考点8 阅读理解(科普研究类)-【创新大课堂】高考英语五年（2022-2026年）真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点八阅读理解（科普研究类） 题组一 Passage1(2025·浙江1月，10分) ;it-they would assume Miuu was a“he”or As new technologies take on increasingly"she." humanlike qualities,there's been a push to make them Martin sees a silver lining,however:She genderless..“People are stereotyping(形成刻板印believes that anthropomorphism(拟人化)“provides )their gendered objects in very traditional an opportunity to change stereotypes."When women ways,"says Ashley Martin,a Stanford associate are put into positions of leadership like running professor of organizational behavior.Removing companies,it reduces negative stereotypes about gender from the picture altogether seems like a women.Similarly,anthropomorphized products could simple way to fix this.Yet as Martin has found in be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles-a her work,gender is one of the fundamental ways male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot people form connections with objects,particularly that helps do calculations,for instance. those designed with human characteristics. 1.What is the purpose of making new technologies In her study,Martin asked participants to genderless? rate their attachment to male,female,and A.To reduce stereotypes. genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and B.To meet public demand. a self-driving car known as "Miuu."It was found C.To cut production costs. that gender increased users'feelings of D.To encourage competition. attachment to these devices and their interest in 2.What were the participants probably asked to purchasing them.For example,participants said do in the study? they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice A.Design a product. assistant than versions with male or female B.Respond to a survey. voices. C.Work as assistants. While gendering a product may be good D.Take a language test. marketing,it may also strengthen outdated or:3.Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? harmful ideas about power and identity.The A.They cannot be mass-produced. stereotypes commonly associated with men,such B.Naming them is a challenging task. as competitiveness and dominance,are more C.People assume they are unreliable. valued than those associated with women.These D.Gender is rooted in people's mind. qualities,in turn,are mapped onto products that:4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk have been assigned a gender. about? Martin's study also found that creating a A.The quality of genderless products. genderless object was difficult.For instance,if an B.The upside of gendering a product. object's name was meant to sound genderless,like C.The meaning of anthropomorphism. Miuu,participants would still assign a gender to D.The stereotypes of men and women. 47 Passage2(2025·全国I卷，10分) intake."The way they demonstrated how Microplastics have become a common source microplastics were trapped through the boiling of pollution across the Earth-they have settled process was nice,"Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck an environmental engineer at the University of inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.research,tells New Scientist."We should be They are even appearing inside humans. looking into upgrading drinking water treatment Now,new research suggests that a simple,plants so they remove microplastics." cheap measure may significantly reduce the level:1.How does the author present the issue in the of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头)：： first paragraph? boiling and filtering(it.In a study published A.By quoting an expert. Wednesday in Environmental Science & B.By defining a concept. Technology Letters,researchers from China C.By giving examples. found that boiling tap water for just five D.By providing statistics. minutes-then filtering it after it cools-could 2.What determines the effectiveness of trapping remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. microplastics in water? Crucially,this process relies on the water A.The hardness of water. containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)to; B.The length of cooling time. trap the plastics.In the study,boiling hard water: C.The frequency of filtering. containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate D.The type of plastic in water. led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in 3.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium bottled water in paragraph 4 carbonate,boiling reduced the level of plastics by A.The importance of plastic recycling. just 25 percent.Additionally,the research didn't B.The severity of the microplastic problem. include all types of plastics.The team focused C.The danger in overusing pure water. only on three common types-polystyrene, D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. polyethylene and polypropylene-and they didn't 4.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? study other chemicals previously found in water A.Choice of new research methods. such as vinyl chloride. B.Possible direction for further study. Still,the findings show a potential path forward C.Need to involve more researchers. for reducing microplastic exposure-a task that's: D.Potential application of the findings. becoming increasingly difficult..Even bottled water,Passage3(2024·新课标I卷，l0分) scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to In the race to document the species on Earth 1,000 times more microplastics than originally before they go extinct,researchers and citizen thought. scientists have collected billions of records. Scientists are still trying to determine how:Today,most records of biodiversity are often in harmful microplastics are-but what they do the form of photos,videos,and other digital know has raised concerns.The new study records.Though they are useful for detecting suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit shifts in the number and variety of species in an 48 area,a new Stanford study has found that this improve the quality of observational data, type of record is not perfect. biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have "With the rise of technology it is easy for an expert confirm the identification of their people to make observations of different species uploaded image." with the aid of a mobile application,"said1.What do we know about the records of species Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study collected now? and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford A.They are becoming outdated. School of Humanities and Sciences."These B.They are mostly in electronic form. T observations now outnumber the primary data C.They are limited in number. that comes from physical specimens(标本)，and D.They are used for public exhibition. since we are increasingly using observational data 2.What does Daru's study focus on? to investigate how species are responding to 堂 A.Threatened species. global change,I wanted to know:Are they B.Physical specimens. usable?” 修 C.Observational data. p Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records D.Mobile applications. of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and 3.What has led to the biases according to the his team tested how well these data represent study? actual global biodiversity patterns. 獭 "We were particularly interested in exploring A.Mistakes in data analysis. the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏 B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures. 量 data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen C.Improper way of sampling. scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant D.Unreliable data collection devices. instead of the grass right next to it,said Daru. 4.What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps? Their study revealed that the large number A.Review data from certain areas. of observation-only records did not lead to better B.Hire experts to check the records. 令 global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased C.Confirm the identity of the users. 烂 and favor certain regions,time periods,and D.Give guidance to citizen scientists species.This makes sense because the people who Passage4(2023·全国乙卷，8分) get observational biodiversity data on mobile If you want to tell the history of the whole devices are often citizen scientists recording their world,a history that does not privilege one part 抵 encounters with species in areas nearby.These of humanity,you cannot do it through texts 蝶 data are also biased toward certain species with alone,because only some of the world has ever 郑 attractive or eye-catching features. had texts,while most of the world,for most of What can we do with the imperfect datasets the time,has not.Writing is one of humanity's of biodiversity? later achievements,and until fairly recently even “Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity;many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their 问 apps can use our study results to inform users of concerns not only in writing but in things. oversampled areas and lead them to places-and Ideally a history would bring together texts even species- that are not well-sampled.To and objects,and some chapters of this book are 49 able to do just that,but in many cases we simply first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one can't.The clearest example of this between half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of literate and non-literate history is perhaps the that conversation,we have to read not just the texts, first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain but the objects. Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? From the English side,we have scientific reports A.How past events should be presented. and the captain's record of that terrible day.From B.What humanity is concerned about. the Australian side,we have only a wooden C.Whether facts speak louder than words. shield (dropped by a man in flight after his:D.Why written language is reliable first experience of gunshot.If we want to:2.What does the author indicate by mentioning reconstruct what was actually going on that day, Captain Cook in Paragraph 2? the shield must be questioned and interpreted as A.His report was scientific. deeply and strictly as the written reports. B.He represented the local people. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension C.He ruled over Botany Bay. from both sides,there are victories accidentally or D.His record was one-sided. deliberately twisted,especially when only the victors 3.What does the underlined word "conversation" know how to write.Those who are on the losing side in Paragraph 3 refer to? often have only their things to tell their stories.The A.Problem. B.History. Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the C.Voice. D.Society. African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom:4.Which of the following books is the text most appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past:likely selected from? achievements most powerfully through the objects they A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World made:a history told through things gives them back a B.A Short History of Australia voice.When we consider contact(联系)between C.A History of the World in 100 Objects literate and non-literate societies such as these,all our D.How Art Works Tell Stories 题组二 Passage1(2026·全国I卷，10分) substance called isoprene.Harmless by itself, In line with longstanding initiatives to isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen expand its green spaces,New York City is oxides released by vehicles,buildings and industry planting tens of thousands of trees each year.to form ground-level ozone ()-a major They provide shade,lower surface temperatures,factor in many breathing problems. absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, The research,carried out by scientists at the remove tiny pollutants,and provide wildlife Columbia Climate School and other institutions, habitat along with just plain beauty. found that if the city maintains past species Something could go wrong,though,according patterns in new plantings,isoprene production in to a new study.Oaks and sweetgums,which Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about currently account for a majority of the city's 140%,and resulting summer ozone levels as much trees,produce huge amounts of a chemical as 30%. 50 "We're all for planting more trees.They C.Related to. bring so many good things,"said study coauthor D.Optimistic about. Roisin Commane."But if we're not careful,we4.What would Auyeung probably advocate? could make air quality worse." A.Reducing car use in daily life. The Parks Department is not oblivious to the B.Providing animals with new habitats. issue.A study carried out by some of its C.Controlling population growth. researchers several years ago concluded that city D.Doing more research on the problem. trees did release isoprene."We didn't make a big deal of that,"said Novem Auyeung,a Parks Passage2(2026·浙江1月，10分) Department senior scientist.She said trees should Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate not be viewed as the enemy."We could plant any change.Scientists at Salk Institute are making use trees we want to,if we just rethink our car- of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon centric lifestyle,"she said. dioxide by enhancing their root systems.This "We're not going to go cutting down any big optimization()aims to increase the amount of old oaks,"and neither will the department carbon stored and extend the duration of its completely stop planting new ones,said storage. Auyeung."You have to think about what you To design these climate-saving plants,the would lose if you do that.Oaks are keystone scientists are using a research tool called species,she pointed out,providing food and SLEAP-an Al software that tracks multiple habitat for native insects,birds and other features of root growth.Created by Salk Fellow animals. Talmo Pereira,SLEAP was initially designed to 1.What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? track animal movement in the lab.Now,Pereira A.They affect the growth of other trees. has teamed up with plant scientist Professor B.They absorb less carbon than expected. Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants C.They harm people's health indirectly. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, D.They raise the local temperature slowly. Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for 2.Which of the following may Commane suggest: using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes- based on their study? how deep and wide they grow,how massive their A.Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. root systems become,and other physical B.Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. qualities.Prior to SLEAP,tracking the physical C.Changing the species of trees in new characteristics of both plants and animals plantings. required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific D.Removing isoprene released by existing process.SLEAP uses computer vision(the ability trees. 3.What does the underlined phrase"oblivious to"for computers to understand images)and deep in paragraph 5 mean? learning(an Al approach for training a computer A.Honest about. to learn and work like the human brain)to help B.Unaware of. researchers process images much more quickly. 51 The application of SLEAP to plants has Passage3(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，l0分) already enabled researchers to establish the most Given the astonishing potential of Al to extensive catalog()of plant root phenotypes transform our lives,we all need to take action to to date.What's more,tracking these physical root deal with our Al-powered future,and this is system characteristics helps scientists find genes where Al by Design:A Plan for Living with (associated with those characteristics,as Artificial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing well as whether multiple root characteristics are new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical determined by the same genes or independently.roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the This allows the Salk team to determine what forthcoming AI revolution () genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. In the wrong hands,such a book could prove "Our cooperation is truly proof of what as complicated to process as the computer code makes Salk science so special and impactful,"says()that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has Pereira."We're not just borrowing'from more than two decades'professional experience different disciplines-we're really putting them translating the heady into the understandable.She on an equal footing in order to create something writes from the practical angle of a business greater than the sum of its parts. person rather than as an academic,making for a 1.What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to guide which is highly accessible and informative achieve? and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as A.Keeping more carbon in plants. smart as AI. B.Optimizing the use of energy. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, C.Enhancing biological diversity. AI is already super-smart and will become more D.Reducing carbon absorption. capable,moving from the current generation of 2.Why did Pereira create SLEAP? "narrow-AI"to Artificial General Intelligence. A.To generate plant images. From there,Campbell says,will come Artificial B.To conduct research on animals. Dominant Intelligence.This is why Campbell has C.To study climate patterns. set out to raise awareness of Al and its future D.To track features of root growth. now-several decades before these developments 3.What will SLEAP help the scientists do? are expected to take place.She says it is essential A.Pick out diseased plants in the forest. that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or B.Collect samples of plant root systems. risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. C.Identify genes for desirable plant roots. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible D.Preserve the genes of endangered plants. for Al-the technology companies and world 4.What can be inferred from Pereira's words? leaders-so they are on the same page as all the A.Academic disciplines are of equal importance. experts currently developing it.She explains we B.Computer programming is a must for scientists. are at a“tipping point'”in history and must act C.Interdisciplinary approaches promote creativity. now to prevent an extinction-level event for D.Cooperation outweighs competition in research. humanity.We need to consider how we want our 52 future with AI to pan out.Such structured thinking, Brilliant though it is,Project Debater has followed by global regulation,will enable us to some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its achieve greatness rather than our downfall. library of documents and prebuilt arguments and AI will affect us all,and if you only read one strings them together.This can lead to the kinds book on the subject,this is it. of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles l.What does the phrase“In the wrong hands'”in will no doubt be ironed out,yet they also point to Paragraph 2 probably mean? a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond, T A.If read by someone poorly educated. professor of electrical engineering and computer B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. science at Northwestern University,put it:"There's C.If written by someone less competent. never a stage at which the system knows what it's D.If translated by someone unacademic. ® 2.What is a feature of AI by Design according to talking about..” the text? What Hammond is referring to is the A.It is packed with complex codes. question of meaning,and meaning is central to 训 B.It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans C.It provides step-by-step instructions from the most intelligent of machines.A computer D.It is intended for AI professionals. works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of 称 3.What does Campbell urge people to do regarding rules to transform one string of symbols into AI development? another.But it does not specify what those 量 A.Observe existing regulations on it. symbols mean.Indeed,to a computer,meaning is B.Reconsider expert opinions about it. irrelevant.Humans,in thinking,talking,reading C.Make joint efforts to keep it under control. and writing,also work with symbols.But for humans, D.Learn from prior experience to slow it down. meaning is everything.When we communicate, 会 4.What is the author's purpose in writing the we communicate meaning.What matters is not 赵 text? just the outside of a string of symbols,but the A.To recommend a book on Al. inside too,not just how they are arranged but B.To give a brief account of AI history. what they mean. C.To clarify the definition of Al. 抵 Meaning emerges through a process of social D.To honor an outstanding Al expert. Passage4(2023·浙江1月，10分) interaction,not of computation,interaction that A machine can now not only beat you at shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. 尔 chess,it can also outperform you in debate.Last The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside 母 week,in a public debate in San Francisco,a our heads,but also outside,in society,in social software program called Project Debater beat its memory,social conventions and social relations. human opponents,including Noa Ovadia,Israel's It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. former national debating champion. And that's why,however astonishing Project 53 Debater may seem,the tradition that began with 3.What is Project Debater unable to do according Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial to Hammond? intelligence. A.Create rules. 1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in B.Comprehend meaning. the first paragraph? C.Talk fluently. A.To explain the use of a software program. D.Identify difficult words. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph? C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. A.Social interaction is key to understanding D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. symbols. 2.What does the underlined word“wrinkles”in B.The human brain has potential yet to be Paragraph 2 refer to? developed. A.Arguments. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for B.Doubts. debaters. C.Errors. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright D.Differences. future. 题组三 Passage1(2026·全国Ⅱ卷，10分) Bernardo Espinoza,an engineer who takes The Barcelona subway pulls into the station,the subway every day,owns an electric car."I am the doors slide open and passengers pour out to pleasantly surprised,because I am always looking go about their daily business.Little do they know for where to plug it in,Espinoza said before that as they do so,a burst of energy is sent up to catching the subway in a working-class area of street level to help charge an electric car. southern Barcelona."And if it is from energy Barcelona has put together a package of clean from the trains'brakes,then even better." energy technologies to help public transportation go Regenerative brakes have been in trains for greener,while also doing its part to tackle climate decades and are also used in some cars.They change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privateyconsist of an eli motor which olets energy owned electric vehicle market. used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes.That energy can be Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway immediately used to accelerate (the vehicle system are part of its new MetroCharge project or,in the case of the Barcelona subway system, whereby the energy from the underground trains' sent along cables to supply electricity for the brakes(刹车)is used to power the trains and the station or for electric car chargers. stations themselves,while the remainder is sent Alvaro Luna,a professor of electrical snaking through cables (to the surface to engineering,said that the system is innovative in power plug-in stations for privately owned so far as it allows for recycled energy to be vehicles. redirected to specific local uses-in this case, 54 powering electric cars parked nearby.That,he balanced set of two positive fake,two positive said,boosts efficiency. real,two negative fake and two negative real, 1.Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge presented in a random order.The reviews were project? written by real people who were given A.To fuel the city's economy. information about the hotel. B.To enhance passengers'experience. The results show that consumers generally C.To promote green transportation. trust negative reviews more than positive ones. D.To raise the quality of electric cars. 、 Moreover,we humans tend to assume that 2.What is Espinoza's concern? positive reviews might be fake."Overall,negative A.How to cut his travel expenses. reviews are less common.So,we pay more B.Where to get a parking space. attention to them.When a negative review is C.How to avoid rush-hour traffic. fake,we get tricked,"Azimi says. D.Where to find a charging point. When it came to faking a review,length was 3.What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed important to believability,as was detail.A long, in paragraph 5? negative review of a hotel,complete with lots of A.Their operating conditions. information,tended to convince participants.A B.Their conventional standard. lengthy,positive review,on the other hand,was C.Their potential risks. regarded as suspicious,and participants tended to D.Their working mechanism. trust writers that kept their glowing reviews 4.What did Luna say about the system? short.Emotion was also important in convincing A.It uses reclaimed energy creatively. readers-or the lack of emotion,at least.Azimi B.It improves workers'efficiency. says study participants tended not to trust C.It prioritizes the safety of trains. reviews where the writers expressed their feelings D.It generates jobs for the locals. in a big way.The more dispassionate that Passage2(2026·浙江1月，10分) negative write-up,the more likely it was to take Human beings have always loved reviews:the reader in. word of mouth has long been regarded as one of; The fake reviews written for Azimi's study the most valuable marketing tools available to a were put together by humans,but increasingly, company.Consumers enjoy reading and giving fake reviews are being written by Al,which reviews.However,the problem is that a lot of the makes them look more real.Though many reviews are fake(假的).Shabnam Azimi and;companies use algorithms(算法)to weed out fake Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago reviews,Azimi points out that the machines are and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently programmed by humans,and given our limited published a study on fake reviews. ability to spot fake reviews,this isn't a good sign. The study used a dataset of 1,600 reviews of:1.Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 Chicago hotels.Some of them were real;others mainly talk about? were fake.The reviews were presented to 400 A.Its design. B.Its findings. subjects.Each subject got eight reviews to read:a C.Its purposes. D.Its significance. 55 2.What does the underlined word"glowing"in face and store the smell in its memory and use it paragraph 4 mean? to recognize you in the future.That's why most A.Funny. B.Abusive. pet cats are able to tell immediately if their C.Insightful. D.Praising. owners were around any other cats,which they 3.What kind of review would readers most likely don't usually like. trust? Dogs are known for their impressive fetching A.A long,positive one. habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch. B.An unemotional,negative one. Many cats will find random objects outside and C.A short,negative one. bring them to their owners.This is a very old D.An enthusiastic,positive one. habit that's been present in all kinds of predators 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? (食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to A.Many companies are producing fake reviews. 、 show they love you.These adorable little hunters B.Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. are just doing something that it's been in their C.Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. nature since the beginning of time.So just go D.It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. along with it! Passage3(2024·全国甲卷，10分) 1.What can be learned about cats'meowing from Animals can express their needs using a lot the first paragraph? of ways.For instance,almost all animals have A.It's a survival skill. distinct vocals (that they rely on to either B.It's taught by mother cats. ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or C.It's hard to interpret. look for shelter.But cats are special creatures: D.It's getting louder with age. who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are 2.How does a pet cat assess different situations? able to have entire conversations with humans A.By listening for sounds. using meows and you're able to interpret it.If a B.By touching familiar objects. pet cat is hungry,it will keep meowing to attract C.By checking on smells. attention and find food.However,when a cat is D.By communicating with other cats. looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon 3.Which best explains the phrase "take...up a as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get notch'”in Paragraph3? the mother's attention and be fed. A.Perform appropriately. Cats have many heightened senses,but their B.Move faster. sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their C.Act strangely. noses to assess their environment and look out for D.Do better. any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific4.What is a suitable title for the text? areas before they choose a place to relax. A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat However,another way the cats are able to B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior distinguish between situations is by looking for C.Have Fun with Your Cat familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 56一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物。)”及“But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthink- ingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏 了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的 东西可以做六份沙拉。)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜 的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact,Royte writes,'if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world..’(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的 水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问 题。事实上，罗伊特写道，‘如果食物浪费是一个国家，它 将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。')”可知，根据文中的 说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。] 3.D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807.500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volun- teers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行 官，该公司把食物回收变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通 过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅 的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿 者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中 使用。)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作 食物。故选D。] 4.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,' Curtin says,(‘每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无 论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆 不提供你不吃的配菜，’科廷说。)”可知，科廷建议人们只 买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。] 考点八阅读理解（科普研究类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会现象一 技术产品的性别化 文章大意：本文围绕技术产品的性别化现象展开，描述了产 品性别化的好处和环处，引发人们对此现象的思考。 l,A[理解具体信息根据题千中的“making new technolo- gies genderless'”可将答案定位在第一段。“People are ster- eotyping(形成刻板印象)their gendered objects in very tra ditional ways”讲人们正在以非常传统的方式对他们的有 性别特征的物品形成刻板印象，“Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this" 将性别从人们的印象中完全清除似乎是解决这个问题的 一种简单方法，“making new technologies genderless'”是 “Removing gender from the picture altogether”的一种方 法，故让新技术去性别化是为了减少人们的刻板印象，A 项正确。B项“为了满足公众需求”；C项“为了降低生产 成本”；D项“为了鼓励竞争”。] 2.B[推断根据第二段的“In her study,Martin asked par- ticipants to rate their attachment to male,female,and gen- derless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as‘Miuu.’”可知，在Martin的研究中，她要求 参与者评估他们对男性、女性和无性别的数字语音助手和 名为“Miu山”的自动驾驶汽车的依恋程度。由此可推知，参 与者可能被要求响应一项调查，故选B。] 3.D[推断根据题千中的“is it difficult to create gender less objects”可将答案定位在第四段。第四段首句说Mar ti的研究发现创造一个去性别化的物体是困难的，接着举 例进行具体阐述，如果一个物体的名字听起来没有性别， 参与者仍然会给它分配性别。由此可推知，性别观念在人 们心中根深蒂固，故选D。A项“它们不能大批量生产”；B 项“给它们命名是一项具有挑战性的任务”；C项“人们认为 它们不可靠”。] 4.B[理解段落主旨要义第三、四段讲产品性别化可能强 化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念，且创造一个去性 别化的物体是困难的。最后一段首句however进行转折， 表明Martin看到了一丝希望，她相信拟人化“提供了一个 改变刻板印象的机会”，然后讲拟人化的产品可以被创造 出来，以承担与刻板印象不一致的角色，如一个帮助护理 的男性机器人或一个帮助计算的女性机器人。由此可知， 最后一段讲产品性别化在一定程度上可以帮助改变人们 的刻板印象，即产品性别化的好处，故选B。A项“去性别 化产品的特征”；C项“拟人化的意思”；D项“对男人和女人 的刻板印象”。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一自然科学研究 一微塑料污染及应对方法 文章大意：本文指出了微塑料污染的普遍性，并介绍了中国 研究人员的新发现：煮沸并过滤自来水可去除水中的微塑料 (效果取决于水的硬度)。 1.C[推断读题题目问“第一段中，作者是如何呈现问 题的？”A项“通过引用专家观，点”；B项“通过解释一个概 念”；C项“通过举例子”；D项“通过提供统计数据”。 解题第一段中作者通过列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山 脉、火山岩石、海鸟胃里和南极洲下的雪中的存在，来呈现 微塑料污染问题。因此，作者是通过举例子的方式来呈现 问题的。故选C。] 2.A[理解具体信息读题题目问“什么决定了聚集水中 微塑料的效果？”。A项“水的硬度”；B项“冷却时间长短”： C项“过滤频率”；D项“水中塑料类型”。 解题根据第三段第一句“Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)to trap the plastics"(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于水中含 有足够的碳酸钙来聚集塑料微粒)可知，水的硬度决定了 聚集水中微塑料的效果。下文补充说将含有300毫克碳 酸钙的硬质水(hard water)煮沸可使微塑料含量降低近 90%,但将碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本煮沸仅使微塑 料含量降低了25%。因此，水的硬度是影响聚集微塑料 效果的关键因素。] 3.B[推断读题题目问“通过在第四段中提及瓶装水作 者想要说明什么？”。A项“塑料回收的重要性”；B项“微塑 料问题的严重性”：C项“滥用纯净水的危害”：D项“污水处 理的难度”。 解题根据第四段“Stil,the findings show a potential path forward..a task that's becoming increasingly difficult... contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than origi- nally thought'”可知，减少微塑料接触这项任务正变得愈发 9 艰巨，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初认为的高出 10至1000倍。因此，作者试图通过提到瓶装水来强调微 塑料问题的严重性。] 4.DL推断最后一段中提到“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics”(我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能 够去除微塑料)，这表明Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议与研究 结果的潜在应用有关。因此，答案为D。A项“新研究方 法的选择”：B项“未来研究的可能方向”；C项“更多研究者 参与的需要”；D项“研究结果的潜在应用”。] Passage 3 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一科学研究 生物样本数据的可用性 文章大意：本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研究。 文章探究了生物样本数据的可用性，指出了实证研究发现的 问题并提出了提高数据质量的措施。 l.BL理解具体信息根据第一段的“Today,most records of biodiversity are...videos,and other digital records" 知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其 他的数字记录形式存在。故选B项。选项中的“electronic form”是对原文中的“videos,and other digital records”的同 义转换。] 2.C[理解具体信息根据第二段的“and since we are in creasingly using observational data...Are they usable?" 知，Dru及其团队使用观察数据来研究物种是如何对全球 变化作出回应的，他想知道这些观察数据是否可用。再根 据第三段的内容可知，Daru及其团队使用一个全球数据 集测试这些数据在多大程度上展示了实际的全球生物多 样性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。故选C 项。A项“濒危物种”；B项“实物标本”：C项“观察数据”；D 项“手机应用程序”。门 3.C[推断根据第四段的“We were particularly interest- ed,,,instead of the grass right next to it”可知，研究人员对 探索可能导致数据偏差的采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，比 如公民科学家很有可能只拍开花植物而不拍它旁边的青 草。由此可知，采样方式的不当会导致数据偏差，故选C 项。A项“数据分析中的错误”；B项“上传的图片质量差”； D项“数据收集设备不可靠”。] 4.D[理解具体信息根据第七段的“Biodiversity apps can use..to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image”可知，生物多样性应用程序可以使用Daru 他们的研究结果来让用户知道哪些地区是采样过量的地 区，并且引导他们去对采样不是很好的地方或者物种进行 采样。为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也 鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图片。结合第五段的“the people who get.,citizen scientists'”可知，这里的用户指代 的是公民科学家。故选D项。A项“检查特定区域的数 据”；B项“雇用专家去检查记录”：C项“确认用户身份”；D 项“给公民科学家一些指导”。] Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。对于历史事件的考证不 能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助 我们重现真实的历史。 1.A[题千问的是首段的主旨。根据文章首段可知，如果你 想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就 不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近 甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们 的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文 字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故A项正确。] 2.D[题干问的是作者提及库克船长的用意。根据第二段 "Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects... but in many cases we simply can't(理想的情况是我们在研 究历史时应该将文字和实物结合起来…而很多情况下 我们没能这样做)”以及该段最后一句“If we want to re- construct what was actually going on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports(如果我们想要还原那天到底发生了什 么，这块盾牌必须和文字记述一样经过深入而严格的质询 和诠释)”可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故D项正确。] 3.B[题千问的是画线词conversation在文中的意思。根据 第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice(实物能还原历史事实)”和“all our first-hand ac- counts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects(我们所有的 第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲，它只是对话的一半。如 果我们想找到另一半，就必不能只解读文字，还要解读实 物)”可知，conversation指的是历史，故B项正确。] 4.C[题千问的是本文最有可能摘自哪本书。根据本篇答 案解析“段意梳理”部分可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史 实物考证的重要性，故C项“《100件实物中的世界历史》” 正确。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与自然一环境保护一一城市 绿化与空气质量 文章大意：纽约市每年都大量植树，树木有遮阳、降温、固碳、 营造栖息地等诸多益处。但一项新研究发现，该市主流树种 橡树和胶皮枫香树会释放异戊二烯，该物质与车辆、建筑和 工业排放的氯氧化物结合会形成地面臭氧，引发呼吸问题。 1.C[推断读题题目问“关于橡树和胶皮枫香树，这项 新研究暗示了什么？”。A项“它们影响其他树木的生长”： B项“它们吸收的碳比预期少”：C项“它们间接损害人们的 使康”；D项“它们缓慢提升当地温度”。] 2.C[推断根据第四段中Commane的话可知，Commane 完全赞成植树，但其认为如果不加留意的话，我们可能会 让空气质量变差；再结合第三段中的“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings,isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up...as much as 30%”可知，如果城市继续种植过去的物种类型的话，曼哈 顿的异戊二烯释放量和夏季臭氧水平都会上升。由此可 推知，Commane可能会建议调整新种树木的品种。A项 “砍掉会产生异戊二烯的树”；B项“暂缓种树几十年”；C项 “改变新种树木的品种”：D项“移除现存树木释放的异戊 二烯”。」 3.B理解词汇上一段提到，如果我们种树时不加留意的 话，我们可能会让空气变得更差。根据画线词后的“A study carried out by some of its researchers ..city trees did release isoprene”可知，公园部门的研究者在几年前的 研究中就发现城市中的树确实会释放异戊二烯。由此可 推断，公园部门并非没有察觉到这个问题，也就是说他们 注意到了这个问题。oblivious to的含义应为“不知道，未 察觉到”，unaware of的含义与之相似，故选B。 4.A[推断根据倒数第二段中Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to,if we just rethink our car-cen- tric lifestyle”可知，Auyeung认为如果我们能重新思考以汽 车为中心的生活方式，我们就可以种我们想种的任何树。 再结合文章主题可判断，Auyeung倡导的应该是减少汽车 使用，改变依赖汽车的生活方式，故选A。A项“在日常生 活中减少汽车的使用”：B项“为动物提供新的柄息地”；C 项“控制人口增长”；D项“做更多有关该问题的研究”。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与社会一科学研究—一A】辅 助植物碳封存 文章大意：本文介绍Slk研究所科学家利用AI工具SLEAP 优化植物根系，以增强植物固碳能力、延长碳储存时间，助力 应对气候变化，并通过跨学科合作实现科研突破。 l.A[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of...This optimization()aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the du- ration of its storage'”可知，研究所的科学家们正在通过增 强植物的根系，利用植物吸收二氧化碳的自然能力。这种 优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。由此可知， 科学家们希望通过优化植物根系在植物中储存更多的碳。 故选A。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据第二段中的“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira,SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab”可知，Pereira最初开发 SLEAP是为了追踪实验室动物运动，即开展动物研究。 故选B。 3.C[推断读题题目问“SLEAP将帮助科学家们做什 么？”。A项“在森林中挑出患病害的植物”；B项“收集植物 根系样本”；C项“识别理想植物根系的基因”：D项“保存濒 危植物基因”。] 4.C[推断读题题目问“从Pereira的话可推断出什 么？”。A项“学科同等重要”：B项“计算机编程是科学家的 必备技能”：C项“跨学科方法激发创造力”；D项“在研究中 合作胜过竞争”。] Passage 3 语篇类型：书评主题语境：人与社会一图书推荐—一A1 by Design 文章大意：本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥娜· 坎贝尔2022年度畅销书A1 by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence。书中探讨了当前人工智能的发 展趋势和即将到来的人工智能草命，呼吁技术公司和世界领 袖应与人工智能专家们达成共识、携手共进、共同面对。 l.C[理解词汇根据画线词后面的“but,thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades'professional experi- ence translating the heady into the understandable”可知，坎 贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化 为容易理解的东西。由此可见，画线的“In the wrong hands'”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写 这本书，故C项正确。competent'“足以胜任的，有能力的， 称职的”。A项“如果被受教育程度低的人阅读”；B项“如 果被怀有恶意的人评论”：C项“如果被不那么称职的人来 写”；D项“如果被不适合做学术的人来翻译”。] 2.B[推断根据第二段中的“She writes from the practical angle of a business person...a guide which is highly acces- sible and informative'”可知，她从一个商人的实际角度来写 作，使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。由此可 见，这本书的写作风格非常务实，故选B。down-to-earth “务实的，脚踏实地的”。] 3.C[理解具体信息·根据第三段中的“She says it is es sential that we keep control of artificial intelligence'"和第四 段中的“Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for Al-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently devel- oping it”"可知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的发展处于控制下， 并呼吁技术公司、世界领袖和人工智能专家携手应对，故C 项正确。] 4.AL理解目的根据最后一段“Al will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it'”并结合全 文可知，本文主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的书 Al by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelli- gence,故A项正确。A项“推荐一本关于人工智能的书”； B项“简述人工智能的历史”：C项“阐明人工智能的定义”： D项“向一位杰出的人工智能专家致敬”。] Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文通过介绍一个击效 以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序Project Debater以及它无 法理解意义的缺陷，说明了社会互动才是理解意义的关键 所在。 1.B「通读第一段内容可知，文章第一段提到以色列前国家 辩论冠军Noa Ovadia是为了说明Project Debater在辩论 方面比人类出色，故B项“为了展示Project Debater的聪 明”为正确选项。] 2.CL根据画线词的前一句“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make”可知，wrinkles指代errors, 故C项正确。] 3.B[根据第二段段尾的“There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about'”以及第三段段首的 "What Hammond is referring to...the most intelligent of machines'”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater做 不到的是理解意义，故B项“理解意义”正确。] 4.A「最后一段聚焦“意义的产生”，指出意义是通过社 会互动生成的，而非计算。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于 我们的大脑中，而且也存在于外部，存在于社会中，存在 于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。这也将人类和机 器区分开来，无论Project Debater看起来多么令人震惊， 从苏格拉底和孔子开始的传统不会因为人工智能而结 束。故A项“社会互动是理解符号的关键”可通过最后 一段得知。] 题组三 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与社会—科学与技术——科 技发展与创新 文章大意：本文介绍了巴塞罗那推出的MetroCharge项目： 地铁利用再生制动系统进行能量回收，并创新性地将部分回 收能量传输至车站地面充电站，生动诠释了科技创新驱动绿 色交通的理念。 1.C[理解具体信息读题题目问“巴塞罗那为什么发起 MetroCharge项目？”。A项“为了刺激城市经济”；B项“为 了改善乘客体验”；C项“为了促进绿色交通”；D项“为了提 高电动汽车质量”。] 2.D[理解具体信息根据第四段中Espinoza说的“Iam pleasantly surprised,because I am always looking for where to plug it in”可知，Espinoza关心的问题是在哪里能找到充 电桩。A项“如何节省出行费用”；B项“在哪里找停车位”： C项“怎样避开高峰期的交通”。] 3.D[推断根据第五段的内容，尤其是“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy...conventional brakes.That energy can be immediately used...car charg- ers”可知，本段着重介绍再生制动系统如何收集能量，这些 能量又如何被再次利用，即介绍了再生制动系统的运作机 制(working mechanism)。A项“它们的运行条件”；B项 “它们的传统标准”：C项“它们的潜在风险”。] 4.A[推断根据最后一段中Luna的话“the system is in- novative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redi- rected to specific local uses'”可知，Luna认为这一系统创造 性地使用回收能量。B项“它提高工人效率”；C项“它优先 考虑列车安全”；D项“它为当地人创造就业机会”。innova- tive十recycled energy+be redirected可以转换为uses re claimed energy creatively Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与社会一研究发现一识别 评论的真伪 文章大意：文章围绕一项关于虚假评论的研究展开，具体探 讨了消费者对正负评论的信任倾向、影响评论可信度的关键 因素，以及人工智能撰写虚假评论给甄别工作带来的挑战。 1.A[理解段落主旨要义第二段详细描述了研究使用的 数据集(1600条芝加哥酒店评论)、实验对象(400名受试 者)、评论分配方式（每人8条评论，真、假、正、负评论各2 条，随机排列)以及评论的撰写人，这些均属于研究设计的 范畴，故选A。] 2.D[理解词汇画线词所在句是由and连接的两个并列 分句，前一个分句讲一篇冗长的正面评论被认为是可疑 的，后一个分句表示参与者往往更信任那些撰写简短 glowing评论的评论者。由此可推知，画线词与前一个分 句中的positive意思相近，故选D。funny'“好笑的”；abu sive“漫骂的”；insightful“富有洞察力的”；praising“赞扬 的”。] 3.B[理解具体信息第三段的“The results show that con- sumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones”表明，消费者通常更信任负面评论，而非正面评论；第 四段的“A long,negative review of a hotel.,,tended to con vince participants”表明，一篇篇幅长且包含大量信息的酒 店负面评论往往能说服参与者；第四段尾句“The more dis- passionate that negative write-up,the more likely it was to take the reader in”表明，一篇负面评论的语气越冷静，就越 容易让读者信服。由此可知，不带感情色彩的负面评论最 容易让读者信任，故选B。] 4.D[推断最后一段的“increasingly,fake reviews are be ing written by Al,.which makes them look more real”表明， 越来越多的虚假评论正由人工智能生成，这使得它们看起 来更加真实。该段的“our limited ability to spot fake re- views”表明，人类识别虚假评论的能力有限。由此可推知， 因为人工智能技术的介入和人类识别能力的局限，未来辨 别虚假评论将会变得更加困难，故选D。] Passage 3 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一人与动物 理解猫的生活习性 文章大意：本文介绍了猫的生活习性，它们的叫声特别，能与 人类交流，嗅觉敏锐，能识别主人，许多猫会将在外面找到的 物品带给主人表达爱意。 1.A[理解具体信息读题本题问“从第一段中可以学到 关于猫的喵喵叫的什么信息？”。A项“它是一种生存技 能”；B项“它是猫妈妈教的”；C项“它很难解释”：D项“随 着年龄的增长，叫声越来越大”。 解题根据第一段中的“They are able to have entire con- versations with humans using meows...a pet cat is hun- gry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food" “Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat..,be fed"可知，用 喵喵叫和人对话。如果一只宠物猫饿了，它会不停地喵喵 叫以吸引注意力并找到食物。喵喵叫从小猫一出生就开 始了，小猫用它来吸引猫妈妈的注意并被喂食。由此可 知，喵喵叫是猫的生存技能。] 13 2.C[推断根据第二段的“They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger... looking for familiar smells”可知，猫用鼻子评估环境并留心 任何危险迹象。它们能够区分不同环境的另一种方法是 寻找熟悉的气味。由此可推断，猫通过检查气味来评估不 同的环境。故选C。] 3.D[理解词汇画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的 取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行为，它们会将在外面 找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意，故画线短语 所在部分表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物 方面做得更好。D项可以解释画线短语含义。] 4,B「理解文章主旨要义阅读文章可知，第一段介绍了猫 的惊人的发声技能，第二段介绍了猫的嗅觉敏锐，能够区 分不同的环境，第三段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习 惯，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。B项“理解猫的行为” 概括了文章内容，适合作标题。] 考点九阅读理解（热点话题类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会—一社会现象 用食物边角料制作美味 文章大意：本文主要讲迷了纽约的一家餐厅Blue Hill为了提 高人们对食物浪费的意识，通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳 肴，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念，为 解决可持续发展问题提供了一个参考。 l.A[推断根据题千中的“the author's early life'”可以定 位到第一段中的“growing up in South Africa'”。根据第一 段中的“the phrase‘there are children starving in Africa' was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a pray- er at dinner time'”可知，作者在南非长大，在那里“非洲有孩 子在挨饿”这句话与其说是在晚餐时的祷告，不如说是一 种提醒，使人想起令人不安的事实。据此可以推断，作者 小时候亲眼见证过食物短缺。故A项正确。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据题千中的Blue Hill可以定位到 第三段。根据第三段中的“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste”可知，Blue Hill进行 这项实验的目的是提高人们关于食物浪费的意识，故B项 正确。] 3.C[理解段落主旨要义根据第五段中的“none of the i- tems on wastED's menu was technically made from gar- bage”可知，wastED菜单上的东西不是由废料制作的：再由 下文中的“all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts...turned into excellent cuisine”可知，使用的所有配料都是大多数餐厅决不会考虑 提供的肉块和农产品，这些食材经过重新利用并在一些优 秀厨师的帮助下被转化为美味佳肴。由此可知，本段主要 讲述的是wastED菜单上的菜肴是由什么制成的。故C 项能够概括段落大意。] 4,A[推断根据最后一段中的“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu'”可知，尽管wastED收到了热情的评论，但这 从一开始设计的就是一个短暂的实验，而Blue Hill在实验 结束后又回到了它的常规菜单。据此可以推断，wastED 按原定计划实施完毕。故A项正确。] Passage 2 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会一科学与技术 一学习媒介的选择 文章大意：本文探讨了有纸化学习与无纸化学习的区别，并 提出用纸质书籍更容易让人投入、专心学，而电子书籍更容 易使人分心，故阅读印刷品比阅读电子书籍记得更多。 2