考点7 阅读理解(时事新闻类)-【创新大课堂】高考英语五年（2022-2026年）真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点七 阅读理解（时事新闻类） 题组一 Passage(2023·全国乙卷，8分) in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than What comes into your mind when you think:before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made of British food?Probably fish and chips,or a them much more confident about expanding their Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are British food really so uninteresting?Even though also getting more interested in cooking.The UK's ob- 救 Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive session (with food is reflected through television cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who scheduling.Cookery shows and documentaries about appear frequently on our television screens and food are broadcast more often than before.With an in- whose recipe books frequently top the best seller creasing number of male chefs on TV,it's no longer ® lists. 、 “uncool'”for boys to like cooking. It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any 1.What do people usually think of British food? advertising campaign that Britons are turning A.It is simple and plain. 抑 away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made B.It is rich in nutrition. meals and becoming more adventurous in their C.It lacks authentic tastes. cooking habits.It is recently reported that the D.It deserves a high reputation. number of those sticking to a traditional diet is 2.Which best describes cookery programme on slowly declining and around half of Britain's British TV? consumers would like to change or improve their A.Authoritative. B.Creative. cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the: C.Profitable. D.Influential. number of students applying for food courses at 3.Which is the percentage of the people using 带 UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV more diverse ingredients now? programmes have helped change what people A.20%. B.24%. think about cooking. C.25%. D.33%. According to a new study from market analysts,:4.What might the author continue talking about? 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes A.The art of cooking in other countries. on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Al- B.Male chefs on TV programmes most one third say they now use a wider variety of in- C.Table manners in the UK. gredients (than they used to,and just under 1: D.Studies of big eaters. 题组二 Passage1(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，10分) Transit- known as BART."You choose which 抵 Do you ever get to the train station and length you want and it gives you a receipt-like realize you forgot to bring something to read?short story. Yes,we all have our phones,but many of us still It's that simple.Riders have printed nearly 郑 like to go old school and read something printed.20,000 short stories and poems since the program 尔 Well,there's a kiosk (for that.In the was launched last March.Some are classic short San Francisco Bay Area,at least. stories,and some are new original works. 何 “You enter the fare gates(检票口)and Trost also wants to introduce local writers to you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can local riders."We wanted to do something where get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit story,"says Alicia Trost,the chief communications stories for a contest,"Trost says."And as of officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid right now,we've received about 120 submissions.The 45 winning stories would go into our kiosk and then to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into you would be a published artist. restaurant garbage cans. Ridership on transit(交通)systems across Producing food that no one eats wastes the the country has been down the past half century,water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it. so could short stories save transit? That makes food waste an environmental Trost thinks so. problem.In fact,Royte writes,"if food waste "At the end of the day all transit agencies were a country,it would be the third largest right now are doing everything they can to producer of greenhouse gases in the world." improve the rider experience.So I absolutely If that's hard to understand,let's keep it as think we will get more riders just because of simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. short stories,"she says. 、 Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time- And you'll never be without something to but for him,it's more like 12 boxes of donated read. strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is 1.Why did BART start the kiosk program? CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D. A.To promote the local culture. C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy B.To discourage phone use. meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 C.To meet passengers'needs. pounds of food by taking donations and collecting D.To reduce its running costs. blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise 2.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries? A.By popularity.B.By length. Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them C.By theme. D.By language. for use in meals down the road. 3.What has Trost been doing recently? Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we A.Organizing a story contest. just don't think."Everyone can play a part in B.Doing a survey of customers. reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more C.Choosing a print publisher. food than necessary in your weekly shopping or D.Conducting interviews with artists. by asking restaurants to not include the side dish 4.What is Trost's opinion about BART's future?you won't eat,Curtin says. A.It will close down. 1.What does the author want to show by telling B.Its profits will decline. the arugula story? C.It will expand nationwide. A.We pay little attention to food waste. D.Its ridership will increase. B.We waste food unintentionally at times. Passage2(2022·新高考I卷，8分) C.We waste more vegetables than meat. Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food D.We have good reasons for wasting food. that goes to waste.The arugula(芝庥菜)was to 2.What is a consequence of food waste according make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast to the test? chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm. friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation. chicken in the freczer.But as days passed,the3.What does Curtin's company do? arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly A.It produces kitchen equipment. bought way too much;I could have made six B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. salads with what I threw out. C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. In a world where nearly 800 million people a D.It makes meals out of unwanted food. year go hungry,"food waste goes against the4.What does Curtin suggest people do? moral grain,"as Elizabeth Royte writes in this A.Buy only what is needed. month's cover story.It's jaw-dropping how much B.Reduce food consumption. perfectly good food is thrown away-from "ugly" C.Go shopping once a week. (but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers D.Eat in restaurants less often. 46Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与自然—一自然科学一海平 面的历史 文章大意：本文主要介绍了作者对海平面的高度产生兴趣并 付诸研究、最终成书的过程。 1.C[理解具体信息读题题目问“作者在文章开头指明 了什么？”。A项“一些山在变高”；B项“可穿戴设备上的数 据具有误导性”；C项“高度是相对的概念”；D项“很难确定 参比点的具体位置”。] 2.B[理解段落主旨要义根据第三段的内容，尤其是第一 句中的“the book took shape during a summer spent be tween sea and mountains'”(这本书是一个夏天在山海之间 度假时成形的)以及最后一句“This is how】began my search for the conceptual history of sea level'”(这就是我如 何开始了对海平面概念史的研究)可知，本段主要讲的是 作者是如何开始他的研究的，故选B。A项“测高仪是如何 发明的”；B项“什么开启了作者的研究”；C项“为什么数字 读数会变化”；D项“作者在哪里度假”。] 3.C[理解词汇根据画线词前的“the issue of sea-level rise”及后面冒号后的“between then and the end of2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters...since 1993" (从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约为 1993年卫星记录以来总上升幅度的一半)可知，此处是对 海平面上升问题的讨论，因此，“it”指的应该是前面“the is- sue of sea-level rise”,故选C。] 4.B[推断根据第二段中的“We tend to forget that sea level...In this book I tell a story of these assumptions"( 们往往会忘记，海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产物。 在这本书中，我讲述了一个关于这些假设的故事)、第三段 中的“This is how I began my search for the conceptual his tory of sea level”(这就是我如何开始了对海平面概念史的 研究)和最后一段中的“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level'”(在这本书中，我研 究了平均海平面历史中的三个关键阶段)可知，海平面的 历史是这本书的核心，B项能够概括整本书的内容，故 选B。 Passage 3 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一一文学与艺术 一戏剧 文章大意：本文主要介绍了“Tom Sawyer:A River Adven ture”这一部教育戏剧的创作团队、主演及其他相关信息。 1.A[理解具体信息根据题千中的关键信息“music for ‘Tom Sawyer:A River Adventure,”可将答案定位至文章 第二段中的“with music by David Kisor'”,故选A项。] 2.C[推断根据题千中的关键信息“the two actors'”可将 答案定位在第四段和第五段。根据第四段中的“a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages""having played leading roles..”可知，Turner是舞台上的熟面孔，而且已经在其 他剧中担任过主角。第五段中提到“a Children's Theatre regular,with five shows to his credit”,即McMath是儿童 剧院的主演，并且己经完成了五场演出。由此可推出，他 们二人在舞台上都很有经验，故选C项。] 3.D[理解具体信息据最后一段中的“Note to teach- ers:Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through Tom Saw- yer'”可知，给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展 示了如何通过这部戏剧教授数学和科学，也就是儿童剧院 可以为老师提供教育资源，故选D项。A项“研究经费”：B 项“培训机会”：C项“技术支持”。] 11 考点七 阅读理解（时事新闻类） 题组一 Passage 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。英国的一些烹饪类电视 节目使更多的英国人改变饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。 l.A[根据第一段的“But is British food really so uninter esting?Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than- impressive cuisine'”可知，英国的食物通常被认为是简单 的、不吸引人的。故选A。 2.D[根据第二段最后一句“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking”可知， 英国的烹饪类电视节目对观众影响很大，改变了他们对烹 饪的看法。故选D。authoritative“权咸性的”；creative“富 有创意的”：profitable'“有利可图的”；influential“有很大影 响的”。] 3.D「厂根据第三段第二句“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients()than they used to" 可知，近三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更 丰富了，故选D。] 4.B[根据最后一段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it's no longer 'uncool'for boys to like cooking”可知，随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩 喜欢烹饪不再是“不酷”的事了。因此可推断，接下来作者 可能会介绍一些电视节目中的男厨师。故选B。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会一社会服务 阅读亭项目 文章大意：本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯 官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项 目，以便改善乘客的体验。 l.C[推断题千中的kiosk在第二段“there's a kiosk(小 亭)for that”中首次出现，句中的that指代文章第一段中的 "but many of us still like to go old school and read some- thing printed”,即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式，读一些印 刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭 项目，故答案为C。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据文章第三段中的“it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story" “You choose which length you want'”可知，你可以根据自 己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的 故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的，故答案为B。] 3.A[理解具体信息根据文章第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest""as of right now,we've received about 120 submissions”可知， 特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛，并且目前为止 收到了大约120份参赛作品，所以她是在组织故事比赛， 故答案为A。」 4.D[理解观点、态度根据第七段内容“Trost thinks so” 和第八段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more rid ers just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信 他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客，故答案为D。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们日常 生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行 官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 l,B[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us,Itry to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人 一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物。)”及“But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthink- ingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏 了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的 东西可以做六份沙拉。)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜 的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact,Royte writes,'if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world..’(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的 水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问 题。事实上，罗伊特写道，‘如果食物浪费是一个国家，它 将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。')”可知，根据文中的 说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。] 3.D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807.500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volun- teers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行 官，该公司把食物回收变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通 过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅 的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿 者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中 使用。)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作 食物。故选D。] 4.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,' Curtin says,(‘每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无 论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆 不提供你不吃的配菜，’科廷说。)”可知，科廷建议人们只 买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。] 考点八阅读理解（科普研究类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会现象一 技术产品的性别化 文章大意：本文围绕技术产品的性别化现象展开，描述了产 品性别化的好处和环处，引发人们对此现象的思考。 l,A[理解具体信息根据题千中的“making new technolo- gies genderless'”可将答案定位在第一段。“People are ster- eotyping(形成刻板印象)their gendered objects in very tra ditional ways”讲人们正在以非常传统的方式对他们的有 性别特征的物品形成刻板印象，“Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this" 将性别从人们的印象中完全清除似乎是解决这个问题的 一种简单方法，“making new technologies genderless'”是 “Removing gender from the picture altogether”的一种方 法，故让新技术去性别化是为了减少人们的刻板印象，A 项正确。B项“为了满足公众需求”；C项“为了降低生产 成本”；D项“为了鼓励竞争”。] 2.B[推断根据第二段的“In her study,Martin asked par- ticipants to rate their attachment to male,female,and gen- derless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as‘Miuu.’”可知，在Martin的研究中，她要求 参与者评估他们对男性、女性和无性别的数字语音助手和 名为“Miu山”的自动驾驶汽车的依恋程度。由此可推知，参 与者可能被要求响应一项调查，故选B。] 3.D[推断根据题千中的“is it difficult to create gender less objects”可将答案定位在第四段。第四段首句说Mar ti的研究发现创造一个去性别化的物体是困难的，接着举 例进行具体阐述，如果一个物体的名字听起来没有性别， 参与者仍然会给它分配性别。由此可推知，性别观念在人 们心中根深蒂固，故选D。A项“它们不能大批量生产”；B 项“给它们命名是一项具有挑战性的任务”；C项“人们认为 它们不可靠”。] 4.B[理解段落主旨要义第三、四段讲产品性别化可能强 化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念，且创造一个去性 别化的物体是困难的。最后一段首句however进行转折， 表明Martin看到了一丝希望，她相信拟人化“提供了一个 改变刻板印象的机会”，然后讲拟人化的产品可以被创造 出来，以承担与刻板印象不一致的角色，如一个帮助护理 的男性机器人或一个帮助计算的女性机器人。由此可知， 最后一段讲产品性别化在一定程度上可以帮助改变人们 的刻板印象，即产品性别化的好处，故选B。A项“去性别 化产品的特征”；C项“拟人化的意思”；D项“对男人和女人 的刻板印象”。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一自然科学研究 一微塑料污染及应对方法 文章大意：本文指出了微塑料污染的普遍性，并介绍了中国 研究人员的新发现：煮沸并过滤自来水可去除水中的微塑料 (效果取决于水的硬度)。 1.C[推断读题题目问“第一段中，作者是如何呈现问 题的？”A项“通过引用专家观，点”；B项“通过解释一个概 念”；C项“通过举例子”；D项“通过提供统计数据”。 解题第一段中作者通过列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山 脉、火山岩石、海鸟胃里和南极洲下的雪中的存在，来呈现 微塑料污染问题。因此，作者是通过举例子的方式来呈现 问题的。故选C。] 2.A[理解具体信息读题题目问“什么决定了聚集水中 微塑料的效果？”。A项“水的硬度”；B项“冷却时间长短”： C项“过滤频率”；D项“水中塑料类型”。 解题根据第三段第一句“Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)to trap the plastics"(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于水中含 有足够的碳酸钙来聚集塑料微粒)可知，水的硬度决定了 聚集水中微塑料的效果。下文补充说将含有300毫克碳 酸钙的硬质水(hard water)煮沸可使微塑料含量降低近 90%,但将碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本煮沸仅使微塑 料含量降低了25%。因此，水的硬度是影响聚集微塑料 效果的关键因素。] 3.B[推断读题题目问“通过在第四段中提及瓶装水作 者想要说明什么？”。A项“塑料回收的重要性”；B项“微塑 料问题的严重性”：C项“滥用纯净水的危害”：D项“污水处 理的难度”。 解题根据第四段“Stil,the findings show a potential path forward..a task that's becoming increasingly difficult... contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than origi- nally thought'”可知，减少微塑料接触这项任务正变得愈发 9