做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 1（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦说明文阅读高频词汇，构建“真题情境—核心词汇—词形拓展—应用训练”的考点体系，通过真题再现引出30个核心词汇，结合词形变换表梳理派生词关系，引导学生以任务单为载体自主完成选词填空、单词填空等练习，系统构建词汇知识网络。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层训练设计，如板块四Group A/B选词填空和板块五单词填空作为自测工具，学生可通过正确率定位薄弱词汇，结合板块六语篇翻译提升语言能力，板块八单词默写强化记忆。每个模块融入反思性任务，培养学生自主学习能力，教师可依据学生错题数据实施精准辅导，助力因材施教。

高考高频单词 DAY 1（说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）] In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. "We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse." The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. "We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. "We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people's health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ 倡议；主动性 green space 绿地；绿色空间 absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ 吸收 airborne /ˈeəbɔːn/ 空气传播的 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ 污染物 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ 栖息地 account for 占（比例）；是……的原因 isoprene /ˈaɪsəpriːn/ 异戊二烯 nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物 ozone /ˈəʊzəʊn/ 臭氧 breathing /ˈbriːðɪŋ/ 呼吸的；呼吸 coauthor /kəʊˈɔːθə/ 合著者 oblivious to 未察觉；不在意 rethink /riːˈθɪŋk/ 重新思考；反思 car-centric 以汽车为中心的 keystone /ˈkiːstəʊn/ 关键的；基石（物种） imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ 暗示；意味着 affect /əˈfekt/ 影响 indirectly /ˌɪndəˈrektli/ 间接地 raise /reɪz/ 提高；增加 species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ 物种；种类 advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ 倡导；主张 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ 扩大；扩展 substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ 物质 interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ 相互作用；互动 release /rɪˈliːs/ 释放；排放 maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ 维持；保持 pattern /ˈpætən/ 模式；方式 conclude /kənˈkluːd/ 得出结论；断定 caution /ˈkɔːʃən/ 谨慎；小心 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ 倡议 — initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ 发起 — initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən/ 开始 — initiator /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtə/ 发起者 — initiatory /ɪˈnɪʃiətəri/ 开始的 2. absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ 吸收 — absorption /əbˈzɔːpʃən/ 吸收 — absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/ 专心致志的 — absorbing /əbˈzɔːbɪŋ/ 吸引人的 — absorptive /əbˈzɔːptɪv/ 有吸收力的 3. pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ 污染物 — pollute /pəˈluːt/ 污染 — pollution /pəˈluːʃən/ 污染 — polluted /pəˈluːtɪd/ 受污染的 — polluter /pəˈluːtə/ 污染者 4. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ 栖息地 — habitation /ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃən/ 居住 — inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ 居住于 — inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ 居民 — inhabitable /ɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl/ 可居住的 5. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ 相互作用 — interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ 相互作用 — interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ 互动的 — interactively /ˌɪntərˈæktɪvli/ 互动地 — interactivity /ˌɪntərækˈtɪvəti/ 互动性 6. release /rɪˈliːs/ 释放 — released /rɪˈliːst/ 已释放的 — releasee /rɪˌliːˈsiː/ 被释放者 — releasable /rɪˈliːsəbəl/ 可释放的 — releaser /rɪˈliːsə/ 释放者 7. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ 维持 — maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ 维护 — maintainable /meɪnˈteɪnəbəl/ 可维持的 — maintainer /meɪnˈteɪnə/ 维护者 — maintained /meɪnˈteɪnd/ 被维持的 8. conclude /kənˈkluːd/ 断定 — conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ 结论 — conclusive /kənˈkluːsɪv/ 决定性的 — conclusively /kənˈkluːsɪvli/ 决定性地 — conclusiveness /kənˈkluːsɪvnəs/ 决定性 9. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ 暗示 — implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən/ 含义 — implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ 含蓄的 — implicitly /ɪmˈplɪsɪtli/ 含蓄地 — implied /ɪmˈplaɪd/ 暗含的 10. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ 倡导 — advocacy /ˈædvəkəsi/ 倡导 — advocate（n.）/ˈædvəkət/ 倡导者 — advocator /ˈædvəkeɪtə/ 倡导者 — advocative /ˈædvəkətɪv/ 倡导性的 11. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ 扩大 — expansion /ɪkˈspænʃən/ 扩张 — expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/ 广阔的 — expansively /ɪkˈspænsɪvli/ 广阔地 — expansiveness /ɪkˈspænsɪvnəs/ 广阔性 12. caution /ˈkɔːʃən/ 谨慎 — cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ 谨慎的 — cautiously /ˈkɔːʃəsli/ 谨慎地 — cautiousness /ˈkɔːʃəsnəs/ 谨慎 — precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ 预防措施 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：initiative, absorb, pollutant, habitat, account for, isoprene, ozone, breathing, coauthor, oblivious to） 1. Trees can __________ a large amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 2. The factory has been identified as a major __________ of the river. 3. The wetland is an important __________ for migratory birds. 4. Women __________ only 25% of the company's senior management positions. 5. Ground-level __________ is a harmful gas that can cause respiratory problems. 6. The __________ of the new study praised the research team for their dedication. 7. Many city residents seem __________ the serious air pollution problem around them. 8. The government launched a new __________ to promote renewable energy. 9. The patient was having difficulty __________ after the surgery. 10. Oaks and sweetgums produce large amounts of __________, which can react with nitrogen oxides. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：rethink, keystone, imply, affect, indirectly, raise, species, advocate, expand, maintain） 11. The discovery of the new __________ of plant has excited biologists around the world. 12. Environmental groups strongly __________ the protection of natural habitats. 13. The company plans to __________ its business into Asian markets next year. 14. His silence seemed to __________ that he was not satisfied with the decision. 15. It is important to __________ a healthy lifestyle as we grow older. 16. The wolf is considered a __________ species in this ecosystem. 17. The new policy will __________ the lives of millions of people. 18. The study shows that air pollution can __________ harm our health through various pathways. 19. We need to __________ our approach to urban planning to address climate change. 20. The government decided to __________ taxes on cigarettes to discourage smoking. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The __________ (expand) of the city has led to the loss of many natural habitats. 22. Scientists are studying the __________ (interact) between different chemical compounds in the atmosphere. 23. The __________ (release) of harmful gases into the atmosphere has become a global concern. 24. Regular exercise is __________ (benefit) to both physical and mental health. 25. The __________ (maintain) of public parks requires significant funding from the government. 26. The researchers drew a __________ (conclude) based on years of careful observation. 27. Many species are facing __________ (extinct) due to climate change and habitat loss. 28. The __________ (pollute) of rivers has caused serious damage to aquatic ecosystems. 29. The government should take __________ (caution) measures to protect endangered species. 30. The new policy has had a __________ (significance) impact on the local economy. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 31. The c__________ of this study is that planting more trees is not always beneficial. 32. Urban green spaces provide important h__________ for birds and other wildlife. 33. The chemical r__________ from the factory has caused serious environmental damage. 34. It is important to r__________ our consumption habits to reduce waste. 35. The city plans to e__________ its subway system to cover more areas. 36. Oaks are k__________ species that support a wide variety of insects and animals. 37. The study i__________ that there is a strong link between air pollution and health problems. 38. Environmental organizations a__________ stronger laws to protect natural resources. 39. The government has launched several i__________ to reduce carbon emissions. 40. The a__________ quality in many large cities has improved in recent years. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Trees have long been valued for their beauty and environmental benefits. They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, making the air cleaner. However, a recent study has found that some tree species produce a chemical called isoprene, which can interact with nitrogen oxides to form ground-level ozone. This pollutant can cause breathing problems, especially for people with lung diseases. The researchers concluded that we should rethink our tree-planting strategies. Planting the right species of trees in the right places can maintain the benefits of green spaces while reducing potential harm to air quality. Passage B Urban planners around the world are working to expand green spaces in cities. These areas provide essential habitat for wildlife and help absorb pollutants from the air. However, not all trees are equally beneficial. Some trees release large amounts of isoprene, which can indirectly harm human health. Scientists advocate for more careful selection of tree species in city planting programs. They also caution that we must not be oblivious to the potential negative effects of our actions. A car-centric lifestyle is one of the main factors contributing to the problem, as vehicle emissions are a major source of the nitrogen oxides that react with isoprene. Passage C Climate change and urbanization have put increasing pressure on natural ecosystems. The disappearance of certain keystone species can have far-reaching consequences for the entire environment. For example, when wolves were removed from Yellowstone National Park, the number of deer and elk increased dramatically, leading to the overconsumption of vegetation and a decline in plant diversity. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining the balance of nature. As responsible citizens, we should support initiatives that protect the environment and advocate for sustainable development. 板块七：参考译文（Passage 1 全文翻译） 为了扩大绿地面积，纽约市一直秉承长期以来的倡议，每年种植数万棵树。这些树木提供树荫，降低地表温度，吸收惊人量的空气传播的碳，清除微小的污染物，并为野生动物提供栖息地，同时还带来纯粹的美感。 然而，一项新研究指出，事情可能会出问题。橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑物和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物相互作用，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。 这项由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构科学家进行的研究发现，如果该市在新种植中保持过去的树种模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将增加多达30%。 “我们完全支持种植更多树木。它们带来了很多好处，”该研究的合著者Róisín Commane说。“但如果我们不小心，我们可能会使空气质量变得更糟。” 公园部门并非没有意识到这个问题。该部门的一些研究人员几年前进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实释放异戊二烯。“我们并没有对此大惊小怪，”公园部门高级科学家Novem Auyeung说。她说，不应将树木视为敌人。“只要我们重新思考以汽车为中心的生活方式，我们就可以种植任何我们想要的树木，”她说。 “我们不会砍掉任何大的老橡树，”该部门也不会完全停止种植新橡树，Auyeung说。“你必须考虑如果那样做会失去什么。”她指出，橡树是基石物种，为本地昆虫、鸟类和其他动物提供食物和栖息地。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 倡议；主动性 __________ 绿地；绿色空间 __________ 吸收 __________ 空气传播的 __________ 污染物 __________ 栖息地 __________ 占（比例）；是……的原因 __________ 异戊二烯 __________ 氮氧化物 __________ 臭氧 __________ 呼吸的；呼吸 __________ 合著者 __________ 未察觉；不在意 __________ 重新思考；反思 __________ 以汽车为中心的 __________ 关键的；基石（物种） __________ 暗示；意味着 __________ 影响 __________ 间接地 __________ 提高；增加 __________ 物种；种类 __________ 倡导；主张 __________ 扩大；扩展 __________ 物质 __________ 相互作用；互动 __________ 释放；排放 __________ 维持；保持 __________ 模式；方式 __________ 得出结论；断定 __________ 谨慎；小心 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 28．C 29．C 30．B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于纽约市橡树和枫香树释放的名为异戊二烯的化学物质与汽车尾气中的氮氧化物反应生成地面臭氧的研究，指出问题根源在于汽车排放而非树木本身，倡导重新审视以汽车为中心的生活方式。 【详解】 28.C推理判断题 根据第二段可知，橡树和枫香树释放大量异戊二烯，异戊二烯本身无害，但与车辆排放的氮氧化物迅速反应生成污染性的地面臭氧，而地面臭氧是引发很多呼吸问题的主要因素，可见橡树和枫香树是通过化学连锁反应间接危害人体健康，故C项正确。 29.C 推理判断题 根据第四段Commane 所说的We're all for planting more trees ... But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse.可知,Commane支持继续种树，但强调要保持谨慎态度，避免使空气质量变得更坏，因此推测她可能建议在新的种植中调整树种搭配，故C项正确。 30.B词义猜测题 画线词所在段提到，该部门的研究人员几年前曾开展研究，并得出结论"城市树木确实释放异戊二烯"，这表明公园部门对"树木释放异戊二烯"这一问题是了解的、知情的。因此，"not oblivious to"相当于"not unaware of"，即"并非不知道"。由此反向推断，"oblivious to"应意为"不知道的，未察觉的"，故B项正确。 31.A推理判断题 根据第五段Auyeung所说的"We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said.以及最后一段中Auyeung表示不会砍掉任何大的老橡树，因为它们对当地昆虫、鸟类和其他动物所起到的重要作用可推知，Auyeung最可能倡导减少日常生活中的汽车使用量，故A项正确。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A absorb pollutant habitat account for ozone coauthor oblivious to initiative breathing isoprene Group B species advocate expand imply maintain keystone affect indirectly rethink raise 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 expansion interaction release beneficial maintenance conclusion extinction pollution cautious significant B. 首字母单词拼写 conclusion habitat release rethink expand keystone implies advocate initiatives air 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 树木因其美丽和环境效益长期以来受到重视。它们吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，使空气更清洁。然而，最近的一项研究发现，一些树种会产生一种叫做异戊二烯的化学物质，这种物质可以与氮氧化物相互作用形成地面臭氧。这种污染物会导致呼吸问题，尤其是对于患有肺部疾病的人。研究人员得出结论，我们应该重新思考植树策略。在正确的地方种植正确的树种可以在减少对空气质量的潜在危害的同时，保持绿地的效益。 Passage B 世界各地的城市规划者都在努力扩大城市中的绿地。这些区域为野生动物提供必要的栖息地，并帮助吸收空气中的污染物。然而，并非所有树木都有同等的效益。有些树木释放大量的异戊二烯，这可能会间接危害人类健康。科学家倡导在城市种植计划中更谨慎地选择树种。他们还告诫我们切不可忽视自身行为潜在的负面影响。以汽车为中心的生活方式是导致这一问题的主要因素之一，因为车辆排放是与异戊二烯发生反应的氮氧化物的主要来源。 Passage C 气候变化和城市化给自然生态系统带来了越来越大的压力。某些关键物种的消失可能对整个环境产生深远的影响。例如，当狼群从黄石国家公园被移除后，鹿和麋鹿的数量急剧增加，导致植被过度消耗和植物多样性下降。这个案例证明了维持自然平衡的重要性。作为负责任的公民，我们应该支持保护环境的倡议，并倡导可持续发展。 板块八 汉译英答案 initiative green space absorb airborne pollutant habitat account for isoprene nitrogen oxide ozone breathing coauthor oblivious to rethink car-centric keystone imply affect indirectly raise species advocate expand substance interact release maintain pattern conclude caution $