做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 7（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单以说明文阅读高频词汇为核心，整合真题语境、词形变换、语境应用、语篇翻译等模块，构建“词汇理解-阅读策略-语篇表达”三维考点网络，通过任务驱动（如选词填空、单词默写）和问题链设计（真题设问），引导学生自主梳理词汇用法与阅读逻辑，形成系统知识框架。 亮点在于“诊断-巩固-提升”自主学习路径，如板块四选词填空、板块五单词填空作为自测工具，帮助学生定位薄弱词汇，融入语言能力（词汇应用）和思维品质（真题推理判断）培养，如真题32题引导学生通过文本细节推断作者经历。支持学生个性化复习，教师可依据自测结果精准指导，有效提升备考实效。

高考高频单词 DAY 7（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）] Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue, and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author's early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK's zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 soul /səʊl/ 灵魂 unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd/ 未使用的；没用过的 uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbəl/ 不舒服的；不自在的 reminder /rɪˈmaɪndə/ 提醒物；提示 waste /weɪst/ 浪费；废弃物 growing /ˈɡrəʊɪŋ/ 日益增长的 concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 担忧；关切 restaurant /ˈrestrɒnt/ 餐厅 supermarket /ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt/ 超市 supply chain 供应链 industry /ˈɪndəstri/ 行业；产业 technological /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ 技术的 educational /ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ 教育的 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ 运动；活动 exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ 专门地；独占地 throw away 扔掉；丢弃 rename /ˌriːˈneɪm/ 重新命名 serve /sɜːv/ 提供；端上 fried /fraɪd/ 油炸的 tailor-made /ˌteɪlə ˈmeɪd/ 定制的；专门制作的 raise awareness 提高意识 alliance /əˈlaɪəns/ 联盟 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ 确定；决定 generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ 产生；创造 revenue /ˈrevənjuː/ 收入 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ 捐赠 recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkəl/ 回收利用 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 实验 zero-waste 零浪费 sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ 可持续性 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. use /juːz/ 使用 — unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd/ 未使用的 — useful /ˈjuːsfəl/ 有用的 — useless /ˈjuːsləs/ 无用的 — reusable /riːˈjuːzəbəl/ 可重复使用的 2. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ 舒适 — comfortable /ˈkʌmfətəbəl/ 舒适的 — uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbəl/ 不舒适的 — comfortably /ˈkʌmfətəbli/ 舒适地 — uncomfortably /ʌnˈkʌmfətəbli/ 不舒适地 3. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ 提醒 — reminder /rɪˈmaɪndə/ 提醒物 — reminded /rɪˈmaɪndɪd/ 被提醒的 — reminding /rɪˈmaɪndɪŋ/ 提醒的 — reminder message 提醒信息 4. waste /weɪst/ 浪费 — wasteful /ˈweɪstfəl/ 浪费的 — wasted /ˈweɪstɪd/ 被浪费的 — wastage /ˈweɪstɪdʒ/ 浪费量 — wastedness /ˈweɪstɪdnəs/ 浪费状态 5. grow /ɡrəʊ/ 增长 — growing /ˈɡrəʊɪŋ/ 日益增长的 — grown /ɡrəʊn/ 成年的；长大的 — growth /ɡrəʊθ/ 增长 — grower /ˈɡrəʊə/ 种植者 6. concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 担忧 — concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ 担忧的 — concerning /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/ 关于 — unconcerned /ˌʌnkənˈsɜːnd/ 不关心的 — concernment /kənˈsɜːnmənt/ 重要事项 7. exclusive /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/ 独家的 — exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ 专门地 — exclusion /ɪkˈskluːʒən/ 排除 — inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ 包括的 — exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ 排除 8. name /neɪm/ 命名 — rename /ˌriːˈneɪm/ 重新命名 — nameless /ˈneɪmləs/ 无名的 — namely /ˈneɪmli/ 即 — naming /ˈneɪmɪŋ/ 命名过程 9. serve /sɜːv/ 服务；提供 — service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ 服务 — servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ 仆人 — server /ˈsɜːvə/ 服务器；服务员 — dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ 甜点 10. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ 捐赠 — donation /dəʊˈneɪʃən/ 捐赠 — donor /ˈdəʊnə/ 捐赠者 — donated /dəʊˈneɪtɪd/ 已捐赠的 — donee /dəʊˈniː/ 受赠者 11. cycle /ˈsaɪkəl/ 循环 — recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkəl/ 回收利用 — recyclable /riːˈsaɪkələbəl/ 可回收的 — recycling /riːˈsaɪkəlɪŋ/ 回收利用过程 — recycler /riːˈsaɪkələ/ 回收商 12. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ 维持 — sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ 可持续性 — sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/ 可持续的 — sustainably /səˈsteɪnəbli/ 可持续地 — unsustainable /ˌʌnsəˈsteɪnəbəl/ 不可持续的 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：soul, unused, uncomfortable, reminder, waste, growing, concern, restaurant, supermarket, supply chain） 1. The __________ of the computer system has caused problems throughout the entire organization. 2. Many people feel __________ about discussing their salary with colleagues. 3. This photo serves as a constant __________ of my childhood. 4. Food __________ is a global problem that requires immediate action. 5. There is __________ concern about the environmental impact of plastic production. 6. The __________ of pollution on public health has become a major issue. 7. The __________ offered a special discount on all main courses this week. 8. I do most of my shopping at the local __________. 9. The __________ of the lost child was deeply saddened by the news. 10. Please return __________ items to the designated recycling bin. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：technological, educational, campaign, exclusively, rename, serve, fried, tailor-made, raise awareness, alliance） 11. The __________ of environmental groups has launched a new initiative. 12. __________ advances have made renewable energy more affordable. 13. The __________ program aims to improve literacy rates among children. 14. The charity organized a __________ to collect food for the homeless. 15. This shop sells __________ handmade items from local artists. 16. The restaurant was __________ after its new owner took over. 17. They __________ a delicious three-course meal to all the guests. 18. __________ food is popular but not always healthy. 19. The solution was __________ to meet the specific needs of the client. 20. The government is trying to __________ about the dangers of smoking. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The __________ (use) equipment was donated to a local charity. 22. I feel __________ (comfortable) sitting in this chair for a long time. 23. The __________ (remind) on the door said "Please close the door quietly." 24. It is __________ (waste) to throw away food that is still edible. 25. There is a __________ (grow) demand for organic products. 26. The company's __________ (concern) about the environment is commendable. 27. The __________ (exclude) of certain groups from the discussion was criticized. 28. The hotel __________ (service) over 500 guests every day. 29. The __________ (donate) of blood saves many lives each year. 30. The __________ (sustain) of the project requires continuous funding. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 31. Food w__________ is a serious problem in many developed countries. 32. The restaurant has received many enthusiastic r__________ from customers. 33. The chef used fresh i__________ to prepare the meal. 34. The e__________ results confirmed the researchers' hypothesis. 35. The company g__________ over $1 million in revenue last year. 36. The organization was founded to a__________ environmental issues. 37. The supermarket d__________ unsold food to local food banks. 38. The menu was t__________ designed to meet the needs of vegetarian customers. 39. The r__________ of the old building into a museum took three years. 40. The government is promoting s__________ through various policies. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Food waste is a growing concern around the world. Every year, millions of tons of food are thrown away while many people suffer from hunger. Restaurants, supermarkets and supply chains are all responsible for this problem. However, some innovative projects are trying to address the issue. One approach is to donate unused food to charitable organizations. Another is to recycle food waste into compost or biofuel. Educational campaigns are also essential in raising awareness about the importance of reducing food waste. By working together, we can make a difference. Passage B The wastED experiment in New York City demonstrated how creative thinking can transform unused food into delicious meals. The restaurant served dishes made from ingredients that most restaurants would discard, such as kale ribs, fish collars and rejected sweet potatoes. These ingredients were re-appropriated by skilled chefs and turned into excellent cuisine. The purpose of the experiment was to raise awareness about food waste and to encourage people to rethink their consumption habits. Although the project was short-lived, it had a lasting impact on many people's attitudes towards food. Passage C Sustainability has become a key consideration in the food industry. Restaurants and supermarkets are increasingly adopting zero-waste policies to minimize their environmental impact. Some have established partnerships with local farmers and charities to ensure that unused food is donated rather than thrown away. Others have invested in technological solutions to improve their supply chain efficiency and reduce waste. The shift towards sustainability is not only environmentally beneficial but also economically advantageous. By reducing waste, businesses can save money and enhance their reputation while contributing to a more sustainable future. 板块七：参考译文（Passage 7 全文翻译） 每次扔掉没吃的食物时，你的灵魂是否会感到一丝痛楚？我会。这种感觉可能源于我在南非的成长经历，在那里，“非洲有孩子正在挨饿”这句话与其说是一句餐前祈祷，不如说是一个令人不安的事实提醒。 食物浪费在餐厅、超市和供应链行业中是一个日益令人担忧的问题。从技术解决方案到教育宣传活动，食品生产商和销售商都在寻找方法，充分利用已经种植出来的食物。但上个月，纽约市一家受欢迎的餐厅尝试了一种不同的方式：它改变了菜单，专门提供原本会被扔掉的食物。 在三月份的两周时间里，格林威治村的Blue Hill餐厅更名为wastED，提供炸鲐鱼软骨、果汁果肉汉堡和垃圾箱潜水员蔬菜沙拉等菜品。每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。 食品浪费联盟的一项研究确定，普通餐厅每产生1,000美元的收入就会产生33磅的食物浪费，其中只有15.7%被捐赠或回收利用。高达84.3%被直接扔掉。像英国的Silo这样的餐厅已经尝试了零浪费系统，但wastED将这一概念推向了合乎逻辑的结论。 应当指出，从技术上讲，wastED菜单上的所有菜品都不是用垃圾制成的。相反，所使用的所有食材都是大多数餐厅从未考虑提供的肉类和农产品的例子。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被淘汰的红薯和黄瓜头都被重新利用，并在多位优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了精美的菜肴。 尽管wastED收到了热情的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为一个短期的实验；Blue Hill此后已恢复其常规菜单。然而，它提醒我们，有很多方法可以解决可持续性问题，而且你几乎可以用任何东西做出一顿令人惊叹的美餐。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 灵魂 __________ 未使用的；没用过的 __________ 不舒服的；不自在的 __________ 提醒物；提示 __________ 浪费；废弃物 __________ 日益增长的 __________ 担忧；关切 __________ 餐厅 __________ 超市 __________ 供应链 __________ 行业；产业 __________ 技术的 __________ 教育的 __________ 运动；活动 __________ 专门地；独占地 __________ 扔掉；丢弃 __________ 重新命名 __________ 提供；端上 __________ 油炸的 __________ 定制的；专门制作的 __________ 提高意识 __________ 联盟 __________ 确定；决定 __________ 产生；创造 __________ 收入 __________ 捐赠 __________ 回收利用 __________ 实验 __________ 零浪费 __________ 可持续性 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 32．A 33．B 34．C 35. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约一家餐厅的短期实验wastED，该餐厅用边角料食材制作美味佳肴，倡导减少食物浪费和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。 【详解】 A 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句可知，作者在南非长大，非洲有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推知作者早年亲眼目睹过食物短缺现象。 33.B 事实细节题 根据第三段最后一句 Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. 可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。 34.C 主旨大意题 第五段首句否定"垃圾食材"的说法，随后列举羽衣甘蓝茎秆、鱼颈肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜头等非常规食材来说明菜品原料的构成。 35.A 推理判断题 根据最后一段 Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. 可知，wastED从一开始就是短期实验，Blue Hill餐厅现已恢复常规菜单。由此推断，wastED已按计划结束。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A supply chain uncomfortable reminder waste growing concern restaurant supermarket soul unused Group B alliance Technological educational campaign exclusively renamed served Fried tailor-made raise awareness 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 unused uncomfortable reminder wasteful growing concern exclusion serves donation sustainability B. 首字母单词拼写 waste reviews ingredients experiment generated address donates tailor renovation sustainability 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 食物浪费是全世界一个日益 令人担忧的问题。每年，数百万吨食物被扔掉，而许多人却遭受饥饿之苦。餐厅、超市和供应链都对这一问题负有责任。然而，一些创新项目正试图解决这个问题。一种方法是将未使用的食物捐赠给慈善组织。另一种方法是将食物浪费 回收为堆肥或生物燃料。 教育 宣传活动对于提高人们对减少食物浪费的重要性的意识也至关重要。通过共同努力，我们可以有所作为。 Passage B 纽约市的wastED 实验 证明了创造性思维如何将未使用的食物转化为美味餐食。这家餐厅提供的菜肴使用了大多数餐厅会丢弃的食材，如羽衣甘蓝茎秆、鱼颈肉和被淘汰的红薯。这些食材被熟练的厨师重新利用，变成了精美的菜肴。该实验的目的是提高人们对食物浪费的认识，并鼓励人们重新思考他们的消费习惯。尽管该项目是短暂的，但它对许多人对待食物的态度产生了持久的 影响。 Passage C 可持续性已成为食品行业的一个关键考虑因素。餐厅和超市 日益采用零浪费政策，以最小化其对环境的影响。一些企业已与当地农民和慈善机构 建立了伙伴关系，以确保 未使用的食物被捐赠而不是被扔掉。其他企业则投资于技术解决方案，以提高其供应链 效率并减少 浪费。向可持续性的转变不仅对环境 有益，而且在经济上也有利。通过减少 浪费，企业可以节省资金并提升其声誉，同时为一个更可持续的未来做出贡献。 板块八 汉译英答案 soul unused uncomfortable reminder waste growing concern restaurant supermarket supply chain industry technological educational campaign exclusively throw away rename serve fried tailor-made raise awareness alliance determine generate revenue donate recycle experiment zero-waste sustainability $