内容正文:
高考高频单词 DAY 37(说明文阅读)
板块一:真题再现
[(2017·全国一卷·高考真题)]
A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it's an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It's delicate. B. It's expensive. C. It's complex. D. It's portable.
33. What does the underlined phrase "the water catcher" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup.
34. What's the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size.
B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet's center down.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ______.
A. the plastic tube
B. outside the hole
C. the open air
D. beneath the sheet
板块二:核心词汇(30个)
做高考真题,记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times!
1
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build-it-yourself 自己动手制作的
solar still 太阳能蒸馏器
obtain /əbˈteɪn/ 获得
drinking water 饮用水
liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ 液体
available /əˈveɪləbəl/ 可获得的
develop /dɪˈveləp/ 开发;研制
department /dɪˈpɑːtmənt/ 部门
agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ 农业
collector /kəˈlektə/ 收集器
unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ 不幸地
carry /ˈkæri/ 携带
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要的
equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ 设备
substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ 替代物
component /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ 部件;成分
sheet /ʃiːt/ 薄片;床单
milky /ˈmɪlki/ 乳白色的
container /kənˈteɪnə/ 容器
fold /fəʊld/ 折叠
fasten /ˈfɑːsən/ 系牢;固定
construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ 建造;构造
sharp /ʃɑːp/ 锋利的
damp /dæmp/ 潮湿的
productivity /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ 生产率;效能
secure /sɪˈkjʊə/ 固定;使安全
edge /edʒ/ 边缘
weight /weɪt/ 加重;使沉重
evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ 蒸发
refreshment /rɪˈfreʃmənt/ 提神之物;饮料
板块三:词形变换(供背诵)
1. available /əˈveɪləbəl/ 可获得的 — availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/ 可用性 — avail /əˈveɪl/ 有用 — unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/ 不可用的 — availably /əˈveɪləbli/ 可用地
2. develop /dɪˈveləp/ 开发 — development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ 发展 — developing /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/ 发展中的 — developed /dɪˈveləpt/ 发达的 — underdeveloped /ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt/ 欠发达的
3. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要的 — necessarily /ˌnesəˈserəli/ 必然地 — necessity /nəˈsesəti/ 必需品 — unnecessary /ʌnˈnesəsəri/ 不必要的 — necessitate /nəˈsesɪteɪt/ 使成为必要
4. substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ 替代物 — substitution /ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃən/ 替代 — substitutable /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːtəbəl/ 可替代的 — substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ 替代 — insubstitutable /ˌɪnsʌbstɪˈtjuːtəbəl/ 不可替代的
5. construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ 建造 — construction /kənˈstrʌkʃən/ 建造 — constructive /kənˈstrʌktɪv/ 建设性的 — constructor /kənˈstrʌktə/ 建造者 — reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/ 重建
6. productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ 高产的 — productivity /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ 生产率 — productively /prəˈdʌktɪvli/ 高效地 — unproductive /ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv/ 低产的 — overproductive /ˌəʊvəprəˈdʌktɪv/ 过剩生产的
7. secure /sɪˈkjʊə/ 固定;安全的 — security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ 安全 — securely /sɪˈkjʊəli/ 安全地 — insecure /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/ 不安全的 — insecurity /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊərəti/ 不安全
8. evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ 蒸发 — evaporation /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən/ 蒸发 — evaporated /ɪˈvæpəreɪtɪd/ 蒸发的 — evaporative /ɪˈvæpərətɪv/ 蒸发的 — nonevaporative /ˌnɒnɪˈvæpərətɪv/ 非蒸发的
9. fresh /freʃ/ 新鲜的 — refreshment /rɪˈfreʃmənt/ 提神之物 — refresh /rɪˈfreʃ/ 使恢复 — refreshing /rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/ 使人清爽的 — refreshed /rɪˈfreʃt/ 恢复精神的
板块四:选词填空
Group A(从以下词汇中选择填空:build-it-yourself, solar still, obtain, drinking water, liquid, available, develop, department, agriculture, collector)
1. During a drought, finding clean __________ becomes a top priority for survival.
2. The __________ was invented by two scientists to help people in arid regions.
3. In many remote areas, water is not easily __________, forcing people to travel long distances.
4. The __________ of the university worked with local farmers to improve crop yields.
5. The __________ project allows people to create their own water purification system.
6. When water is scarce, every drop of __________ must be used carefully.
7. The __________ of rainwater is a simple but effective way to gather water.
8. The researchers hope to __________ a more efficient method of water purification.
9. In hot climates, water __________ more quickly, making storage a challenge.
10. The __________ program was designed to help farmers adapt to changing weather patterns.
Group B(从以下词汇中选择填空:unfortunately, carry, necessary, equipment, substitute, component, sheet, milky, container, fold)
11. When hiking in the desert, it is __________ to __________ plenty of water with you.
12. The __________ provided by the government helped the villagers build their own water systems.
13. If you don't have a proper __________, you can use a plastic bottle as a __________.
14. The plastic __________ turned __________ when exposed to the sun for too long.
15. The tent can be __________ed into a small pack and __________ened to your backpack.
16. Each __________ of the solar still must be carefully assembled to ensure it works properly.
17. No __________ for the solar still was found in the wilderness, so the team had to build one from scratch.
板块五:单词填空
A. 单句语法填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
18. The __________ (available) of clean water is a major concern in many developing countries.
19. The __________ (construct) of the solar still required careful planning and precise measurements.
20. The __________ (product) of the solar still depends on the amount of sunlight it receives.
21. The __________ (evaporate) of water from the ground cools the surrounding environment.
22. She felt __________ (refresh) after drinking a glass of cold water.
23. The __________ (necessary) of carrying emergency supplies cannot be overstated.
24. The __________ (develop) of the solar still was funded by a government grant.
25. The plastic sheet should be __________ (secure) in place with heavy rocks.
26. The __________ (collect) of rainwater is an ancient practice still used today.
27. The __________ (fold) design of the equipment makes it easy to transport.
B. 首字母单词拼写(根据首字母和句意补全单词,注意答案不唯一)
28. The soldiers had to c__________ all their supplies on foot through the mountain pass.
29. To build the shelter, they used a large plastic s__________ to cover the frame.
30. The high temperature caused the water to e__________ rapidly from the shallow pool.
31. You need a sharp stick to d__________ a hole deep enough for the container.
32. The solar still is a brilliant i__________ for obtaining water in the desert.
33. When the container was f__________, they sealed it tightly to prevent spills.
34. They placed the tube so that one end r__________ in the cup to collect the drips.
35. The edges of the plastic were s__________ with rocks to keep the sheet from blowing away.
36. The water c__________ beneath the plastic sheet is a simple but effective design.
37. The team had to w__________ down the center of the sheet to form a cone shape.
板块六:语篇翻译(英译汉,黑体词为关键)
Passage A
A build-it-yourself solar still is an excellent way to obtain drinking water when you are in a region where liquid water is not available. It was developed by scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The equipment is portable because it can be folded into a small pack and fastened to your belt. The components include a plastic sheet, a plastic tube, and a container. You must carry these items with you because it is almost impossible to find natural substitutes in the wild.
Passage B
To construct a working solar still, dig a hole in a damp area to increase productivity. Place a cup at the bottom of the hole. Then lay the tube so that one end is in the cup and the other end extends out of the hole. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet and secure the edges with dirt. Weight the center of the sheet with a rock to form a cone-like shape with the lowest point directly above the cup. This design allows water vapour to condense on the underside of the sheet and drip into the cup.
Passage C
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse effect under the plastic sheet. Heat from the sun warms the ground, causing moisture to evaporate. The water vapour rises and condenses on the cooler plastic sheet, forming droplets. These droplets run down the sloping sheet and fall into the cup below. This process can produce enough drinking water to sustain a person in an emergency. The still is a brilliant example of using natural resources to solve a practical problem. It demonstrates how simple technology can make a significant difference in survival situations.
板块七:参考译文(Passage 37 全文翻译)
一个自己动手制作的太阳能蒸馏器是在不易获取液体的地区获得饮用水的最佳方式之一。它由美国农业部的两位医生开发,是一种极好的集水器。不幸的是,你必须随身携带必要的设备,因为在自然界几乎不可能找到替代品。然而,唯一需要的部件是一张5×5英尺的透明或略呈乳白色的塑料板、六英尺长的塑料管和一个容器——也许只是一个饮水杯——来接水。这些部件可以折叠成一个整洁的小包,系在腰带上。
要建造一个可用的蒸馏器,用一根尖棍或石头挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞。尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞,以提高集水器的效率。将杯子放在洞的最深处。然后将管子放好,使一端完全伸入杯中,管子的其余部分从洞的一侧向上延伸出去。
接下来,用塑料板盖住洞口,用泥土固定塑料的边缘,并用石头压住塑料板的中心。塑料现在应该形成一个45度角的圆锥体。塑料板的最低点必须正好在杯子的正上方,距离不超过三英寸。
太阳能蒸馏器通过在塑料板下创造一个温室效应来工作。地下水蒸发并聚集在塑料板上,直到形成小水滴,沿着材料流下并落入杯中。当容器装满时,你可以通过管子吸出饮用水,而不必每次需要喝水时都拆开蒸馏器。
板块八:单词默写(汉译英)
自己动手制作的 __________
太阳能蒸馏器 __________
获得 __________
饮用水 __________
液体 __________
可获得的 __________
开发;研制 __________
部门 __________
农业 __________
收集器 __________
不幸地 __________
携带 __________
必要的 __________
设备 __________
替代物 __________
部件;成分 __________
薄片;床单 __________
乳白色的 __________
容器 __________
折叠 __________
系牢;固定 __________
建造;构造 __________
锋利的 __________
潮湿的 __________
生产率;效能 __________
固定;使安全 __________
边缘 __________
加重;使沉重 __________
蒸发 __________
提神之物;饮料 __________
【参考答案】
板块一 真题再现答案
32.D 33.B 34.C 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍如何自制便携式太阳能蒸馏器,在野外获取饮用水。
【详解】
32.D 事实细节题 根据第一段的 These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 可知,太阳能蒸馏器这个装置折叠后能别在腰带上,说明它便于携带。
33.B 指代关系题 the water catcher's productivity 指的是整个装置的产能,由此可知 the water catcher 指的是太阳能蒸馏器。
34.C 事实细节题 根据倒数第二段的 Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. 可知,铺上塑料薄膜后要在薄膜中心压一块石头,这样薄膜就会形成一个圆锥体,水顺着薄膜流到容器里。由此可知最后一步是把薄膜的中心压下去。
35.D 事实细节题 由文章最后一段可知,水蒸发后在塑料膜上凝结成水滴,然后流进杯子中。由此可知水滴是从薄膜下面流到杯子里的。
板块四 选词填空答案
Group A
drinking water
solar still
available
department
build-it-yourself
liquid
collection
develop
evaporates
agriculture
Group B
necessary, carry
equipment
container, substitute
sheet, milky
folded, fastened
component
substitute
板块五 单词填空答案
A. 单句语法填空
availability
construction
productivity
evaporation
refreshed
necessity
development
secured
collection
foldable
B. 首字母单词拼写
carry
sheet
evaporate
dig
invention
full
rested
secured
collector
weight
板块六 语篇翻译参考译文
Passage A
一个自己动手制作的 太阳能蒸馏器是在液体水无法获得的地区获取饮用水的极好方式。它由美国农业 部的科学家 开发。该设备 便于携带,因为它可以折叠成一个小包系在腰带上。其部件包括一块塑料板、一根塑料管和一个容器。你必须携带这些物品,因为在野外几乎不可能找到自然 替代品。
Passage B
要建造一个可用的太阳能蒸馏器,在潮湿的区域 挖一个洞以提高 效能。在洞底 放置一个杯子。然后放置 管子,使一端在杯中,另一端伸出洞外。用塑料板 盖住洞,用泥土固定 边缘。用石头压住 板的中心,形成一个圆锥状形状,最低点正好在杯子上方。这种设计 使 水蒸气在板的下侧 凝结并滴入杯中。
Passage C
太阳能蒸馏器通过在塑料板下创造 温室 效应来工作。太阳的热量 加热 地面,使 水分 蒸发。水蒸气 上升并在较冷的塑料板上凝结,形成 水滴。这些水滴沿着倾斜的板流下并落入下方的杯中。这个过程可以产生足够的饮用水在紧急情况下 维持一个人的生命。该蒸馏器是利用 自然 资源 解决 实际 问题的杰出 例子。它证明了简单的技术如何在生存 情境中产生 重大 影响。
板块八 汉译英答案
build-it-yourself
solar still
obtain
drinking water
liquid
available
develop
department
agriculture
collector
unfortunately
carry
necessary
equipment
substitute
component
sheet
milky
container
fold
fasten
construct
sharp
damp
productivity
secure
edge
weight
evaporate
refreshment
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