考点6 阅读理解(史地人文类)-【创新大课堂】高考英语五年（2022-2026年）真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点六 阅读理解（史地人文类） 111111111111111111 题组一 Passage1(2025·全国Ⅱ卷，7.5分) River Severn has a significant turn through town, English Market Towns to Visit in the UK almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town English market towns come in many shapes;Center.The shape creates a perfect market where 款 and sizes.Each has a personality shaped by the goods could be shipped and received using the goods and services produced and traded for river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere- 堂 centuries.But each town has more to do than hanging baskets,window boxes,and planters- shop. ！iust what you imagine in an attractive English Hereford,Herefordshire market town. Hereford has remained a lively market town Mevagissey,Cornwall since 1189.Skirting the town square,you'll find Even if you haven't been to the small fishing lovely shops,eateries,and the Black and White village Mevagissey,you've probably seen it in a 量 House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the;movie or British TV show.The working harbor most impressive building in town.It's also home (took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to 弥 to an ancient library.One of the four original sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. markets.Don't leave the harbor without a 杯 Ludlow,Shropshire traditional Cornish pie.It's delicious. 赵 Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of:1.Where can you find an original copy of the England.Butcher shops,greengrocers,bakeries, Magna Carta？ g and cheese shops line the town square.Bordering A.In the Ludlow Castle. the square,the Ludlow Castle is a"must explore" B.In the Foodie Center of England. medieval stronghold.The three-day Ludlow Food C.In the Hereford Cathedral. 尔 Festival is held each September. D.In the Black and White House Museum. Shrewsbury,Shropshire 2.What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? 问 Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from A.It's situated near a big island. London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The B.It's almost surrounded by water. 37 C.It's known for its flower festival. We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes D.It's easily accessible from London. that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing 3.What does the author suggest visitors do in weather and a raincoat if necessary. Mevagissey? Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen, A.Try the Cornish pie. and lunch. B.Watch a British TV show. No experience necessary.Training and tools C.Go fishing in the sea. will be provided.Fulfills(满足)community D.Take pictures of the harbor. service requirements. Passage2(2024·新课标I卷，7.5分) UPCOMING EVENTS HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural are Time Meeting Location as from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. Sunday,Jan.15 10:00 am We'll explore beautiful park sites while conduc- Battery Alexander Trailhead 1:00pm ting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Sunday,Jan.22 10:00am Stinson Beach Parking Lot Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sen- 2:30pm sitive resources and protecting endangered species Sunday,Jan.29 9:30 am across the ridges and valleys. Coyote Ridge Trailhead GROUPS 2:30pm Groups of five or more require special arrange- 1.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration ments and must be confirmed in advance.Please review Team? the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group A.To discover mineral resources. Project Request Form. B.To develop new wildlife parks. AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING C.To protect the local ecosystem. Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under D.To conduct biological research. the age of 15. 2.What is the lower age limit for joining the Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Habitat Restoration Team? Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have A.5. B.10. the parent/guardian approval section signed. C.15. D.18. 38 3.What are the volunteers expected to do? what was going to happen,historical fiction. A.Bring their own tools. Choosing what to read became easier. B.Work even in bad weather. But writing the end -that's hard.It's hard C.Wear a team uniform. for writers because endings carry so much weight D.Do at least three projects. with readers.You have to balance creating an Passage3(2024·全国甲卷，10分) ending that's unpredictable,but doesn't seem to "I didn't like the ending,I said to my come from nowhere,one that fits what's right for favorite college professor.It was my junior year of the characters. undergraduate,and I was doing an independent: That's why this issue (of Writer's study on Victorian literature.I had just finished Digest aims to help you figure out how to write reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot,:the best ending for whatever kind of writing and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.you're doing.If it's short stories,Peter Gracie,with all his patience,asked me to think Mountford breaks down six techniques you can about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He try to see which one helps you stick the landing. suggested I think about the difference between Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five endings that I wanted for the characters and great novels to see what key points they include endings that were right for the characters,and how you can adapt them for your work. endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't This issue won't tell you what your ending have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course,I should be-that's up to you and the story you're would have preferred a different ending for Tom telling-but it might provide what you need to and Maggie Tulliver,but the ending they got did get there. make the most sense for them. 1.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie? This was an aha moment for me,and I never A.To discuss a novel. thought about endings the same way again.From B.To submit a book report. then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed C.To argue for a writer. to be happy,I'd pick up a love romance.If I: D.To ask for a reading list. wanted an ending I couldn't guess,I'd pick up a2.What did the author realize after seeing Prof. mystery(悬疑小说).One where I kind of knew: Gracie? 39 A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences. these connections between different eras and B.Readers are often carried away by characters. cultures.We see scenes of children learning to C.Each type of literature has its unique read at home or at school,with the book as a ending. focus for relations between the generations. D.A story which begins well will end well. Adults are portrayed(描绘)alone in many 3.What is expected of a good ending? settings and poses -absorbed in a volume,deep A.It satisfies readers'taste. in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These B.It fits with the story development. scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, C.It is usually positive. but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in D.It is open for imagination. paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth 4.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and or faith of the subject.Before the wide use of the print- Elizabeth Sims? ing press,books were treasured objects and could be A.To give examples of great novelists. works of art in their own right.More recently,as B.To stress the theme of this issue. books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, C.To encourage writing for the magazine. artists have used them as the raw material for art- D.To recommend their new books. works-transforming covers,pages or even complete Passage4(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，10分) volumes into paintings and sculptures. Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a Continued developments in communication celebration of an everyday object the book, technologies were once believed to make the represented here in almost three hundred printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point artworks from muscumsaround theworld.Theof view,the printed book is cnancient,but image of the reader appears throughout history,it remains as interactive as any battery-powered in art made long before books as we now know e-reader.To serve its function,a book must be them came into being.In artists'representations activated by a user:the cover opened,the pages of books and reading,we see moments of shared parted,the contents reviewed,perhaps notes humanity that go beyond culture and time. written down or words underlined.And in In this "book of books,"artworks are contrast to our increasingly networked lives selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes where the information we consume is monitored 40 and tracked,a printed book still offers the chance 3.What do the underlined words "relate to"in of a wholly private,“of-line”activity. Paragraph 2 mean? 1.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.Understand. A.An introduction to a book. B.Paint. B.An essay on the art of writing. C.Seize. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.Transform. T D.A review of modern paintings. 4.What does the author want to say by mentioning the 2.What are the selected artworks about? e-reader? 園 A.Wealth and intellect. A.The printed book is not totally out of date. B.Home and school. B.Technology has changed the way we read. 版 即 C.Books and reading. C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D.Work and leisure. D.People now rarely have the patience to read. 题组二 Passage1(2026·全国I卷，10分) information,and whether it's in a more practical 带 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted or abstract way. 弥 an experiment to compare the cognitive(认知的) Across all participants,those in the beauty effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how group scored almost 14%higher on average than 抑 beautiful it is. the control group in abstract thinking.While they In the study,187 people were invited to visit were told the study was about cognitive Kettle's Yard gallery during an exhibition of processes, participants were asked about 抵 handmade clay objects. Participants were interests,with around half saying they had an 。 randomly divided into two groups:the"beauty":artistic hobby.Among those,the effect was group was asked to actively consider and then greater:those with an artistic hobby in the beauty 尔 rate the beauty of each object they viewed,while group scored over 25%higher on average for the control group just matched a line drawing of abstract thinking than those with an artistic 问 the object with the artwork itself.All participants hobby in the control group. were then tested on how they process Emotional states of participants were also 41 measured by asking about their feelings while A.Beauty group,with an artistic hobby. completing the gallery task.Across all B.Beauty group,without an artistic hobby. participants,those in the beauty group reported C.Control group,with an artistic hobby. an average of 23%higher levels of D.Control group,without an artistic hobby. "transformative and self-transcendent feelings"- 3.Why were the participants'emotional states such as feeling moved,enlightened and inspired- measured? than the control group.Importantly,however,the A.To discover their attitudes towards art. beauty group did not report feeling any happier B.To identify their specific thinking patterns. than the control group,suggesting that it was the C.To examine the difficulty of the tasks. engagement with beauty that influenced abstract D.To determine factors behind the test results. thinking,rather than any overall positivity from 4.What is the major finding of the study the experience. regarding the appreciation of art? "We usually think in very concrete terms A.It enhances emotional ties. when doing something on a screen,"said Simone B.It needs critical thinking skills. Schnall,senior author of the study."It's C.It creates positive feelings. becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the D.It encourages abstract thinking. mind wander,but that's when we think in ways Passage2(2026·全国Ⅱ卷，10分) that broaden our minds.Admiring the beauty of The peak of Mount Qomolangma,8,849 art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract meters above sea level.Chimborazo,6,263 m; cognitive processes. Mont Blanc,4,806 m;Pradidali hut,at the foot of 1.What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? the Pala group in the Dolomites,2,278 m.It is A.Draw their outlines. common practice to provide the elevation(高度) B.Give each piece a rating. of a place.Simple readings are now readily C.Compare their prices. available on our phones and wearables.But D.Make a copy of each piece. elevation is necessarily relative:only the choice of 2.Which participants got the highest score on a reference point allows us to express numerically average in the test? the height of an object or a location. 42 The idea of sea level as a reference point for half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since elevations has by now been around for so long as 1993. to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it:1.What does the author point out at the without even considering what it means.That the beginning of the text? concept has a history is easily ignored.We tend to A.Some mountains are getting higher. forget that sea level is a product of technically B.Data on wearables are misleading. and culturally determined assumptions.In this C.The concept of elevation is relative. book I tell a story of these assumptions. D.The reference point is hard to locate. Appropriately,the book took shape during a 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? summer spent between sea and mountains.A A.How the altimeter was invented. month after visiting the French Riviera and B.What initiated the author's research. enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton,I C.Why the digital readings varied. went hiking with friends in the Pala group. D.Where the author spent his holiday. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut,we 3.What does the underlined word "it"refer to in began discussing the readings offered by our the last paragraph? altimeters(测高仪).Why did they vary ever so A.The book. B.The project. slightly from one instrument to the next?This C.The issue. D.The development. sense of uncertainty led me to think about the 4.What can be the title of the book mentioned in meaning of zero.This is how I began my search the text? for the conceptual history of sea level. A.The Altimeter:A Must-Have In this book I examine three crucial stages in B.Sea Level:A History the history of mean sea level.These stages mirror C.Meaning of Zero:Nothing or Everything the development of human conceptions of the sea. D.Mountains to Seas:Ups and Downs Since I began thinking about this project in Passage3(2024·浙江卷1月，7.5分) August 2011,the issue of sea-level rise and the Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure need to place it historically have only become A 35-minute hand-clapping,foot-stomping more urgent:between then and the end of 2022 musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters,about with this Tall Stacks festival. 43 "Tom Sawyer:A River Adventure"has all School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. the good stuff,including the fence painting,the Note to teachers:Children's Theatre has a graveyard,the island and the cave.It is adapted study guide demonstrating how math and science by Joe McDonough,with music by David Kisor.can be taught through "Tom Sawyer".For That's the local stage writing team that creates downloadable lessons,visit the official website of many of the Children's Theatre of Cincinnati's Children's Theatre. original musicals,along with the holiday family 1.Who wrote the music for "Tom Sawyer:A River musicals at Ensemble Theatre. Adventure”? This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is A.David Kisor. Tom Sawyer,and Robbie MeMath of Fort B.Joe McDonough. Mitchell is Huck Finn. C.Nathan Turner. Turner,a 10th-grader at School for Creative D.Robbie McMath. and Performing Arts,is a familiar presence on 2.What can we learn about the two actors? Cincinnati's stages.He is a star actor of A.They study in the same school. Children's Theatre,having played leading roles in B.They worked together in'“Ragtime'”. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”and“The Wizard C.They are experienced on stage. of Oz",and is fresh from Jersey Production D.They became friends ten years ago. “Ragtime”. 3.What does Children's Theatre provide for MeMath is a junior at Beechwood High teachers? School.He was in the cast of“Tom Sawyer” A.Research funding. when it was first performed and is a Children's B.Training opportunities. Theatre regular,with five shows to his credit. C.Technical support. This summer he attended Kentucky's Governor's D.Educational resources. 443.C[推断根据题千中的“Piet Oudolf's gardens”可快速 将答定位到第三段。根据第三段的“adding artistic fla- vors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form,including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife..Beautiful year-round'”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园 在巧妙地利用色彩和表现形式的同时，在混合种植中增添 了艺术气息，包括四季皆宜的观赏性，并满足野生动物的 需求，这些花园全年都很美丽，故选C项tasteful'“高雅的， 雅致的，优美的”。odd-looking“外表怪异的，奇形怪状的”； wellprotected“受良好保护的”。] 4.A[理解文章主旨要义本文第一段引入话题“矩阵式” 种植方法，介绍该方法的目的和基本原则；第二段介绍该 方法的诞生及基本操作方式；第三段以Piet)udolf的花园 为例，讲述了采用该方法种植的花园的特色；第四段讲这 种花园是经过精心规划的：最后一段讲这样种植方法带来 的生态好处。由此可知，本文主要介绍了“矩阵式”种植方 法。文章的第一段是本文的主旨段，“A novel design ap proach to gardening has been gaining in popularity world- wide”表明“矩阵式”种植方法在全世界越来越受欢迎，即这 种方法是种植花木的未来：“it's based on an elegantly sim ple principle:to garden more like nature does'"表明“矩阵 式”种植方法的核心是侣导像大自然一样种植花木，即模仿自 然设计园林。故A项“园艺的未来是自然生长”最适合作本文 的标题。B项“大自然平等对待所有生命”：C项“‘矩阵式’花 园需要更多照看”；D项“老旧的花园地块创造奇迹”。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就喜欢观 察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的 学习之后，John通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了 “生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。 l.C[根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved prob- lems”和“When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions'”以及第二段中的两个问题可 以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项 正确。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。] 2.D[根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge 泥).，，placed them in the tanks”可知，John修建水箱是为 了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植 物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water'”表明了将 污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里 放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。] 3.B[上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心 句“Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs”"可知， 多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的 运河水是为了举例说明Jon的发明及其理念在实践中的 应用，故B项正确。A“为了回顾John的研究计划”：B“为 了展示John的理念的实际应用”：C“为了比较John的不同 工作”：D“为了消除对John的发明的怀疑”。] 4.A[本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream,for ex- ample,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making" 展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的 岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人 们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了 “生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修 复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems -12 develop their own ways to self-repair'”也印证了John的工作依 据就在于“自我修复“这一理念，故A项正确。门 题组三 Passage 1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了美国黄 石国家公园的四个护林员项目。 l.D[对比四个项目的时间信息可知，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone是最早开始的(May26)。故D项正确。] 2.D[根据Canyon Talks at Artist Point部分中的“while learning about the area's natural and human history”及本段 最后的“for this short talk”可知，这个简短的演讲是关于 Canyon这个地方的历史的。故D项正确。] 3.B[根据Photography Workshops部分中的“7/10.，meet at Washburn Trailhead”可知，7月l0日参加者要在这里碰 面。故B项正确。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过对一项新的研 究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类 键康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。 1,B[题千问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根 据第一段中的“access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find(城市居民越来越难以接触 大自然)”以及“it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见 的)”可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。」 2.D[题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原 因。根据第四段第一句话“Across the320 submissions,a pattern of categories..,began to emerge(在320份提交的 材料中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的类别模式开始 出现)”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中 找出类别规律。故D项正确。」 3.C[题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。 根据第五段所举的例子“the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break”可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内 可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自 然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。] 4.B题千问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些 什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话“And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with t(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互 动)”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B 项正确。 考点六阅读理解（史地人文类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一社会与文化 —一英国的特色集镇 文章大意：本文主要介绍了英国四个特色集镇，每个集镇均 以市场贸易为核心，同时具备独特的历史文化特色或自然 景观。 l.C[理解具体信息根据Hereford,Herefordshire部分中 "The Hereford Cathedral...One of the four original cop- ies of the Magna Carta is displayed there”可知，《大宪章》的 原件展示在赫里福德大教堂。故选C项。] 2.B[理解具体信息读题题千问“什鲁斯伯里镇中心的 一个特点是什么？”。A项“它位于一个大岛附近”；B项“它 几乎被水包围”；C项“它以花卉节闻名”：D项“从伦敦很容 易到达”。 解题根据Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分中的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center'”可知，塞文河在镇里 有一个显著的转弯，几乎使什鲁斯伯里镇中心成为一个岛 屿。由此可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选 B项。] 3.A[理解具体信息根据Mevagissey,Cornwall部分中的 "Don't leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It's delicious”可知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西尝试传统的 康沃尔馅饼。故选A项。 Passage 2 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一一公益事业与志 愿服务—一生物栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募 l.CL理解具体信息根据第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas""Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species”可知，生物柄息地修复 工作队恢复和保护自然区城，在恢复敏感资源和保护濒危 物种方面起到极其重要的作用。由此可见，生物栖息地修 复工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系统，故选C。] 2.BL理解具体信息根据AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are we come”可知，加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄是10 岁，故选B。] 3.B理解具体信息根据AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We'll be working rain or shine,,,Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary" 知，无论天气好坏，志愿者都会工作。由此可见，志愿者甚 至会在恶劣天气下工作，故选B。] Passage 3 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一文学与艺术 —一文学作品结尾的创作 文章大意：文章围绕文学作品结尾的创作展开，作者以自身 经历告诉读者不同类型的文学作品的结尾有不同的特点，好 的结尾要符合故事发展等。 l.A[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“】didn't like the ending,'I said to my favorite college professor""I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss""Prof.Gracie... think about it beyond whether I liked it or not'”可知，作者 刚读完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，她告诉教授自己不喜欢这部 小说的结尾，而教授让作者抛开个人喜好，好好思考一下 这部小说。由此可知，作者去找Gracie教授是为了讨论一 部小说。故选A。] 2.C[推断根据第二段中的“From then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy...historical fiction" 可知，从那时起，如果作者想读到幸福的结局，她就会选一 部爱情小说。如果想要一个猜不到的结局，她会选择悬疑 小说。如果想要大概猜到故事的发展，她会选择历史小 说。由此可推知，每一种文学类型都有其独特的结尾，故 选C。] 3.B[推断根据第三段中的“You have to balance creating an ending...one that fits what's right for the characters" 知，结局不能是凭空而来的，它需要适合角色。也就是说， 好的结尾要符合故事的发展，故选B。」 4,B[理解目的倒数第二段的首句提到这就是为什么本 期《作者文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何 一种文本写出最好的结局。接着作者以Peter Mountford 和Elizabeth Sims为例说明本期《作者文摘》具体会介绍哪 些技巧。由此可知，作者提及Peter Mountford和Eliza beth Sims是为了强调这期杂志的主题，故选B。] Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者 的艺术》让我们看到了超越文化与时间的共同人性。网络化 的生活中，电子书的推广并不能取代印刷书的使用，阅读印 刷书仍然是完全私人的活动。 l.A根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred art- works from museums around the world”可知，《阅读艺术： 书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆 的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可 以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。 2.C[根据第二段第一句和第二句中的“We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school...the gener- ations”可知，被选中的艺术品强调的是图书和阅读，故C 项正确。」 3.A[根据第二段尾句“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to”中的but表达的语境可知，这些场景可能是数百 年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线 词意为“理解”，A项正确。] 4.A[根据本文尾句“And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives...offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off-line'activity'”可知，在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们 所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书仍然提供 了一个完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。该句强调了印刷 书的价值，据此可知，作者提及电子书旨在说明印刷书并 未完全过时，故A项正确。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与社会一文化艺术一审美 体验对抽象思维的影响 文章大意：剑桥心理学家通过实验发现：主动欣赏并评判艺 术之美（而非仅仅观看）能显著提升人的抽象思维能力。 l.B理解具体信息根据第二段中的“the‘beauty'group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed”可知，“the beauty group”的任务是 评价每件作品的美，故选B。 2.A[推断根据第三段中的“Across all participants,those in the beauty group scored almost 14%higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking”可知，全体参与 者中，“the beauty group'”的抽象思雏平均分比对照组高出 近l4%。再结合第三段中的“those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25%higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group'”可知，“the beauty group'”中有艺术爱好的人 在抽象思雏方面的平均得分比对照组中有艺术爱好的人 高出25%以上，故选A。] 3.D[推断根据题目中的“emotional states”可将答案定位 到第四段。根据第四段中的“it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking,rather than any o- verall positivity from the experience”可知，“the beauty group'”并没有比对照组更快乐，这说明是品鉴美感本身影 响了抽象思雏，而非该体验带来的愉悦情绪。故可推知， 研究者评估情绪状态是为了排除情绪因素的千扰，从而找 到测试结果背后真正的影响因素，故选D。] 4.D[推断通读全文再结合最后一段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the ab stract cognitive processes'”可知，欣赏艺术之美可能是开 启抽象认知思雏的理想方式，即欣赏艺术促进抽象思 维。故选D。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与自然—一自然科学一海平 面的历史 文章大意：本文主要介绍了作者对海平面的高度产生兴趣并 付诸研究、最终成书的过程。 1.C[理解具体信息读题题目问“作者在文章开头指明 了什么？”。A项“一些山在变高”；B项“可穿戴设备上的数 据具有误导性”；C项“高度是相对的概念”；D项“很难确定 参比点的具体位置”。] 2.B[理解段落主旨要义根据第三段的内容，尤其是第一 句中的“the book took shape during a summer spent be tween sea and mountains'”(这本书是一个夏天在山海之间 度假时成形的)以及最后一句“This is how】began my search for the conceptual history of sea level'”(这就是我如 何开始了对海平面概念史的研究)可知，本段主要讲的是 作者是如何开始他的研究的，故选B。A项“测高仪是如何 发明的”；B项“什么开启了作者的研究”；C项“为什么数字 读数会变化”；D项“作者在哪里度假”。] 3.C[理解词汇根据画线词前的“the issue of sea-level rise”及后面冒号后的“between then and the end of2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters...since 1993" (从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约为 1993年卫星记录以来总上升幅度的一半)可知，此处是对 海平面上升问题的讨论，因此，“it”指的应该是前面“the is- sue of sea-level rise”,故选C。] 4.B[推断根据第二段中的“We tend to forget that sea level...In this book I tell a story of these assumptions"( 们往往会忘记，海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产物。 在这本书中，我讲述了一个关于这些假设的故事)、第三段 中的“This is how I began my search for the conceptual his tory of sea level”(这就是我如何开始了对海平面概念史的 研究)和最后一段中的“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level'”(在这本书中，我研 究了平均海平面历史中的三个关键阶段)可知，海平面的 历史是这本书的核心，B项能够概括整本书的内容，故 选B。 Passage 3 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会一一文学与艺术 一戏剧 文章大意：本文主要介绍了“Tom Sawyer:A River Adven ture”这一部教育戏剧的创作团队、主演及其他相关信息。 1.A[理解具体信息根据题千中的关键信息“music for ‘Tom Sawyer:A River Adventure,”可将答案定位至文章 第二段中的“with music by David Kisor'”,故选A项。] 2.C[推断根据题千中的关键信息“the two actors'”可将 答案定位在第四段和第五段。根据第四段中的“a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages""having played leading roles..”可知，Turner是舞台上的熟面孔，而且已经在其 他剧中担任过主角。第五段中提到“a Children's Theatre regular,with five shows to his credit”,即McMath是儿童 剧院的主演，并且己经完成了五场演出。由此可推出，他 们二人在舞台上都很有经验，故选C项。] 3.D[理解具体信息据最后一段中的“Note to teach- ers:Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through Tom Saw- yer'”可知，给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展 示了如何通过这部戏剧教授数学和科学，也就是儿童剧院 可以为老师提供教育资源，故选D项。A项“研究经费”：B 项“培训机会”：C项“技术支持”。] 11 考点七 阅读理解（时事新闻类） 题组一 Passage 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。英国的一些烹饪类电视 节目使更多的英国人改变饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。 l.A[根据第一段的“But is British food really so uninter esting?Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than- impressive cuisine'”可知，英国的食物通常被认为是简单 的、不吸引人的。故选A。 2.D[根据第二段最后一句“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking”可知， 英国的烹饪类电视节目对观众影响很大，改变了他们对烹 饪的看法。故选D。authoritative“权咸性的”；creative“富 有创意的”：profitable'“有利可图的”；influential“有很大影 响的”。] 3.D「厂根据第三段第二句“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients()than they used to" 可知，近三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更 丰富了，故选D。] 4.B[根据最后一段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it's no longer 'uncool'for boys to like cooking”可知，随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩 喜欢烹饪不再是“不酷”的事了。因此可推断，接下来作者 可能会介绍一些电视节目中的男厨师。故选B。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会一社会服务 阅读亭项目 文章大意：本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯 官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项 目，以便改善乘客的体验。 l.C[推断题千中的kiosk在第二段“there's a kiosk(小 亭)for that”中首次出现，句中的that指代文章第一段中的 "but many of us still like to go old school and read some- thing printed”,即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式，读一些印 刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭 项目，故答案为C。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据文章第三段中的“it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story" “You choose which length you want'”可知，你可以根据自 己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的 故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的，故答案为B。] 3.A[理解具体信息根据文章第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest""as of right now,we've received about 120 submissions”可知， 特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛，并且目前为止 收到了大约120份参赛作品，所以她是在组织故事比赛， 故答案为A。」 4.D[理解观点、态度根据第七段内容“Trost thinks so” 和第八段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more rid ers just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信 他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客，故答案为D。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们日常 生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行 官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 l,B[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us,Itry to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人