考点3 阅读理解(教育与健康类)-【创新大课堂】高考英语五年（2022-2026年）真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点三 阅读理解（教育与健康类） 111111111111111 题组一 Passage1(2025·浙江1月，10分) Allowing kids to eat what they want also When I was a child I was often told what not:exposes them to the natural consequences of their to eat..“You don't want to get fat”was on decisions.“When your child says,,‘My stomach T constant repeat toroughout my childhood.It hurts,'you can say,'Well you had a lot of sugary really messed up my relationship with food- foods and you might feel better if you made some something that took me years to overcome. other choices,'"says Markey."Let them feel like ® they have some control over it. Because of this,I'm careful not to connect what I've been trying out these strategies and I've my kids weigh with their worth as people.I; found that when I'm less restrictive,they do make 即 encourage my daughter to make healthy snack better decisions."Feeding is a long game,"says choices and often dissuade()her from a Markey."The food you bave available makes a second dessert.But one day when I heard herhuge difference.Even if they don't eat it,they're saying"I think I'm too fat,"my heart sank.Itseeing it.And then all of a sudden it elicks." made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks1.What can be inferred about the author from the 量 was having an unintentionally negative impact. first paragraph? According to Charlotte Markey,a professor A.She is upset by her kids'weight. of psychology,food is one of the rare subjects B.She is critical of the way she was fed. where,as parents,saying less is more."There are C.She is interested in making food. so many things in parenting that are good to talk D.She is particular about what she eats. through,but I'm not convinced that food is one of 2.Which of the following would Markey disapprove 赵 them,"she says."It just creates some worries and of? A.Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. insecurities in kids that aren't necessarily B.Offering various foods to kids at fixed healthy.” times, 抵 Instead,she recommends applying a well- C.Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. 蝶 known concept among nutrition experts called the D.Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 郑 “Division of Responsibility,”where parents 3.What should kids do according to the"Division provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their of Responsibility'”? kids at fixed times,and the kids themselves decide A.Make diet decisions on their own. 问 what and how much they want to consume-even B.Share their food with other kids if that means occasionally eating more cookies C.Eat up what is provided for them. than carrots. D.Help their parents do the dishes. 17 4.What does the author think of the strategies that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable she has been following? gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have A.Costly. B.Complex. a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education C.Workable. D.Contradictory. students,many of whom have emotional control Passage2(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，10分) issues..“They get outside,”she says,“and they feel Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting successful.” cabbage sound like tough work for middle and 1.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby A.She used to be a health worker. Jaramillo,who with another teacher started B.She grew up in a low-income family. Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four C.She owns a fast food restaurant. low-income schools.The program aims to help D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. students develop seience skills,environmental 2.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the awareness,and healthy lifestyles. start of the program? Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods A.The kids'parents distrusted her. B.Students had little time for her classes. where fresh food and green space are not easy to C.Some kids disliked garden work. find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery D.There was no space for school gardens. stores."The kids literally come to school with bags of snaeks and bottefsot drinks,3.Which of the following bestdeseribes the impact of the program? she says."They come to us thinking vegetables A.Far-reaching. are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful. B.Predictable. Though some are initially scared of the insects C.Short-lived. and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try D.Unidentifiable. something new. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? Urban Sprouts'classes,at two middle schools A.Rescuing School Gardens and two high schools,include hands-on experiments B.Experiencing Country Life such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection, C.Growing Vegetable Lovers tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in D.Changing Local Landscape the garden.Several times a year,students cook Passage3(2023·浙江1月，10分) the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally Live with roommates?Have friends and make salads for their entire schools. family around you?Chances are that if you're Program evaluations show that kids eat more looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle,not vegetables as a result of the classes."We have everyone around you will be ready to jump on students who say they went home and talked to that bandwagon. their parents and now they're eating differently, I experienced this when I started switching Jaramillo says. to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago,as I was She adds that the program's benefits go beyond living with my parents,and I continue to nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening experience this with my husband,as he is not 18 completely zero waste like me.I've learned a few yourself if others comment on what you're doing, things along the way though,which I hope you'll which can turn itself into a whole household find encouraging if you're doing your best to debate.If you have individuals who are not on figure out how you can make the change in a not-board,your words probably won't do much and always-supportive household. can often leave you feeling more discouraged. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement So here is my advice:Lead by action. a few years back.I remember showing my parents1.What do the underlined words "jump on that a video of Bea Johnson,sharing how cool I bandwagon"mean in the first paragraph? thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, A.Share an apartment with you. and have so little trash!A few days later,I came B.Join you in what you're doing. back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, C.Transform your way of living. and my dad commented on how silly it was for me D.Help you to make the decision. to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit 2.What was the attitude of the author's father discouraging. toward buying groceries with jars? Yet as the months of reducing waste continued,I: A.He disapproved of it. did what I could that was within my own reach.I B.He was sympathetic to it. had my own bedroom,so I worked on removing C.He was tolerant of it. things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries D.He didn't care about it. (洗漱用品)，I was able to start personalising my3.What can we infer about the author? routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to A.She is quite good at cooking. cook every so often,so I portioned out a bit of B.She respects others'privacy. the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. C.She enjoys being a housewife. Perhaps your household won't entirely make the D.She is a determined person. switch,but you may have some control over your 4.What is the text mainly about? own personal spaces to make the changes you A.How to get on well with other family members. desire. B.How to have one's own personal space at home. As you make your lifestyle changes,you C.How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. may find yourself wanting to speak up for D.How to control the budget when buying groceries. 题组二 Passage1(2025·全国Ⅱ卷，10分) than 70,000 plants.Her success is just one When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online example of increased time at home leading to an shop selling houseplants,she didn't have high explosion in the houseplant industry. hopes for it.But the opposite happened:She was “Plants are in fashion right now,”says Dr.. flooded,shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 Melinda Knuth,a researcher from the University alone.In the past year,Detrinidad sent out more:of Florida."People who live in plant-rich 19 environments report a higher life satisfaction3.What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning rating,”she says.“Adding more nature to our doctors and lawyers? environment can change our mood and how we A.The necessity of social skills. think."Plants can improve our state of mind in a B.The meaning of sustainability. few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our C.The importance of repeated efforts. level of cortisol,the stress hormone (in our D.The value of professional opinions. body. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? "Students who are around plants perform A.Time to Replace Houseplants B.Plants Boost Your Mood better academically than students who are in a C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants classroom without plants,”says Knuth.“This D.Plants Brighten Your Home productivity also translates into the workplace for Passage2(2024·浙江卷1月，10分) adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖)test decrease in sick leave for people who were in 、 was originally conducted by psychologist Walter plant-rich workplaces. Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to If you're among the groups of people who are six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A enjoying the mental and physical health benefits single sugary treat,selected by the child,was of surrounding yourself with plants,don't beat;placed on a table.Each child was told if they yourself up if one (or a few!)doesn't make it.waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, "Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice they would be given a second treat.Then they law and you should allow yourself the practice it were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an with the children later in life showed a connection exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. taking care of it,but if it dies,go get another: As adults we face a version of the marshmallow one,"Detrinidad says. test every day..We're not tempted(诱惑)by 1.How was Detrinidad's business when it started? sugary treats,but by our computers,phones, A.It faced tough competition. and tablets -all the devices that connect us to B.It suffered a great loss. the global delivery system for various types of C.It got lots of financial support. information that do to us what marshmallows do D.It went surprisingly well. to preschoolers. 2.What is one of Knuth's findings about plants? We are tempted by sugary treats because our A.They appeal more to students. ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world,and our B.They purify the environment. brains developed a response mechanism to these C.They raise the cortisol level. treats that reflected their value-a feeling of D.They enhance productivity. reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped 20 the world around us,dramatically reducing the 4.Which of the following is the best title for the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we text? still have the same brains we had thousands of A.Eat Less,Read More years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans why so many of us struggle to resist tempting C.The Later,the Better foods that we know we shouldn't eat. D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups A similar process is at work in our response Passage3(2022·新高考I卷，8分) T to information.Our formative environment as a The elderly residents(居民)in care homes in species was information-poor,so our brains developed London are being given hens to look after to stop a mechanism that prized new information.But them feeling lonely. 園 global connectivity has greatly changed our The project was dreamed up by a local information environment.We are now ceaselessly charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and bombarded(轰炸)with new information. p improve elderly people's wellbeing.It is also Therefore,just as we need to be more thoughtful 、 being used to help patients suffering dementia,a about our caloric consumption,we also need to be serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes more thoughtful about our information consumption, have reported a reduction in the use of medicine 称 resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" where hens are in use. in order to manage our time most effectively. Among those taking part in the project is 80- 量 1.What did the children need to do to get a second year-old Ruth Xavier.She said:"I used to keep treat in Mischel's test? hens when I was younger and had to prepare their 弥 A.Take an examination alone. breakfast each morning before I went to school. B.Show respect for the researchers. "I like the project a lot.I am down there in 令 C.Share their treats with others. my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out 烂 D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 2.According to Paragraph 3,there is a mismatch and down there again at night to see they've gone between to bed.” A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites "It's good to have a different focus.People 抵 B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs have been bringing their children in to see the C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains hens and residents come and sit outside to watch D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit them.I'm enjoying the creative activities,and it 尔 3.What does the author suggest readers do? feels great to have done something useful." A.Absorb new information readily. There are now 700 elderly people looking 问 B.Be selective information consumers. after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,and C.Use diverse information sources the charity has been given financial support to D.Protect the information environment. roll it out countrywide. 21 Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on the A.She has learned new life skills. project,said:"Residents really welcome the idea B.She has gained a sense of achievement. of the project and the creative sessions.We are C.She has recovered her memory. looking forward to the benefits and fun the D.She has developed a strong personality. project can bring to people here. 3.What do the underlined words“embark on” Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways, mean in Paragraph 7? said:"We are happy to be taking part in the project.It: A.Improve. B.Oppose. will really help connect our residents through a shared C.Begin. D.Evaluate. interest and creative activities." 4.What can we learn about the project from the 1.What is the purpose of the project? last two paragraphs? A.To ensure harmony in care homes. A.It is well received. B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged. B.It needs to be more creative. C.To raise money for medical research. C.It is highly profitable. D.To promote the elderly people's welfare. D.It takes ages to see the results. 题组三 Passage1(2025·全国I卷，10分) As a new unit started,I asked everyone to In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father of their choice.This time they found the exercise who demanded his son earn straight A's,and a much more interesting.For the next two modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed her parents rejected the love of her young life. by a creative-writing workshop,I only required More than once,I found myself wondering just that the piece meet the specifications of its genre :(体裁)and that it contain a thesis..The results how my students,who'd created these people,: were staggering.The students took on diverse knew their subjects so well. topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each, But things were different for their first with characters that broadened my view and essay,which was about the question:"Why is touched my heart. writing important?"Most of the essays filled less I walked into class believing that writing is than one page,and few contained a sentence that important as a means of communication.However,my could be interpreted as a thesis ()statement. students demonstrated something more important to I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away was the question itself.They could have written with a yearbook full of messages about writing's pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,most powerful significance-the ability to connect in and of itself,simply didn't strike them as people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us important.This would have to change. what it means to be human. 22 1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of: Russia's public health care service has been Paragraph 1? in serious need of modernization.The government A.Ninth graders. has struggled to come up with measures to B.Students'parents. address the problem,particularly in the poorer, C.Modern writers. rural areas east of the Volga River,including D.Fictional characters. arranging doctor's appointments by video chat 2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing and expanding financial aid programs to motivate their first essay? doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the A.They were not given enough time. country like Krasnoyarsk. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is C.They misunderstood the question. another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 D.They had little interest in the topic. months every year,the train stops at about eight 3.What does the underlined word"staggering"in stations over two weeks,before returning to the paragraph 3 mean? regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). A.Mixed. B.Amazing. Then it starts all over again the next month.Most C.Similar. D.Disturbing. stations wait about a year between visits. 4.What does the author's experience show? Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. A.Teaching is learning. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. B.Still waters run deep. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their C.Knowledge is power. assistants working and living in such little space D.Practice makes perfect. Passage2(2024·全国甲卷，10分) but still staying focused and very concerned, says Ducke."They were the best chance for many The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers-it accepts only the sick.The Saint rural people to get the treatment they want. Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical 1.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains that travel to remote towns in central and trains? eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two A.It runs across countries. days,and during that time the doctors and nurses B.It reserves seats for the seniors. on board provide rural(乡村)populations with C.It functions as a hospital. basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions. D.It travels along a river. "People started queuing to make an appointment2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about early in the morning,says Emile Ducke,a Krasnoyarsk? German photographer who traveled with the staff A.It is heavily populated. of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November B.It offers training for doctors. through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk C.It is a modern city. and Khakassia. D.It needs medical aid. 23 3.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one However,some high sugar brands,like Classic supply? Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are A.About a year. B.About ten months. refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. C.About two months.D.About two weeks. Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic 4.What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies Lukas'services? manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. Today's figures,according to one government C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is Passage3(2022·全国乙卷，8分) having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks (and healthier eating in schools.Helping the has brought in half as much money as Ministers next generation to have a healthy and active childhood first predicted it would generate,the first official;is of great importance,and the industry is playing its data on the policy has shown. part. First announced in April,2016,the tax1.Why was the sugar tax introduced? which applies to soft drinks containing more than A.To collect money for schools. 5g of sugar per 100 mL,was introduced to help B.To improve the quality of drinks. reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).It is believed C.To protect children's health that today's children and teenagers are consuming D.To encourage research in education. three times the recommended level of sugar,2.How did some drinks companies respond to the putting them at a higher risk of the disease. sugar tax? Initially the sugar tax was expected to make A.They turned to overseas markets. 520m a year for the Treasury.However,data B.They raised the prices of their products. of the first six months showed it would make less C.They cut down on their production. than half this amount.At present it is expected to D.They reduced their products'sugar content. generate f240m for the year ending in April 3.From which of the following is the sugar tax 2019,which will go to school sports. collected? It comes after more than half of soft drinks A.Most alcoholic drinks. sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by B.Milk-based drinks. manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying C.Fruit juices. the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos D.Classic Coke. of sugar as a result of manufacturers'efforts to4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures. sugar tax policy? Since April drinks companies have been forced to A.It is a short-sighted decision. pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary B.It is a success story. drink they produce or import,depending on the C.It benefits manufacturers. sugar content. D.It upsets customers. 24up in the limited time'”可知，文中描述的是几乎完全错过了 日落，之后安置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说 他们比预想的到达得晚。故C项正确。] 4.B[根据第四段中的“Still,looking back on the photos.,, if I would have been prepared and managed my time wise- y”可知，虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗 憾，作者依然认为这是一些自己拍的最好的照片。故B项 正确。] 考点三阅读理解（教育与健康类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我一家庭生活一 孩子饮食教育 文章大意：作者通过自身经历引出对孩子饮食教育方式的探 讨，建议父母语言适度，并基于“责任分工”这一理念来帮助 孩子建立健康饮食习惯。 1.B[推断第一段前两句讲在作者小时候，作者经常被告 知哪些食物不能吃，“你不想变胖”这句话在作者的童年时 期不断被重复。然后讲父母这种喂养方式对作者的影响， p"It really messed up my relationship with food-some- thing that took me years to overcome”(它真的破坏了我与 食物的关系一一我花了很多年才克服)。由此可推知，作 者对父母的喂养方式进行了批判，故选B。A项“她对孩子 的体重感到烦恼”；C项“她对制作食物感兴趣”；D项“她对 自己吃的东西很挑剔”。] 2.C[推断根据第二段Charlotte Markey所说的话 "There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through,but I'm not convinced that food is one of them”可知，在养育子女时，很多事情是值得详细讨论的， 但食物不在其中，故C项“向孩子解释吃零食的风险”是 Charlotte Markey不主张的。A项“偶尔允许孩子吃饼 干”：B项“在固定时间为孩子提供各种食物”：D项“在吃饭 时间和孩子谈论学习”。门 3.A[理解具体信息根据题千的“Division of Responsibil- ity”可将答案定位在第三段。根据该段的“where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times,and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume'”可知，根据“责任分工”理念， 父母被建议在固定的时间为孩子提供各种各样的基本健 康的食品，孩子们自己决定他们吃什么和吃多少，故选A。 B项“与其他孩子分享食物”：C项“吃完提供给他们的东 西”：D项“帮助他们的父母洗碗”。门 4.C[理解观点、态度根据最后一段的“I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less re- strictive,they do make better decisions”可知，作者一直在 尝试这些策略，作者发现当自己对孩子的限制更少时，他 们确实做出了更好的决定。由此可知，作者认为她遵循的 策略是有效果的，故C项workable“可行的，行得通的”正 确。costly“代价高的，损失大的”；complex“复杂的，难懂 的”；contradictory'“相互矛盾的，对立的”。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了学校莱 园项目Urban Sprouts的启动背景、目的、内容和意义。 l.D根据第一段中的“says Abby Jaramillo,who with an other teacher started Urban Sprouts”可知，Abby Jaramillo 是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人。故D项正确。] 2.C[本题问的是在这个项目初创时Jaramillo面临的一个 问题是什么。根据第二段中的“The kids..,,come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are 人 awful'”“some are initially..turned off by the dirt'”可知， 这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题就是她的一些学生不 喜欢千菜园的活儿。故C项正确。门 3.A[根据最后一段可知，这个学校菜园项目不仅能让学生 吃得更有营养，而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成 功。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。] 4.C[通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起 Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开 始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为 本文标题。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在最开始尝试“零浪 费”生活方式时，家人并不理解地的做法，但地仍然坚持并建 议读者用行动引领生活方式的转变。 l.B[根据画线部分前的“Live with roommates?”“Have friends and family around you?”及“looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle”提及的对生活方式的渴望，再根据下 文描述的作者在生活方式的选择上与家人不同时的经历 可推断，此处表示当你想选择更加可持续的生活方式时， 不是身边的所有人都会加入其中，故B项与画线词组的意 思最为接近。] 2.A[根据第三段中的“my dad commented on..jars every w here'”可知，父亲对作者在“零浪费”生活方式上做的尝试 并不赞同，故A项正确。] 3.D[根据第三段中的“how silly it was”“a bit discourag ig”可知，作者在最开始尝试可持续生活方式时并不顺利， 未获得家人支持。根据第二段中的“I experienced this., zero waste like me”及下文内容可知，作者仍然坚持自己的 “零浪费”生活方式。由此可知，虽然在生活方式上的转变 未获得家人的支持，但她依然坚持，可见她是一个意志坚 定的人，故D项正确。] 4.C[文章第一、二段讲述了在家庭生活中实行“零浪费”生 活方式可能遭遇反对，第三、四段讲述了作者自身如何通 过行动在家庭中改变生活方式，第五段讲述了当你改变生 活方式时，你可能遭逼的情况，第六段讲述了作者给读者 的建议，再根据第二段尾句中的“how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household"可知，文章主 要内容与如何在家庭生活中实现“零浪费”生活方式有关， 故C项正确。 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然一一人与植物一 绿植对健康的影响 文章大意：文章通过Sonja Detrinidad室内盆栽植物网店的 成功案例，引出绿植对人们情绪和思维影响的相关研究，最 后建议人们以耐心和学习的态度对待植物养护」 l.D[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrin idad opened her online shop selling houseplants,she didn't have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened:She was flooded,shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone" 知，Detrinidad起初对生意并不抱有很高的期望，但结果相 反，订单量非常大。由此可知，Detrinidad的生意出乎意料 地顺利，故选D。 2.D「理解具体信息根据第三段中的“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30%decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces”可知，这种生产 力提升同样适用于成年人的工作环境。研究表明，在植物 茂盛的办公场所中，员工的病假率下降了30%。由此可 知，植物能提升工作效率，故选D。门 3.C[推断读题题目问“Detrinidad试图通过提及医生 和律师来解释什么？”。A项“社交技能的必要性”；B项“可 持续的意义”；C项“反复努力的重要性”；D项“专业观点 的价值”。 解题根据最后一段中的“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant”可知，作者通过提及医 生和律师需要“练习”说明养护植物也需要反复尝试和学 习。因此，Detrinidad谈及医生和律师是为了解释反复努 力的重要性。故选C。] 4.B[理解文章主旨要义综观全文可知，文章从一个网店 的室内盆栽植物销售火爆说起，介绍绿植对人们情绪和思 维影响的相关研究，倡导栽培室内盆栽植物的健康生活， 故B项作文章标题最佳。A项“是时候更换室内盆栽植物 了”：B项“植物改善你的情绪”；C项“选择室内盆栽植物 的建议”：D项“植物，点亮你的家”。 Passage 2 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与自我一做人与做事 —一儿童棉花糖实验的启示 文章大意：文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖 实验引出作者观，点一一身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量 信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。 l,D[理解具体信息根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验 的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15mi nutes before eating the treat,they would be given a second treat”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二 份奖励，故选D项。 2.C[理解具体信息根据题千中“mismatch”这一关键词 将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the cost and ef- fort involved in obtaining calories,we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart..,,we shouldn'teat”。由此句可知，我们获取 热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们 能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千 年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，故选C项。A项 “热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我 们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的 大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。门 3.B[推断根据最后一段中的“Therefore..we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental'junk food'in order to manage our time most effectively”可知，作者建议我们要谨 慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信 息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作 者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，故选B项。A项 “欣然接受新信息”：C项“使用多样化的信息源”：D项“保 护信息环境”。] 4.D[理解文章主旨要义本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最 初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影 响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息 大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的 诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重，点介绍了 成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D项。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述旨在减少 孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。 l,D[推理判断题。根据第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing.(该项目由当地一家慈 12 善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可 知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。] 2.B[推理判断题。根据第五段“It's good to have a differ ent focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful.’(‘有不同的关注，点很好。人们把自 己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜 欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。’)”可推知， Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。 3.C[词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Residents really wel- come the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here..'(‘居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和 创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处 和乐趣。')”以及画线处前的“one of the first(第一批人之 一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，画线 处的含义与C项：“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C。] 4.A[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here,'(‘居民们非常欢迎该项目的想 法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来 好处和乐趣。’)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:'We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities..'(‘诺丁山 路径’的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：‘我们很高兴能参与这个 项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和剑造性活动真正帮助我们 的居民联系起来。’)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。门 题组三 Passage 1 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会—一教育—一写作 课的教学启示 文章大意：本文讲述了一位写作课老师的教学经历。学生最 初对写作的重要性缺乏理解，但在作者调整教学主题后，他 们的创作热情和成果令人惊叹，这让作者认识到写作最有影 响力的意义在于连接人心、传递人性。 1.D[推断第一段首句讲在作者九年级写作课上，作者遇 见了一个骑马牧人、一位严厉的父亲和一个当代的“朱丽 叶”。再根据第一段第二句可知，这些人都是作者的学生 创作的。由此可推知，这些人应都是学生在写作中创作的 虚构人物，故选D。A项“九年级学生”是创作者：B项“学 生的父母”未提及：C项“现代作家”与文意不符。] 2,D[推断根据题千中的“their first essay”将答案定位在 第二段。第二段前两句讲学生的第一篇作文的题目是“写 作为什么重要？”，结果大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没 有能被称作论点的句子，即学生写作表现不好。然后作者 对此进行了思考，意识到问题出在题目本身，学生能就电 脑的必要性写几页文字，却压根不觉得写作本身有何重 要。再结合第三段的“This time they found the exercise much more interesting”可推知，学生们的第一篇文章写得 不好是因为学生对写作的重要性缺乏兴趣，故选D。 3.B[理解词汇根据画线词后的“The students took on di verse topics and turned in stories...touched my heart" 知，这一次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事篇篇10 到20页长，角色既拓宽了作者的视野，又触动了作者的内 心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是令人惊叹的，故 画线词与B项的含义最为接近。A项“混合的”：C项“相 似的”：D项“令人不安的”均不符合语境。] 2 4.A[推断根据最后一段的“I walked into class believing that writing is important...my students demonstrated something more important to me""the ability to connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be human”可知，最初走进教室时，作者认为写作 的重要性在于它是沟通的工具，但学生们向作者展示了其 更深刻的意义，即连接人心、共情他人、理解人性，这体现 了A项的“教学相长”。B项“静水流深”；C项“知识就是 力量”；D项“热能生巧”。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一公共服务 提供医疗服务的列车Saint Lukas 文章大意：Saint Lukas列车为俄罗斯一些偏远地区提供医疗 服务。 l.C[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains”和“doc- tors and nurses on board provide rural()populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions" 知，Saint Lukas列车是政府资助的医疗列车，列车上有医 生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗等，故C项“它的作 用相当于一个医院”符合题意。] 2.D[推断第三段首句提到俄罗斯的公共医疗服务急需 现代化。再结合第三段中的“address the problem,particu- larly in the poorer,rural areas...arranging doctor's ap- pointments...motivate doctors to practice medicine in re- mote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk”可以推知， Krasnoyarsk是俄罗斯一个贫穷的、医疗条件差的偏远乡 村，故D项“它需要医疗援助”符合题意。] 3.DL理解具体信息根据第四段中的“For10 months ev ery year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给)”可知，该列车每年有十个月都会进行这样 的工作：在大约八个站点停留两周多，然后返回补充燃料 和补给。因此，该列车一次补给可以工作两周左右，故 选D。] 4.A[理解态度根据最后一段中Ducke的话“I was very impressed""They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want'”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas列车服务的态度是赞赏的。故选A。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政 府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的使康问题， 同时该收入用于学校体育。 l.C[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks contai- ning more than 5g of sugar per 100 mL,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).（该税于20l6年4月 首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在 帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童 减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax..(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超 过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。)”可知，一些饮料 公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。门 3.D[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alco- -12 holic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year..（然而，一些高 糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变， 因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大 多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司 也是免税的。)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高 糖品牌。故选D项。 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today's figures, according to one government official,show the positive in- fluence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (and healthier eating in schools. (根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影 响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。)”可 推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。] 考点四阅读理解（社会生活类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自我一生活与学习 一图书馆间的互借服务 l.C[理解具体信息根据Who Can Borrow？部分中的 "Current students,teachers(including retired)and staff can request items through ILI”可知，在校生、教职工（包括退 休教师)可以通过L申请借书，故选C。 2.D[理解具体信息根据Length of Loans部分中的“Bor rowed items are subject to recall by the lending library" 知，外借物品由外借图书馆收回。由此可知，通过IL借 阅的纸质书，当它被收回时，需要归还，故选D。] 3.D[理解具体信息根据表格中的“Article/Chapter Cost” 所在列和“International Libraries'”所在行可知，在国际图书 馆借阅一篇文章需要花15美元，故借两篇文章需要花15 ×2=30(美元)，故选D。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文向读者介绍了一本 书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现极简主义生 活方式的方法。 l.B[根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”、第二段中的“digital lives'”和最 后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle”可 知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。] 2,A[根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表 示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。] 3.CL根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter" “You'll hear these participants'stories”可知，第一部分的 最后一章提供了真实的例子。门 4.A[根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifes- tyle that works for your particular circumstances”可知，作 者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活 方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会一历史、社会与文 化—一城市交通与生活 文章大意：近年街道安全改善，但行人（尤其是儿童）的活动 能力下降，家长因交通隐患多开车送孩子上学。荷兰作者 Thalia Verkade和Marco te Brommelstroet对此类现象不满， 在他们的新书中呼吁重新思考街道在我们生活中的作用。 作者认同新书观，点，呼吁重新审视街道规划。