做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 4（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖说明文阅读高频词汇及阅读技能，以“真题再现—核心词汇梳理—词形变换拓展—应用练习巩固”为主线组织知识点，通过问题导向的选词填空、单词默写等任务，引导学生自主构建词汇网络，形成从认知到应用的完整学习链。 亮点在于融合语言能力与学习能力培养的个性化设计，如板块四Group A/B选词填空、板块五单句语法填空等自测工具，帮助学生自主诊断词汇薄弱点。语篇翻译任务强化词汇在语境中的运用，教师可依据学生练习反馈精准辅导，有效提升学生自主复习效率与备考实效。

高考高频单词 DAY 4（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）] The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. "I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in," Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. "And if it is from energy from the trains' brakes, then even better." Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city's economy. B. To enhance passengers' experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. 33. What is Espinoza's concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers' efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 效率 green transportation 绿色交通 concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 担忧；关切 working mechanism 工作机制subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ 地铁 burst of energy 能量爆发；能量释放 package /ˈpækɪdʒ/ 一整套；包 tackle /ˈtækəl/ 应对；处理；解决 shift /ʃɪft/ 转变；转换 MetroCharge 地铁充电（项目名称） remainder /rɪˈmeɪndə/ 剩余部分 plug-in station 充电站；插入式充电桩 pleasantly surprised 惊喜的 plug /plʌɡ/ 插入；接通电源 regenerative brakes 再生制动器 electric motor 电动机 braking /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/ 制动的；刹车 conventional brakes 传统制动器 accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ 加速 innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ 创新的 redirect /ˌriːdəˈrekt/ 重新导向；改变方向 boost /buːst/ 提高；促进 reclaimed energy 回收的能量 slide /slaɪd/ 滑动 cable /ˈkeɪbəl/ 电缆 conventional /kənˈvenʃənəl/ 传统的 electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/ 电的；电学的 engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ 工程师 charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ 充电；收费 generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ 产生；发电 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ 创新 — innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ 创新的 — innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ 创新 — innovator /ˈɪnəveɪtə/ 创新者 — innovatively /ˈɪnəveɪtɪvli/ 创新地 2. efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ 高效的 — efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 效率 — efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/ 高效地 — inefficient /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/ 低效的 — inefficiency /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 低效率 3. accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ 加速 — acceleration /əkˌseləˈreɪʃən/ 加速 — accelerator /əkˈseləreɪtə/ 加速器 — accelerating /əkˈseləreɪtɪŋ/ 加速的 — accelerative /əkˈselərətɪv/ 加速的 4. conventional /kənˈvenʃənəl/ 传统的 — convention /kənˈvenʃən/ 传统；惯例 — conventionally /kənˈvenʃənəli/ 传统地 — unconventional /ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənəl/ 非传统的 — conventionality /kənˌvenʃəˈnæləti/ 传统性 5. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ 产生 — generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ 产生；一代 — generator /ˈdʒenəreɪtə/ 发电机 — generative /ˈdʒenərətɪv/ 有生产力的 — regeneration /riːˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ 再生 6. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ 电的 — electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/ 电学的 — electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ 电 — electrify /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ 使电气化 — electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ 电子的 7. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ 充电 — charger /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/ 充电器 — recharge /riːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 再充电 — discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 放电；卸货 — chargeable /ˈtʃɑːdʒəbəl/ 可充电的；应收费的 8. shift /ʃɪft/ 转变 — shifting /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/ 不断变化的 — shiftless /ˈʃɪftləs/ 偷懒的；无能的 — shifty /ˈʃɪfti/ 不可靠的 — reshift /riːˈʃɪft/ 重新转移 9. concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 担忧 — concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ 担忧的 — concerning /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/ 关于 — unconcerned /ˌʌnkənˈsɜːnd/ 不关心的 — concernment /kənˈsɜːnmənt/ 重要事项 10. direct /dəˈrekt/ 指导；方向 — redirect /ˌriːdəˈrekt/ 重新导向 — direction /dəˈrekʃən/ 方向 — directly /dəˈrektli/ 直接地 — indirect /ˌɪndəˈrekt/ 间接的 11. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持；剩余 — remainder /rɪˈmeɪndə/ 剩余部分 — remaining /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/ 剩余的 — remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ 剩余物；遗迹 — remanent /ˈremənənt/ 残余的 12. surprise /səˈpraɪz/ 使惊讶 — surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ 惊讶的 — surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ 令人惊讶的 — surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ 令人惊讶地 — unsurprising /ˌʌnsəˈpraɪzɪŋ/ 不令人惊讶的 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：subway, package, tackle, shift, remainder, plug-in, pleasantly, accelerate, conventional, boost） 1. The government has introduced a __________ of measures to reduce air pollution. 2. Many cities are trying to __________ the problem of traffic congestion. 3. There has been a __________ in public attitudes towards renewable energy. 4. After paying all the bills, the __________ of the money was donated to charity. 5. The new __________ stations make it easier for electric car owners to charge their vehicles. 6. She was __________ surprised when she received the award. 7. The car can __________ from 0 to 60 miles per hour in just five seconds. 8. __________ farming methods often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers. 9. Taking regular exercise can __________ your immune system. 10. I take the __________ to work every day because it is faster than driving. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：regenerative brakes, electric motor, braking, innovative, redirected, efficiency, concern, mechanism, reclaimed energy, engineer） 11. The __________ is powered by electricity rather than gasoline. 12. __________ are used in many modern cars to recover energy during deceleration. 13. The __________ system of the machine is very complex. 14. The teacher expressed __________ about the students' poor performance. 15. The __________ of the braking system has been greatly improved. 16. The company uses __________ to power its office buildings. 17. The __________ designed a more efficient solar panel system. 18. The __________ force of a car depends on the condition of its tires. 19. The __________ solution to the problem saved both time and money. 20. The funds were __________ to support environmental protection projects. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The city's __________ (innovate) approach to public transportation has won international recognition. 22. Modern machines can work with great __________ (efficient) and accuracy. 23. The __________ (accelerate) of the train was so smooth that passengers barely noticed it. 24. It is __________ (convention) to shake hands when meeting someone for the first time. 25. The __________ (generate) of electricity from renewable sources is increasing every year. 26. The ________ (electric) engineer was responsible for maintaining the power system. 27. The development of the project has entered a new stage of progress due to his _________(innovative) and perseverance. 28. Residents expressed their __________ (concern) about the safety of the nuclear plant. 29. The __________ (remain) of the food were thrown into the garbage can. 30. The tourists were __________ (surprise) by the beauty of the ancient temple. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 31. The new s__________ line will connect the city center with the airport. 32. The government is taking measures to t__________ environmental pollution. 33. There has been a s__________ from traditional energy to renewable energy. 34. R__________ brakes can recover energy that would otherwise be lost as heat. 35. The e__________ of the machine has been improved by 20%. 36. Solar panels g__________ electricity from sunlight. 37. The new system is i__________ and has no precedent in the world. 38. The car needs to be c__________ before we can drive it again. 39. The p__________ station for electric cars is located in the parking lot. 40. The e__________ checked all the equipment carefully before starting the project. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Public transportation systems around the world are adopting innovative technologies to reduce their environmental impact. The Barcelona subway system has introduced a MetroCharge project that recovers energy from braking trains. This reclaimed energy is used to power the trains and stations, with the remainder being sent to surface plug-in stations for electric cars. This approach kills two birds with one stone: it makes public transportation more efficient while supporting the shift to electric vehicles. The system is a perfect example of how technology can help us tackle climate change. Passage B Regenerative brakes are not a new invention. They have been used in trains for decades. However, the Barcelona project is innovative because it redirects the recovered energy to specific local uses. An engineer who uses the subway daily expressed his pleasant surprise at being able to charge his car with energy from train brakes. This creative use of reclaimed energy boosts the overall efficiency of the city's energy system. It also reduces the demand for electricity from conventional power plants. Passage C The working mechanism of regenerative brakes is relatively simple. When a train slows down, an electric motor acts as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the moving train into electrical energy. In a conventional braking system, this energy would be wasted as heat. However, with regenerative brakes, the energy is captured and can be used immediately to accelerate the vehicle or sent elsewhere for other purposes. This technology not only improves energy efficiency but also reduces wear on the braking components, making the system more durable and cost-effective. 板块七：参考译文（Passage 4 全文翻译） 巴塞罗那地铁驶入车站，车门滑开，乘客们涌出车厢去忙各自的事情。他们几乎不知道，在他们这样做的同时，一股能量被输送到地面，为一辆电动汽车充电。 巴塞罗那已经整合了一整套清洁能源技术，以帮助公共交通更加环保，同时也为应对气候变化和帮助欧洲艰难地向私人拥有的电动汽车市场转型贡献力量。 巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新的MetroCharge项目的一部分，该项目利用地铁列车刹车的能量为列车和车站本身供电，而剩余的能量则通过电缆输送到地面，为私人拥有的车辆的充电站供电。 贝尔纳多·埃斯皮诺萨是一名每天乘坐地铁的工程师，他拥有一辆电动汽车。“我非常惊喜，因为我一直在寻找充电的地方，”埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一个工薪阶层区域乘坐地铁前说道。“如果用的是列车刹车的能量，那就更好了。” 再生制动器在列车中已经使用了数十年，也用于一些汽车中。它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机收集制动动作中使用的能量——这些能量在传统制动器中会以热量的形式损失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。 电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，该系统具有创新性，因为它能够将回收的能量重新导向特定的本地用途——在这种情况下是为附近停放的电动汽车充电。他说，这提高了效率。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 地铁 __________ 能量爆发；能量释放 __________ 一整套；包 __________ 应对；处理；解决 __________ 转变；转换 __________ 地铁充电（项目名称） __________ 剩余部分 __________ 充电站；插入式充电桩 __________ 惊喜的 __________ 插入；接通电源 __________ 再生制动器 __________ 电动机 __________ 制动的；刹车 __________ 传统制动器 __________ 加速 __________ 创新的 __________ 重新导向；改变方向 __________ 提高；促进 __________ 效率 __________ 绿色交通 __________ 担忧；关切 __________ 工作机制 __________ 回收的能量 __________ 滑动 __________ 电缆 __________ 传统的 __________ 电的；电学的 __________ 工程师 __________ 充电；收费 __________ 产生；发电 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 32．C 33．D 34．D 35. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章采用"现象引入—项目介绍—用户反馈—技术原理—专家评价"的逻辑顺序，介绍了巴塞罗那地铁系统推出的MetroCharge项目。该项目通过再生制动技术回收地铁列车刹车时产生的能量，优先供给列车与车站使用，剩余电能输送至地面，为私家电动汽车充电站供电，实现清洁能源的创新利用、提高能源利用率。 【详解】 C 事实细节题 根据第二段 Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change 可知，巴塞罗那推出MetroCharge项目旨在帮助公共交通更加环保，也就是"促进绿色交通"。 D 事实细节题 根据第四段Espinoza所说的话 I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in 可知，他总是在寻找给电动汽车充电的地方，因此他的担忧是找不到充电桩。 D 主旨大意题 第五段详细解释了再生刹车的工作原理：它由一个电动机构成，收集刹车动作中产生的能量（这些能量在传统刹车中会以热量形式损失），这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者输送到车站和充电站。因此本段讨论的是再生刹车的工作机制（working mechanism）。 A 推理判断题 根据最后一段可知，Alvaro Luna教授认为该系统具有创新性，是因为它能将回收的能量重新调配到特定的本地用途上（为附近停放的电动汽车充电），从而提高能源利用效率。A项"创造性地使用回收的能量"正是对 allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses的准确概括。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A package tackle shift remainder plug-in pleasantly accelerate Conventional boost subway Group B electric motor Regenerative brakes mechanism concern efficiency reclaimed energy engineer braking innovative redirected 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 innovative efficiency acceleration conventional generation electrical innovation concern remains surprised B. 首字母单词拼写 subway tackle shift Regenerative efficiency generate innovative charged plug-in engineer 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 世界各地的公共交通系统正在采用 创新技术以减少其环境 影响。巴塞罗那地铁系统引入了一个MetroCharge项目，回收列车制动时产生的能量。这些回收的能量被用于为列车和车站供电，剩余部分则被输送到地面的电动汽车充电站。这种方法一举两得：使公共交通更加高效，同时支持向电动汽车的转变。该系统是技术如何帮助我们应对气候变化的完美范例。 Passage B 再生制动器并不是一项新发明。它们在列车中已经使用了数十年。然而，巴塞罗那的项目具有创新性，因为它将回收的能量重新导向 特定的本地用途。一位每天使用地铁的工程师对能够用列车制动产生的能量为他的汽车充电表示惊喜。这种对回收能量的创造性利用提高了城市能源系统的整体 效率。它也减少了对传统 发电厂电力的需求。 Passage C 再生制动器的工作机制相对简单。当列车减速时，电动机充当发电机，将运动列车的动能 转化为电能。在传统 制动系统中，这些能量会以热量的形式被浪费掉。然而，有了再生制动器，能量被捕获并可以立即用于加速车辆或被输送到其他地方用于其他用途。这项技术不仅提高了能源效率，还减少了制动 部件的磨损，使系统更加耐用和经济高效。 板块八 汉译英答案 subway burst of energy package tackle shift MetroCharge remainder plug-in station pleasantly surprised plug regenerative brakes electric motor braking conventional brakes accelerate innovative redirect boost efficiency green transportation concern working mechanism reclaimed energy slide cable conventional electrical engineer charge generate $