考点4 阅读理解(社会生活类)-【创新大课堂】高考英语五年（2022-2026年）真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点四 阅读理解（社会生活类） 111111111111111 题组一 Passage1(2025·浙江1月，7.5分) Interlibrary Loan Fees Interlibrary Loan ILL)provides teachers, Article/ students and staff with access to books that are Library Type Loan Cost Chapter Cost checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as 救 well as digitized copies of articles and book Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 堂 Current students,teachers(including retired) International Libraries $25 $15 and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former 1.Who can use the ILL service? r students,guest borrowers or fee-card holders. A.Former students. B.Guest borrowers. How Long Does It Take? C.Retired teachers. D.Fee-card holders. Articles are usually received within 1-22.What is a rule for borrowing a print book days and books in 5-10 days.However, through ILL? obtaining items that are rare,recently published A.Pay an extra fee for delivery. or in high demand may take longer.To speed up B.Renew it before the due date. the process,please make sure the information you 量 C.Pick it up at the lending library. submit through the ILL Request Form is D.Return it when it is recalled. accurate. 3.How much do you pay for two articles obtained 弥 Length of Loans from an international library? Loan periods are established by the lending A.$15. B.$20. library.All due dates are noted on the label. C.$24. D.$30. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the Passage2(2023·新课标I卷，10分) lending library.Any restrictions established by 剂 The goal of this book is to make the case for the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals()are allowed for physical items digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration borrowed through ILL. of what it asks and why it works,and then to 抵 Notification/Delivery Options teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you For a physical item,you will be notified by decide it's right for you. 蝶 email when it arrives.Items are picked up at one To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In 郑 of our libraries-the one you selected in the IL part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of Request Form.For an article or book chapter,youdigital minimalism,starting with an examination of the will be notified by email when it is available.To forces that are making so many people's digital lives 出 obtain the article or chapter,click on the link increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed provided in the email and log into your ILI discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. account.Once in your account,select Electronic Part one concludes by introducing my suggested Articles Received. method for adopting this philosophy:the digital 25 declutter.This process requires you to step away from practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your the thirty days,you will then add back a small number particular circumstances. of carefully chosen online activities that you believe 1.What is the book aimed at? will provide massive benefits to the things you value. A.Teaching critical thinking skills. In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. you through carrying out your own digital C.Solving philosophical problems declutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment D.Promoting the use of a digital device. I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed 2.What does the underlined word "declutter"in to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these Paragraph 3 mean? participants'stories and learn what strategies A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. worked well for them,and what traps they C.Check-in. D.Take-over. encountered that you should avoid. 3.What is Presented in the final chapter of part one? The second part of this book takes a closer A.Theoretical models. look at some ideas that will help you cultivate B.Statistical methods. a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In C.Practical examples. these chapters,I examine issues such as the D.Historical analyses. importance of solitude (and the necessity 4.What does the author suggest readers do with of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the the practices offered in part two? time most now spend on mindless device use. A.Use them as needed. Each chapter concludes with a collection of B.Recommend them to friends. practices,which are designed to help you act on C.Evaluate their effects. the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these D.Identify the ideas behind them. 题组二 Passage1(2025·全国I卷，10分) Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had While safety improvements might have been moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s made to our streets in recent years,transport led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local studies also show declines in pedestrian()park.Describing her alarm at its proposed mobility,especially among young children.Many replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs parents say there's too much traffic on the roads called on her mayor()to champion"New York for their children to walk safely to school,so they as a decent place to live,and not just rush through. pack them into the car instead. Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te 1960s and 1970s as well. Brommelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their: Although these campaigns were widespread, new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets the reality is that the majority of the western and Trans form Our Lives,they call for a rethink of cities were completely redesigned around the our streets and the role they play in our lives. needs of the motor car.The number of cars on Life on city streets started to change decades roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to now have over twenty million cars for just over make way for new road networks and kids had to twenty-six million people,among the highest rate play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.of car ownership in the world. 26 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush If people are similar and tend to make the same through,but we fail to account for the true errors,then their errors won't cancel each other costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of society when children can't move safely around crowds requires that people's estimates be our communities?The authors of Movement have independent.If for whatever reasons,people's it right:it's time to think differently about that errors become correlated or dependent,the street outside your front door. accuracy of the estimate will go down. 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas Paragraph 1? offered an interesting twist (on this classic A.Cars often get stuck on the road. phenomenon.The key finding of the study was B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. that when crowds were further divided into C.People walk less and drive more. smaller groups that were allowed to have a D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. discussion,the averages from these groups were 2.What were the Canadian journalist and other more accurate than those from an equal number campaigners trying to do? of independent individuals.For instance,the A.Keep their cities livable. average obtained from the estimates of four B.Promote cultural diversity. discussion groups of five was significantly more C.Help the needy families. accurate than the average obtained from 20 D.Make expressways accessible. independent individuals. 3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in In a follow-up study with 100 university Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? students,the researchers tried to get a better A.They boosted the sales of cars. sense of what the group members actually did in B.They turned out largely ineffective. their discussion.Did they tend to go with those C.They won government support. most confident about their estimates?Did they D.They advocated building new parks. follow those least willing to change their minds? 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? This happened some of the time,but it wasn't A.Why the Rush?B.What's Next? the dominant response.Most frequently,the C.Where to Stay?D.Who to Blame? groups reported that they "shared arguments and Passage2(2023·新课标I卷，10分) reasoned together.Somehow,these arguments On March 7,1907,the English statistician and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in Francis Galton published a paper which;error. illustrated what has come to be known as the Although the studies led by Navajas have "wisdom of crowds"effect.The experiment of limitations and many questions remain the estimation he conducted showed that in some potential implications for group discussion and cases,the average of a large number of decision-making are enormous. independent estimates could be quite accurate. 1.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? This effect capitalizes on the fact that when A.The methods of estimation. people make errors,those errors aren't always B.The underlying logic of the effect. the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, C.The causes of people's errors. and some to underestimate.When enough of these D.The design of Galton's experiment. errors are averaged together,they cancel each 2.Navajas'study found that the average accuracy other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate. could increase even if 27 A.the crowds were relatively small C.The discussion process. B.there were occasional underestimates D.The individual estimates. C.individuals did not communicate 4.What is the author's attitude toward Navajas'studies? D.estimates were not fully independent A.Unclear. 3.What did the follow-up study focus on? B.Dismissive. A.The size of the groups. C.Doubtful. B.The dominant members. D.Approving. 题组三 Passage(2024·浙江卷1月，10分) cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on When was the last time you used a telephone various subjects there.And these books were box?I mean to make an actual phone call-not free.This unbeatable price point encouraged me to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right?The to experiment with dozens of titles that I would last time I used a phone box for its intended never normally consider buying.And I've discovered purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions some great books! (试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in If I ever get trapped outside my house again, London.Hoping to impress some talented actors my local telephone box will,sadly,no longer be to come and work for me for nothing,I spread able to connect me with my keys.But it can some throws over the sofas and lit candles to certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my make it seem a bit more“young professional”. wife to rescue me. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper 1.What does the word "it"underlined in the first baskets,the door swung shut behind me.Suddenly I paragraph refer to? was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside, A.The play. B.The shared house. but luckily there was a telephone box across the C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. street.So,I called Directory Assistance,got put 2.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? through to our landlady's managing agent,and A.To place an urgent call. had a spare key sent to me with just enough time B.To put up a notice. to get back in before the actors arrived. C.To shelter from the rain. As it has been many years since I last used D.To hold an audition. one,I should hardly be surprised that there are 3.What do we know about the "mini community no longer any public telephones near my house. library”? The last one standing has just been turned into a A.It provides phone service for free. “mini community library”:any passer--by can B.Anyone can contribute to its collection. “borrow”a book from its shelves,and return it C.It is popular among young readers later,or replace it with another title from their D.Books must be returned within a month. own collection. 4.Why did the author start to use the "library"? For a few months after the“library”opened, A.He wanted to borrow some love stories. I didn't bother taking a look,as I had assumed B.He was encouraged by a close neighbour. that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love C.He found there were excellent free books. stories.Then I noticed folk conducting spring D.He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 284.A[推断根据最后一段的“I walked into class believing that writing is important...my students demonstrated something more important to me""the ability to connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be human”可知，最初走进教室时，作者认为写作 的重要性在于它是沟通的工具，但学生们向作者展示了其 更深刻的意义，即连接人心、共情他人、理解人性，这体现 了A项的“教学相长”。B项“静水流深”；C项“知识就是 力量”；D项“热能生巧”。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一公共服务 提供医疗服务的列车Saint Lukas 文章大意：Saint Lukas列车为俄罗斯一些偏远地区提供医疗 服务。 l.C[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains”和“doc- tors and nurses on board provide rural()populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions" 知，Saint Lukas列车是政府资助的医疗列车，列车上有医 生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗等，故C项“它的作 用相当于一个医院”符合题意。] 2.D[推断第三段首句提到俄罗斯的公共医疗服务急需 现代化。再结合第三段中的“address the problem,particu- larly in the poorer,rural areas...arranging doctor's ap- pointments...motivate doctors to practice medicine in re- mote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk”可以推知， Krasnoyarsk是俄罗斯一个贫穷的、医疗条件差的偏远乡 村，故D项“它需要医疗援助”符合题意。] 3.DL理解具体信息根据第四段中的“For10 months ev ery year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给)”可知，该列车每年有十个月都会进行这样 的工作：在大约八个站点停留两周多，然后返回补充燃料 和补给。因此，该列车一次补给可以工作两周左右，故 选D。] 4.A[理解态度根据最后一段中Ducke的话“I was very impressed""They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want'”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas列车服务的态度是赞赏的。故选A。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政 府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的使康问题， 同时该收入用于学校体育。 l.C[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks contai- ning more than 5g of sugar per 100 mL,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).（该税于20l6年4月 首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在 帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童 减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax..(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超 过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。)”可知，一些饮料 公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。门 3.D[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alco- -12 holic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year..（然而，一些高 糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变， 因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大 多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司 也是免税的。)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高 糖品牌。故选D项。 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today's figures, according to one government official,show the positive in- fluence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (and healthier eating in schools. (根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影 响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。)”可 推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。] 考点四阅读理解（社会生活类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自我一生活与学习 一图书馆间的互借服务 l.C[理解具体信息根据Who Can Borrow？部分中的 "Current students,teachers(including retired)and staff can request items through ILI”可知，在校生、教职工（包括退 休教师)可以通过L申请借书，故选C。 2.D[理解具体信息根据Length of Loans部分中的“Bor rowed items are subject to recall by the lending library" 知，外借物品由外借图书馆收回。由此可知，通过IL借 阅的纸质书，当它被收回时，需要归还，故选D。] 3.D[理解具体信息根据表格中的“Article/Chapter Cost” 所在列和“International Libraries'”所在行可知，在国际图书 馆借阅一篇文章需要花15美元，故借两篇文章需要花15 ×2=30(美元)，故选D。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文向读者介绍了一本 书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义生 活方式的方法。 l.B[根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”、第二段中的“digital lives'”和最 后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可 知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。] 2,A[根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表 示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。] 3.CL根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter" “You'll hear these participants'stories”可知，第一部分的 最后一章提供了真实的例子。门 4.A[根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifes- tyle that works for your particular circumstances”可知，作 者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活 方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会一历史、社会与文 化—一城市交通与生活 文章大意：近年街道安全改善，但行人（尤其是儿童）的活动 能力下降，家长因交通隐患多开车送孩子上学。荷兰作者 Thalia Verkade和Marco te Brommelstroet对此类现象不满， 在他们的新书中呼吁重新思考街道在我们生活中的作用。 作者认同新书观，点，呼吁重新审视街道规划。 1.C[理解具体信息读题题目问“在第一段中作者指出 了什么现象？”。A项“汽车经常在路上堵塞”；B项“交通事 故频繁发生”：C项“人们步行更少，开车更多”：D项“行人 未能遵守规则”。 解题根据第一段可知，交通研究也显示行人（尤其是儿 童)的活动能力在下降。许多家长表示道路上车流量太 大，孩子步行上学不安全，因此他们选择开车送孩子。故 选C。 2.A「理解具体信息读题题目问“那位加拿大记者和其 他活动人士试图做什么？”。A项“保持他们城市的宜居 性”：B项“促进文化多样性”：C项“帮助贫困家庭”；D项 “使高速公路通达”。 解题根据第三段中的“Describing her alarm at its pro posed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (to champion'New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.,"可知，Jane Jacobs 描述了当得知公园计划被高速公路取代时的恐慌，她呼吁 市长将纽约建设成一个宜居的好地方，而不仅仅是一个人 们匆匆而过的地方。故选A。livable是decent place to live 的同义转换。] 3.B[推断读题题目问“关于20世纪60年代末和20 世纪70年代澳大利亚的运动，可以推断出什么？”。A项 “它们促进了汽车销售”；B项“它们在很大程度上被证明无 效”；C项“它们赢得了政府支持”：D项“它们倡导建设新公 园”。 解题根据第四段中的“Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car'”可知，尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数 西方城市都围绕着机动车的需求进行了彻底的重新设 计。再结合最后一段中的“We invest a lot,.,.but we fail to account for the true costs'”可知，这些运动并没有解决 真正的需求，说明在很大程度上它们是无效的运动。故 选B。」 4,A[理解文章主旨要义文章的核心批判是当前的城市 规划和交通方式（以车为主）让人们“匆勿而过”(rush through),只追求通行效率(help us rush through),却忽视 了这种“勿忙”(rush)带来的社会成本（如儿童失去安全活 动的空间，活动能力下降)。作者呼吁重新思考街道的作 用，让城市成为生活的地方，而不仅仅是通道。A项“Why the Rush?”(我们为何要如此匆忙？)直接，点明了文章质疑 的核心一一这种追求速度、忽视生活质量的“多忙”是否有 必要？它是否值得付出如此高的社会代价？这个标题最 能引发学生的批判性思考。B项“接下来是什么？”：C项 “待在何处？”：D项“谁负责？”。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨群 体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。 1.B[通读第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的 底层逻辑。故选B项。门 2.D[结合第二段中的“In more technical terms,the wis dom of crowds requires that people's estimates be inde- pendent'”和第三段中的“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discus- sion,.independent individuals'”可知，Navajas的研究发 现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依 旧会提升。故选D项。] 3.C[第四段说在随后对100名大学生的研究中，研究人员 发现，团队讨论中起决定作用的是队员们能集体辩论 (shared arguments and reasoned together),因此选C。] -12 4.D[最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是 从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的， 由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。] 题组三 Passage 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会一社会进步 电话亭的变迁。 文章大意：作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并 发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”， 这为社区提供了新的价值。 l.B[理解词汇根据第一段中的“I was conducting audi- tions ()for my play in my tiny old shared house in Lon- don”和“I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more‘young professional'”可推断出， 作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留 下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。」 2,A[推断根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二 段提到作者被锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“there was a tele phone box across the street'”,因此作者打电话拿到了备用 钥匙，才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，在2006年作者 使用电话亭是为了拔打紧急电话，故选A项。] 3.B[理解具体信息根据题千中的“mini community li brary”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a‘mini commu nity library':any passer-by can...or replace it with anoth- er title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人都能 用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说任何 人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选B项。A项 “它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”；D 项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。] 4.C[理解具体信息根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这 个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意 到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。 这个无与伦比的价格，点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会 考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作 者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始 使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。] 考点五阅读理解（生态环保类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自然一一环境保护一 全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型方案 文章大意：文章主要围绕全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型 展开，说明不同交通方式有特定燃料需求，全球能源转型中 可再生能源需求巨大。 1,C「理解具体信息题目问“2018年公路车辆在全球交通 排放中所占百分比是多少？”。根据文中第一张图中的相 关数据“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%”和“ROAD (G))DS)29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总 占比为45.1%十29.4%=74.5%。故选C项。」 2.C[理解具体信息题目问“娜种交通方式相对容易实现 绿色转型？”。根据文中第二张图中“TRAINS一Electrici- y”部分的描述可知，火车使用电能作为能源，一些火车已 经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现 电气化。相对图中描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料转型， 火车绿色转型更简单。故选C项。] 3.B[理解具体信息根据文中最后一段Wipke的话“We need to speed up..used”可知，Wipke认为需要加快绿色 能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项“加大对可再 生能源的投入”与文意相符。故选B项。]