but as soon as the weather warms up,I Wildlife Fund. have no doubt that the little one will be out and D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected about exploring and playing every day." wild areas. 403.B[理解具体信息根据题千中的“mini community library'”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a‘mini community library':any passer-by can...or replace it with another title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人 都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说 任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选B项。 A项“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢 迎”；D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。] 4.C[理解具体信息根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这 个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意 到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。 这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会 考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作 者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始 使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。] 考点五阅读理解（生态环保类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自然一环境保护 全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型方案 文章大意：文章主要围绕全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型 展开，说明不同交通方式有特定燃料需求，全球能源转型中 可再生能源需求巨大。 1.C[理解具体信息题目问“2018年公路车辆在全球交通 排放中所占百分比是多少？”。根据文中第一张图中的相 关数据“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%”和“ROAD (GOODS)29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总 占比为45.1%十29.4%=74.5%。故选C项。」 2.C理解具体信息题目问“哪种交通方式相对容易实现 绿色转型？”。根据文中第二张图中“TRAINS Electricity'”部分的描述可知，火车使用电能作为能源，一些 火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常筒单的方 式实现电气化。相对图中描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料 转型，火车绿色转型更简单。故选C项。 3.B[理解具体信息根据文中最后一段Wipke的话“We need to speed up.·used”可知，Wipke认为需要加快绿色 能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项“加大对可再 生能源的投入”与文意相符。故选B项。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一科学与技术 一BMF缩短食物到餐桌的距离 文章大意：本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF 公司。 l.C[推断根据第一段中的“However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table”和“Babylon Micro--Farm(BMF)shortens it even more'”可知，大部分商 店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达 人们的餐桌。BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。未句中的 “it”代指前文的“journey'”,并和选项C中的“distance'”构成 同义词替换，故选C项。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time" 知，有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供（植物的）生长数据， 这和B项的意思契合。 3.D[推断根据文章末段中对BMF公司员工的生活和工 作情况的描述以及BMF员工的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our -12 environment'”可知，BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续 发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室 里，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方 式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中 的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断：BMF公司的员工 有着强烈的环保意识，故选D项。] 4.A[理解文章主旨要义文章首段介绍BMF公司缩短了 食物到餐桌的运输过程，接着第二至四段介绍了BMF的 创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生 活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述，文章从各个方面 凸显了BMF的优势。 Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了美国灰 熊从多变少的发展过程，和在法律的保护下，灰熊数量增长， 并探讨了针对灰熊的应对保护方案。 l,A[根据第一段的“Grizzly bears..occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche(灰熊在美国人心中占据了 一个矛盾的角落)”和“we revere(敬畏)them even as they give us frightening dreams..their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear”可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可 见，人们对它们的感情很复杂，故A项正确。] 2.C[根据第三段的“Inl975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act(l975年，灰熊被列入《美国濒危动 物法案》中)”和第四段的“Today,there are about2,000or more grizzly bears in the U.S.(如今，美国大约有2000或 更多头灰熊)”可以推断，灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的 法律保护息息相关，故C项正确。] 3.A[根据题千的“theU.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies'”可以迅速锁定第四段。根据第四段的 "Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups(由于来自保护组织的诉讼，这两次尝 试都被推翻了)”可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼 类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国颜危动物法案》中除 名，故A项正确。] 4.B[根据最后一段的“If people remove food and attractants... is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away(如果人们把食物 和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走，灰熊经过时通常会平安 无事。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰 熊也非常有效)”可以推断，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处，故B项 正确。 Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种会识 别形状的凤头鹦鹉。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage..(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会 使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地 使用工具。)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped‘keys’to choose from.Inserting the correct‘keys' would let out the nut.(研究人员给了这些鸟五把形状各异 的‘钥匙’供它们选择。插入正确的‘钥匙’会让坚果出 来。)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹅是通过使用工具从盒子里 取出坚果的。故选B。] 2.C「细节理解题。根据第二段“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品 放进一个圆形的洞里)”可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将 一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。」 3.D[推理判断题。通过最后一段“The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索)，or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections..(根据研究 人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚风头鹦鹉是完全依靠视 觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。)”可推知，后 续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。 故选D。] 4.D标题归纳题。通读全文，再结合第一段“Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(戈芬的风头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋 洲的小鹦鹅，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可 推知，本文主要介绍会识别形状的凤头鹦鹅。D项 “Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的 熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然人与环境 “矩阵式”种植方法 文章大意：“矩阵式”种植方法是一种越来越受欢迎的新颖的 园艺设计方法，其目的是让大自然在花园中承担更多的艰巨 工作，甚至是一些设计。该种植方法基于一个简单的原则， 即更加像大自然一样地种植花木。 l.B[理解词汇根据画线词后的“it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does" 可知，“矩阵式”种植方法基于一个简单的原则，即更加像 大自然一样地种植花木。结合常识可知，自然种植不会用 到化肥和电动工具，故画线词的意思与B项“远离”最为接 近。run out of“用完，耗尽”；put up with“容忍，忍受”；take advantage of“利用”。] 2.D[理解具体信息根据第二段的“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance”可知，“矩阵式”种植方法 的概念诞生于德国二战后，当时的城市规划者试图使用一 种可复制的方式来开发大面积的公园用地，这种方法需要 最少的雏护。由此可知，推行“矩阵式”种植方法是为了开 发低雏护成本的公园用地，故选D。A项“为了管理大型 花园中的杂草”；B项“为了引进外来植物”：C项“为了保 护水土资源”。] 3.C[推断根据题千中的“Piet Oudolf's gardens”可快速 将答案定位到第三段。根据第三段的“adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form,including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园 在巧妙地利用色彩和表现形式的同时，在混合种植中增添 了艺术气息，包括四季皆宜的观赏性，并满足野生动物的 需求，这些花园全年都很美丽，故选C项tasteful“高雅的， 雅致的，优美的”。odd-looking“外表怪异的，奇形怪状的”； well-protected“受良好保护的”。] 4.A[理解文章主旨要义本文第一段引入话题“矩阵式” 种植方法，介绍该方法的目的和基本原则；第二段介绍该 方法的诞生及基本操作方式：第三段以Piet Oudolf的花园 为例，讲述了采用该方法种植的花园的特色；第四段讲这 种花园是经过精心规划的；最后一段讲这样种植方法带来 的生态好处。由此可知，本文主要介绍了“矩阵式”种植方 法。文章的第一段是本文的主旨段，“A novel design -12 approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide”表明“矩阵式”种植方法在全世界越来越受欢 迎，即这种方法是种植花木的未来；“it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does" 表明“矩阵式”种植方法的核心是侣导像大自然一样种植 花木，即模仿自然设计园林。故A项“园艺的未来是自然 生长”最适合作本文的标题。B项“大自然平等对待所有生 命”；C项“‘矩阵式’花园需要更多照看”：D项“老旧的花园 地块创造奇迹”。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观 察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的 学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了 “生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。 l.C[根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems'”和“When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making'”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions'”以及第二段中的两个问题可 以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底，喜欢探索的人，故C项 正确。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。] 2.D[根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge 泥)..placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为 了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植 物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water'”表明了将 污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，Jon在水箱里 放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。] 3.B[上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心 句“Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs”可知， 多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的 运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的 应用，故B项正确。A“为了回顾John的研究计划”；B“为 了展示John的理念的实际应用”：C“为了比较John的不同 工作”；D“为了消除对John的发明的怀疑”。] 4.A[本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生 物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用 来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下， John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自 然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”也印证了 John的工作依据就在于“自我修复“这一理念，故A项正确。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品“吸 管未日”，目的是提醒人门警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以 及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。 1.C[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，该艺术家创 作的初衷是督促公众重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系。 故选C。] 2.A[推理判断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重 量轻，很难回收。故选A。] 3.B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate (a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean.”可知，Von Wong在20l8年的一件作品 中，想说明每60秒就有一卡车的量的塑料被倒入海洋。 这种景象会让人们感到震惊和担忧。故选B。门 4.D[标题归纳题。本文围绕环保话题，介绍一位叫本杰明 的艺术家，试图用塑料垃圾创作雕塑作品，唤起公众对塑 料垃圾的重视。故选D。] 题组三 Passage 1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了美国黄 石国家公园的四个护林员项目。 l.D[对比四个项目的时间信息可知，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone是最早开始的(May26)。故D项正确。] 2.D[根据Canyon Talks at Artist Point部分中的“while learning about the area's natural and human history'"及本段 最后的“for this short talk”可知，这个简短的演讲是关于 Canyon这个地方的历史的。故D项正确。] 3.B[根据Photography Workshops部分中的“7/10.，meet at Washburn Trailhead”可知，7月l0日参加者要在这里碰 面。故B项正确。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一项新的研 究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类 健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。 1,B[题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根 据第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find(城市居民越来越难以接触 大自然)”以及“it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见 的)”可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。] 2.D[题千问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原 因。根据第四段第一句话“Across the320 submissions,a pattern of categories.,.began to emerge(在320份提交的 材料中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的类别模式开始 出现)”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中 找出类别规律。故D项正确。] 3.C[题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什 么。根据第五段所举的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying..a fountain on their lunch break'”可知，年轻的职业人士周未可以在公园 徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验 自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。 故C项正确。] 4.B「题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些 什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话“And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with t(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互 动)”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B 项正确。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述肯特野生 动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀牛幼崽的到来。 l.D[细节理解题。根据题千关键词“the breeding programme'” 定位到第一段第一句话“Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a 12 breeding()programme,has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽)，.”林普恩港保护区(Port Lympne Reserve)开展了一项繁殖计划，它迎来了一头稀有 的黑犀牛幼总的到来。所以，这项繁殖计划应该是成功 的。故选D。 2.C「细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Paul Beer say”定位到 第二段他说的话，根据“‘Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.She's healthy,strong and already eager to play and explore..,”显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一头小牛来到 我们的黑犀牛家庭。她健康，强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和 探索。可知这头新生的小犀牛状况很好。故选C。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据题千关键词“similar experience, Solio and Kisima”定位到第二段“Her mother,Solio,isa first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.(她的母亲， 索里奥，是第一次当妈妈，她做得很好。)”和第三段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.(1 5日，在林普恩港出生的第一头犀牛来到了第一次做母亲 的基西马身边，体重约32公斤。)”可知Solio和Kisima相 似点都是第一次当妈妈。故选A。] 4.D[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild,(但现在判断这些幼 牛是否适合被送回生保护区还为时过早。)”可知，有些 犀牛可能被送回野生动物保护区。故选D。] 考点六阅读理解（史地人文类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一社会与文化 英国的特色集镇 文章大意：本文主要介绍了英国四个特色集镇，每个集镇均 以市场贸易为核心，同时具备独特的历史文化特色或自然 景观。 l.C[理解具体信息根据Hereford,Herefordshire部分中 "The Hereford Cathedral...One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there'”可知，《大宪 章》的原件展示在赫里福德大教堂。故选C项。] 2.B[理解具体信息读题题千问“什鲁斯伯里镇中心的 一个特点是什么？”。A项“它位于一个大岛附近”；B项“它 几乎被水包围”；C项“它以花卉节闻名”：D项“从伦敦很容 易到达”。 解题根据Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center'”可知，塞文河在镇里 有一个显著的转弯，几乎使什鲁斯伯里镇中心成为一个岛 屿。由此可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选 B项。 3.A[理解具体信息根据Mevagissey,Cornwall部分中的 "Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It's delicious”可知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西尝试传统的 康沃尔馅饼。故选A项。] Passage 2 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一公益事业与志 愿服务一生物栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募