做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 3（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦说明文阅读高频词汇及核心阅读技能，将30个核心词汇按“词义-词形变换-语境应用”层级组织，通过真题再现、选词填空等任务引导学生自主梳理词汇网络，构建从基础理解到语篇应用的知识体系。 亮点在于自主诊断与思维品质培养，如板块四选词填空、板块八单词默写等自测工具帮助学生定位薄弱点，语篇翻译任务提升语言能力，每个模块配套参考译文与答案解析，支持学生自主反思总结，教师可依据学情精准指导，实现个性化复习。

高考高频单词 DAY 3（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）] The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263m; Mont Blanc, 4,806m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed — we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters. Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 28. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A. Some mountains are getting higher. B. Data on wearables are misleading. C. The concept of elevation is relative. D. The reference point is hard to locate. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How the altimeter was invented. B. What initiated the author's research. C. Why the digital readings varied. D. Where the author spent his holiday. 30. What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph? A. The book. B. The project. C. The issue. D. The development. 31. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 elevation /ˌelɪˈveɪʃən/ 海拔；高度 available /əˈveɪləbəl/ 可获得的；可用的 wearable /ˈweərəbəl/ 可穿戴设备 relative /ˈrelətɪv/ 相对的 reference point 参照点；参考点 unnoticed /ʌnˈnəʊtɪst/ 未被注意的；被忽视的 ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː/ 忽视；忽略 assumption /əˈsʌmpʃən/ 假设；假定 appropriately /əˈprəʊpriətli/ 适当地；恰当地 altimeter /ˈæltɪmiːtə/ 测高仪；高度计 vary /ˈveəri/ 变化；不同 uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/ 不确定性；不确定 conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ 概念的 examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ 检查；审视；研究 mirror /ˈmɪrə/ 反映；映照 conception /kənˈsepʃən/ 概念；观念 issue /ˈɪʃuː/ 问题；议题 initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ 开始；发起 peak /piːk/ 山峰；顶峰 numerically /njuːˈmerɪkəli/ 数字上地 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ 决定；确定 instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ 仪器；工具 urgently /ˈɜːdʒəntli/ 紧急地 overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ 整体的；全面的 record /rɪˈkɔːd/ 记录；记载 satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ 卫星 global /ˈɡləʊbəl/ 全球的 measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ 测量；衡量 location /ləʊˈkeɪʃən/ 位置；地点 stage /steɪdʒ/ 阶段；时期 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. elevate /ˈelɪveɪt/ 提升；抬高 — elevation /ˌelɪˈveɪʃən/ 海拔；高度 — elevated /ˈelɪveɪtɪd/ 抬高的；高尚的 — elevating /ˈelɪveɪtɪŋ/ 令人振奋的 — elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə/ 电梯；升降机 2. available /əˈveɪləbəl/ 可用的 — availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/ 可用性 — avail /əˈveɪl/ 有用；有益 — unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/ 不可用的 — availably /əˈveɪləbli/ 可用地 3. relative /ˈrelətɪv/ 相对的 — relate /rɪˈleɪt/ 联系；叙述 — relation /rɪˈleɪʃən/ 关系；联系 — relationship /rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp/ 关系 — relatively /ˈrelətɪvli/ 相对地 4. ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː/ 忽视 — ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ 无知 — ignorant /ˈɪɡnərənt/ 无知的 — ignorantly /ˈɪɡnərəntli/ 无知地 — ignorable /ɪɡˈnɔːrəbəl/ 可忽略的 5. assume /əˈsjuːm/ 假设 — assumption /əˈsʌmpʃən/ 假设 — assumed /əˈsjuːmd/ 假定的 — assuming /əˈsjuːmɪŋ/ 假设的 — assumptive /əˈsʌmptɪv/ 假定的 6. appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ 适当的 — appropriately /əˈprəʊpriətli/ 适当地 — appropriateness /əˈprəʊpriətnəs/ 适当性 — inappropriate /ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət/ 不适当的 — appropriation /əˌprəʊpriˈeɪʃən/ 拨款；占用 7. vary /ˈveəri/ 变化 — variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/ 变化；变体 — various /ˈveəriəs/ 各种各样的 — varied /ˈveərid/ 多样的 — variety /vəˈraɪəti/ 多样性 8. certain /ˈsɜːtən/ 确定的 — uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/ 不确定性 — uncertain /ʌnˈsɜːtən/ 不确定的 — certainly /ˈsɜːtənli/ 当然；肯定地 — ascertain /ˌæsəˈteɪn/ 查明；确定 9. concept /ˈkɒnsept/ 概念 — conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ 概念的 — conception /kənˈsepʃən/ 观念；概念 — conceptualize /kənˈseptʃuəlaɪz/ 使概念化 — conceptually /kənˈseptʃuəli/ 概念上地 10. examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ 检查 — examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/ 检查；考试 — examiner /ɪɡˈzæmɪnə/ 考官 — examinee /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈniː/ 应试者 — reexamine /ˌriːɪɡˈzæmɪn/ 重新检查 11. global /ˈɡləʊbəl/ 全球的 — globe /ɡləʊb/ 地球；球体 — globally /ˈɡləʊbəli/ 全球地 — globalization /ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ 全球化 — globalize /ˈɡləʊbəlaɪz/ 使全球化 12. urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ 紧急的 — urgency /ˈɜːdʒənsi/ 紧急 — urgently /ˈɜːdʒəntli/ 紧急地 — urge /ɜːdʒ/ 催促；力劝 — urger /ˈɜːdʒə/ 催促者 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：elevation, available, relative, reference point, altimeter, vary, uncertainty, conceptual, ignore, assumption） 1. The __________ of the mountain is over 5,000 meters above sea level. 2. Free Wi-Fi is __________ in all public areas of the hotel. 3. Success is __________; it depends on how you define it. 4. A map usually includes a __________ to help readers understand distances. 5. The pilot checked the __________ before landing the aircraft. 6. Students' test scores __________ greatly depending on their preparation. 7. There is some __________ about whether the project will be completed on time. 8. The teacher explained the __________ framework of the theory to the students. 9. It is dangerous to __________ the warning signs on the road. 10. The __________ that all students learn in the same way is incorrect. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：examine, mirror, conception, issue, initiate, peak, determine, instrument, overall, record） 11. The scientist used a special __________ to measure the temperature. 12. The new policy aims to __________ a series of educational reforms. 13. The results of the study __________ the need for better environmental protection. 14. The __________ of human rights has changed greatly over the centuries. 15. The __________ score of the students in the exam was quite satisfactory. 16. The climbers finally reached the __________ of the mountain at sunrise. 17. It is difficult to __________ the exact cause of the accident. 18. The teacher asked the students to __________ the evidence carefully. 19. Global temperatures have reached a new __________ this year. 20. Climate change is a global __________ that requires international cooperation. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The __________ (elevate) of the city makes it one of the highest capitals in the world. 22. The __________ (available) of clean water is a major concern in many developing countries. 23. The two events are closely __________ (relate) to each other. 24. The professor's __________ (assume) turned out to be completely wrong. 25. It is __________ (appropriate) to talk loudly in the library. 26. There is a wide __________ (vary) of opinions on this controversial issue. 27. The __________ (certain) of the future makes many people feel anxious. 28. The __________ (concept) framework of the theory needs further development. 29. The doctor __________ (examination) the patient carefully before making a diagnosis. 30. The __________ (global) of the economy has brought both opportunities and challenges. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 31. The exact e__________ of the building is marked on the map. 32. These tickets are a__________ for a limited time only. 33. People's opinions on this matter v__________ greatly. 34. The professor's a__________ about the experiment were well-founded. 35. The new instrument was used to r__________ the temperature changes. 36. The government needs to e__________ the root causes of the problem. 37. The discovery of gold marked a new s__________ in the city's development. 38. Environmental protection is a major i__________ facing our generation. 39. The s__________ images show the changing weather patterns clearly. 40. The success of the project will d__________ on everyone's efforts. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Elevation is a relative concept. When we say a mountain is 8,000 meters high, we are implicitly referring to sea level as a reference point. This assumption is so deeply rooted in our thinking that we rarely stop to examine it. However, the choice of a reference point is not fixed; it is a product of human conceptions. In different contexts, different reference points may be used. For example, when measuring the height of an airplane, the altimeter uses the air pressure at ground level as its reference point. Understanding the relativity of measurement helps us appreciate the complexity of the world around us. Passage B The author's interest in the history of sea level was initiated by a simple observation: different altimeters gave slightly different readings at the same location. This seemingly minor discrepancy led him to question the very meaning of zero. He realized that the concept of sea level is not a natural fact but a human invention, shaped by technological and cultural factors. His book examines how our conception of sea level has evolved over time and how this conception has influenced our understanding of the world. Passage C The issue of sea-level rise has become increasingly urgent in recent years. Between 2011 and 2022, the global sea level rose by almost 5 centimeters. This may seem like a small amount, but it represents about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. The accelerating rate of sea-level rise has significant implications for coastal communities around the world. The author argues that we need to place this issue in a historical context to fully understand its importance. By examining the past, we can better prepare for the future. 板块七：参考译文（全文翻译） 珠穆朗玛峰的山顶，海拔8,849米。钦博拉索山，6,263米；勃朗峰，4,806米；多洛米蒂山帕拉群峰脚下的普拉迪达利小屋，2,278米。提供某一地点的海拔高度是一种常见做法。现在我们的手机和可穿戴设备上就能方便地获取简单的读数。但海拔必然是相对的：只有选择一个参照点，我们才能用数字表达一个物体或地点的海拔高度。 将海平面作为海拔参照点的想法至今已经存在了如此之久，以至于基本上未被人们注意到——我们提及它时甚至不去考虑它意味着什么。这个概念是有历史渊源的，这一点很容易被忽视。我们往往会忘记，海平面是由技术和文化上确定的假设所产生的结果。在这本书中，我将讲述这些假设的故事。 恰如其分的是，这本书是在一个夏天在海与山之间度过的时光中成形的。在参观了法国里维埃拉并享受了尼斯和芒通的沙滩一个月后，我和朋友们去帕拉群峰徒步旅行。在普拉迪达利小屋附近的一个山口休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪上的读数。为什么它们在不同仪器之间会有微小的差异？这种不确定感促使我思考零的含义。这就是我如何开始追寻海平面概念史的。 在这本书中，我审视了平均海平面历史上的三个关键阶段。这些阶段反映了人类对海洋概念的发展。从我2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升问题以及将其置于历史视角加以审视的必要性变得愈加紧迫：从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总上升量的一半。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 海拔；高度 __________ 可获得的；可用的 __________ 可穿戴设备 __________ 相对的 __________ 参照点；参考点 __________ 未被注意的；被忽视的 __________ 忽视；忽略 __________ 假设；假定 __________ 适当地；恰当地 __________ 测高仪；高度计 __________ 变化；不同 __________ 不确定性；不确定 __________ 概念的 __________ 检查；审视；研究 __________ 反映；映照 __________ 概念；观念 __________ 问题；议题 __________ 开始；发起 __________ 山峰；顶峰 __________ 数字上地 __________ 决定；确定 __________ 仪器；工具 __________ 紧急地 __________ 整体的；全面的 __________ 记录；记载 __________ 卫星 __________ 全球的 __________ 测量；衡量 __________ 位置；地点 __________ 阶段；时期 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 28．C 29．B 30．C 31. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，是一本书的引言，文章采用"引出话题—背景铺垫—叙述成书起因—介绍书的内容及现实价值"的递进式结构。 【详解】 28.C 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句 But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location可知，作者在首段明确指出海拔是相对的，只有选择参照点，我们才能量化表述某个物体或地点的高度，故C项正确。 29.B 主旨大意题 文章第三段描述了作者的亲身经历：在意大利多洛米蒂山徒步时，朋友们讨论测高仪读数略有不同的现象，这种不确定性促使作者开始思考"零"的含义，进而展开了对海平面概念史的研究，故B项正确。 30.C 指代关系题 根据最后一段最后一句 Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent ...，句中 and 连接两个并列的主语，即 the issue of sea-level rise（海平面上升问题）和 the need to place it historically（从历史角度审视这一问题的必要性）。此处it作place的宾语，一般指代前半句刚出现的事物，即the issue of sea-level rise，故C项正确。 31.B 主旨大意题 根据第二段最后一句 In this book I tell a story of these assumptions. 以及第三段最后一句 This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. 可知，本书讲述的是海平面的概念史，故B项正确。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A elevation available relative reference point altimeter vary uncertainty conceptual ignore assumption Group B instrument initiate mirror conception overall peak determine examine record issue 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 elevation availability related assumption inappropriate variety uncertainty conceptual examined globalization B. 首字母单词拼写 elevation available vary assumptions record examine stage issue satellite depend 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 海拔是一个相对的概念。当我们说一座山有8,000米高时，我们是在隐含地以海平面作为参照点。这个假设在我们的思维中如此根深蒂固，以至于我们很少停下来审视它。然而，参照点的选择并不是固定的；它是人类观念的产物。在不同的语境中，可能会使用不同的参照点。例如，在测量飞机的高度时，测高仪使用地面气压作为其参照点。理解测量的相对性有助于我们认识周围世界的复杂性。 Passage B 作者对海平面历史的兴趣是由一个简单的观察所引发的：不同的测高仪在同一个位置给出了略有不同的读数。这个看似微小的差异使他质疑零的真正含义。他意识到，海平面的概念并不是一个自然事实，而是人类的发明，由技术和文化因素所塑造。他的书审视了我们对海平面的观念如何随着时间演变，以及这种观念如何影响了我们对世界的理解。 Passage C 海平面上升的问题近年来变得日益 紧迫。2011年至2022年间，全球海平面上升了近5厘米。这看起来可能是一个小数字，但它相当于自1993年以来卫星 记录的整体上升量的一半。海平面上升的加速速度对世界各地的沿海社区具有重大 影响。作者主张，我们需要将这一问题置于历史 语境中来充分理解其重要性。通过审视过去，我们可以更好地准备应对未来。 板块八 汉译英答案 elevation available wearable relative reference point unnoticed ignore assumption appropriately altimeter vary uncertainty conceptual examine mirror conception issue initiate peak numerically determine instrument urgently overall record satellite global measurement location stage $