做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 4（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考高频单词 DAY 4（说明文阅读）

 

板块一：真题再现

[（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）]

The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car.

Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.

Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles.

Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. "I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in," Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. "And if it is from energy from the trains' brakes, then even better."

Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.

Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency.

32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project?

A. To fuel the city's economy.

B. To enhance passengers' experience.

C. To promote green transportation.

D. To raise the quality of electric cars.

33. What is Espinoza's concern?

A. How to cut his travel expenses.

B. Where to get a parking space.

C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic.

D. Where to find a charging point.

34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5?

A. Their operating conditions.

B. Their conventional standard.

C. Their potential risks.

D. Their working mechanism.

35. What did Luna say about the system?

A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively.

B. It improves workers' efficiency.

C. It prioritizes the safety of trains.

D. It generates jobs for the locals.

板块二：核心词汇（30个）

efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 效率

green transportation 绿色交通

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 担忧；关切

working mechanism 工作机制subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ 地铁

burst of energy 能量爆发；能量释放

package /ˈpækɪdʒ/ 一整套；包

tackle /ˈtækəl/ 应对；处理；解决

shift /ʃɪft/ 转变；转换

MetroCharge 地铁充电（项目名称）

remainder /rɪˈmeɪndə/ 剩余部分

plug-in station 充电站；插入式充电桩

pleasantly surprised 惊喜的

plug /plʌɡ/ 插入；接通电源

regenerative brakes 再生制动器

electric motor 电动机

braking /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/ 制动的；刹车

conventional brakes 传统制动器

accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ 加速

innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ 创新的

redirect /ˌriːdəˈrekt/ 重新导向；改变方向

boost /buːst/ 提高；促进

 

reclaimed energy 回收的能量

slide /slaɪd/ 滑动

cable /ˈkeɪbəl/ 电缆

conventional /kənˈvenʃənəl/ 传统的

electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/ 电的；电学的

engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ 工程师

charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ 充电；收费

generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ 产生；发电

板块三：词形变换（供背诵）

1. innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ 创新 — innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ 创新的 — innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ 创新 — innovator /ˈɪnəveɪtə/ 创新者 — innovatively /ˈɪnəveɪtɪvli/ 创新地
2. efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ 高效的 — efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 效率 — efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/ 高效地 — inefficient /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/ 低效的 — inefficiency /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi/ 低效率
3. accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ 加速 — acceleration /əkˌseləˈreɪʃən/ 加速 — accelerator /əkˈseləreɪtə/ 加速器 — accelerating /əkˈseləreɪtɪŋ/ 加速的 — accelerative /əkˈselərətɪv/ 加速的

4. conventional /kənˈvenʃənəl/ 传统的 — convention /kənˈvenʃən/ 传统；惯例 — conventionally /kənˈvenʃənəli/ 传统地 — unconventional /ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənəl/ 非传统的 — conventionality /kənˌvenʃəˈnæləti/ 传统性
5. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ 产生 — generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ 产生；一代 — generator /ˈdʒenəreɪtə/ 发电机 — generative /ˈdʒenərətɪv/ 有生产力的 — regeneration /riːˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ 再生
6. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ 电的 — electrical /ɪˈlektrɪkəl/ 电学的 — electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ 电 — electrify /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ 使电气化 — electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ 电子的
7. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ 充电 — charger /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/ 充电器 — recharge /riːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 再充电 — discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 放电；卸货 — chargeable /ˈtʃɑːdʒəbəl/ 可充电的；应收费的
8. shift /ʃɪft/ 转变 — shifting /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/ 不断变化的 — shiftless /ˈʃɪftləs/ 偷懒的；无能的 — shifty /ˈʃɪfti/ 不可靠的 — reshift /riːˈʃɪft/ 重新转移
9. concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 担忧 — concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ 担忧的 — concerning /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/ 关于 — unconcerned /ˌʌnkənˈsɜːnd/ 不关心的 — concernment /kənˈsɜːnmənt/ 重要事项
10. direct /dəˈrekt/ 指导；方向 — redirect /ˌriːdəˈrekt/ 重新导向 — direction /dəˈrekʃən/ 方向 — directly /dəˈrektli/ 直接地 — indirect /ˌɪndəˈrekt/ 间接的
11. remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保持；剩余 — remainder /rɪˈmeɪndə/ 剩余部分 — remaining /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/ 剩余的 — remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/ 剩余物；遗迹 — remanent /ˈremənənt/ 残余的
12. surprise /səˈpraɪz/ 使惊讶 — surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ 惊讶的 — surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ 令人惊讶的 — surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ 令人惊讶地 — unsurprising /ˌʌnsəˈpraɪzɪŋ/ 不令人惊讶的

板块四：选词填空

Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：subway, package, tackle, shift, remainder, plug-in, pleasantly, accelerate, conventional, boost）

1. The government has introduced a __________ of measures to reduce air pollution.
2. Many cities are trying to __________ the problem of traffic congestion.
3. There has been a __________ in public attitudes towards renewable energy.
4. After paying all the bills, the __________ of the money was donated to charity.
5. The new __________ stations make it easier for electric car owners to charge their vehicles.
6. She was __________ surprised when she received the award.
7. The car can __________ from 0 to 60 miles per hour in just five seconds.
8. __________ farming methods often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers.
9. Taking regular exercise can __________ your immune system.
10. I take the __________ to work every day because it is faster than driving.

Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：regenerative brakes, electric motor, braking, innovative, redirected, efficiency, concern, mechanism, reclaimed energy, engineer）

11. The __________ is powered by electricity rather than gasoline.
12. __________ are used in many modern cars to recover energy during deceleration.
13. The __________ system of the machine is very complex.
14. The teacher expressed __________ about the students' poor performance.
15. The __________ of the braking system has been greatly improved.
16. The company uses __________ to power its office buildings.
17. The __________ designed a more efficient solar panel system.

Regenerative brakes are not a new invention. They have been used in trains for decades. However, the Barcelona project is innovative because it redirects the recovered energy to specific local uses. An engineer who uses the subway daily expressed his pleasant surprise at being able to charge his car with energy from train brakes. This creative use of reclaimed energy boosts the overall efficiency of the city's energy system. It also reduces the demand for electricity from conventional power plants.

Passage C

The working mechanism of regenerative brakes is relatively simple. When a train slows down, an electric motor acts as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the moving train into electrical energy. In a conventional braking system, this energy would be wasted as heat. However, with regenerative brakes, the energy is captured and can be used immediately to accelerate the vehicle or sent elsewhere for other purposes. This technology not only improves energy efficiency but also reduces wear on the braking components, making the system more durable and cost-effective.

板块七：参考译文（Passage 4 全文翻译）

巴塞罗那地铁驶入车站，车门滑开，乘客们涌出车厢去忙各自的事情。他们几乎不知道，在他们这样做的同时，一股能量被输送到地面，为一辆电动汽车充电。

巴塞罗那已经整合了一整套清洁能源技术，以帮助公共交通更加环保，同时也为应对气候变化和帮助欧洲艰难地向私人拥有的电动汽车市场转型贡献力量。

巴塞罗那地铁系统的16个车站是其新的MetroCharge项目的一部分，该项目利用地铁列车刹车的能量为列车和车站本身供电，而剩余的能量则通过电缆输送到地面，为私人拥有的车辆的充电站供电。

贝尔纳多·埃斯皮诺萨是一名每天乘坐地铁的工程师，他拥有一辆电动汽车。“我非常惊喜，因为我一直在寻找充电的地方，”埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一个工薪阶层区域乘坐地铁前说道。“如果用的是列车刹车的能量，那就更好了。”

再生制动器在列车中已经使用了数十年，也用于一些汽车中。它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机收集制动动作中使用的能量——这些能量在传统制动器中会以热量的形式损失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。

电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，该系统具有创新性，因为它能够将回收的能量重新导向特定的本地用途——在这种情况下是为附近停放的电动汽车充电。他说，这提高了效率。

板块八：单词默写（汉译英）

 

惊喜的 __________

插入；接通电源 __________

再生制动器 __________

电动机 __________

制动的；刹车 __________

传统制动器 __________

加速 __________

创新的 __________

重新导向；改变方向 __________

提高；促进 __________

效率 __________

绿色交通 __________

担忧；关切 __________

工作机制 __________

回收的能量 __________

滑动 __________

电缆 __________

传统的 __________

电的；电学的 __________

工程师 __________

充电；收费 __________

产生；发电 __________