做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 1（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

高考高频单词 DAY 1（说明文阅读）

板块一：真题再现

[（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）]

In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.

Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone — a major factor in many breathing problems.

The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.

"We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane. "But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse."

The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. "We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said.

"We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.

28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?

A. They affect the growth of other trees.

B. They absorb less carbon than expected.

C. They harm people's health indirectly.

D. They raise the local temperature slowly.

29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study?

A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees.

B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades.

C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings.

D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees.

30. What does the underlined phrase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about.

31. What would Auyeung probably advocate?

A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats.

C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem.

板块二：核心词汇（30个）

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ 倡议；主动性

green space 绿地；绿色空间

absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ 吸收

airborne /ˈeəbɔːn/ 空气传播的

pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ 污染物

habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ 栖息地

account for 占（比例）；是……的原因

isoprene /ˈaɪsəpriːn/ 异戊二烯

nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物

ozone /ˈəʊzəʊn/ 臭氧

breathing /ˈbriːðɪŋ/ 呼吸的；呼吸

coauthor /kəʊˈɔːθə/ 合著者

oblivious to 未察觉；不在意

rethink /riːˈθɪŋk/ 重新思考；反思

car-centric 以汽车为中心的

keystone /ˈkiːstəʊn/ 关键的；基石（物种）

imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ 暗示；意味着

affect /əˈfekt/ 影响

indirectly /ˌɪndəˈrektli/ 间接地

raise /reɪz/ 提高；增加

species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ 物种；种类

advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ 倡导；主张

expand /ɪkˈspænd/ 扩大；扩展

substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ 物质

interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ 相互作用；互动

release /rɪˈliːs/ 释放；排放

maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ 维持；保持

pattern /ˈpætən/ 模式；方式

conclude /kənˈkluːd/ 得出结论；断定

caution /ˈkɔːʃən/ 谨慎；小心

 

板块三：词形变换（供背诵）

1. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ 倡议 — initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ 发起 — initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən/ 开始 — initiator /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtə/ 发起者 — initiatory /ɪˈnɪʃiətəri/ 开始的
2. absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ 吸收 — absorption /əbˈzɔːpʃən/ 吸收 — absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/ 专心致志的 — absorbing /əbˈzɔːbɪŋ/ 吸引人的 — absorptive /əbˈzɔːptɪv/ 有吸收力的
3. pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ 污染物 — pollute /pəˈluːt/ 污染 — pollution /pəˈluːʃən/ 污染 — polluted /pəˈluːtɪd/ 受污染的 — polluter /pəˈluːtə/ 污染者
4. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ 栖息地 — habitation /ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃən/ 居住 — inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ 居住于 — inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ 居民 — inhabitable /ɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl/ 可居住的
5. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ 相互作用 — interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ 相互作用 — interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ 互动的 — interactively /ˌɪntərˈæktɪvli/ 互动地 — interactivity /ˌɪntərækˈtɪvəti/ 互动性
6. release /rɪˈliːs/ 释放 — released /rɪˈliːst/ 已释放的 — releasee /rɪˌliːˈsiː/ 被释放者 — releasable /rɪˈliːsəbəl/ 可释放的 — releaser /rɪˈliːsə/ 释放者

7. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ 维持 — maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ 维护 — maintainable /meɪnˈteɪnəbəl/ 可维持的 — maintainer /meɪnˈteɪnə/ 维护者 — maintained /meɪnˈteɪnd/ 被维持的
8. conclude /kənˈkluːd/ 断定 — conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ 结论 — conclusive /kənˈkluːsɪv/ 决定性的 — conclusively /kənˈkluːsɪvli/ 决定性地 — conclusiveness /kənˈkluːsɪvnəs/ 决定性
9. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ 暗示 — implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən/ 含义 — implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ 含蓄的 — implicitly /ɪmˈplɪsɪtli/ 含蓄地 — implied /ɪmˈplaɪd/ 暗含的
10. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ 倡导 — advocacy /ˈædvəkəsi/ 倡导 — advocate（n.）/ˈædvəkət/ 倡导者 — advocator /ˈædvəkeɪtə/ 倡导者 — advocative /ˈædvəkətɪv/ 倡导性的
11. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ 扩大 — expansion /ɪkˈspænʃən/ 扩张 — expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/ 广阔的 — expansively /ɪkˈspænsɪvli/ 广阔地 — expansiveness /ɪkˈspænsɪvnəs/ 广阔性
12. caution /ˈkɔːʃən/ 谨慎 — cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ 谨慎的 — cautiously /ˈkɔːʃəsli/ 谨慎地 — cautiousness /ˈkɔːʃəsnəs/ 谨慎 — precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ 预防措施

板块四：选词填空

Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：initiative, absorb, pollutant, habitat, account for, isoprene, ozone, breathing, coauthor, oblivious to）

1. Trees can __________ a large amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
2. The factory has been identified as a major __________ of the river.
3. The wetland is an important __________ for migratory birds.
4. Women __________ only 25% of the company's senior management positions.
5. Ground-level __________ is a harmful gas that can cause respiratory problems.
6. The __________ of the new study praised the research team for their dedication.
7. Many city residents seem __________ the serious air pollution problem around them.
8. The government launched a new __________ to promote renewable energy.
9. The patient was having difficulty __________ after the surgery.
10. Oaks and sweetgums produce large amounts of __________, which can react with nitrogen oxides.

Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：rethink, keystone, imply, affect, indirectly, raise, species, advocate, expand, maintain）

11. The discovery of the new __________ of plant has excited biologists around the world.
12. Environmental groups strongly __________ the protection of natural habitats.
13. The company plans to __________ its business into Asian markets next year.
14. His silence seemed to __________ that he was not satisfied with the decision.
15. It is important to __________ a healthy lifestyle as we grow older.
16. The wolf is considered a __________ species in this ecosystem.
17. The new policy will __________ the lives of millions of people.
18. The study shows that air pollution can __________ harm our health through various pathways.
19. We need to __________ our approach to urban planning to address climate change.
20. The government decided to __________ taxes on cigarettes to discourage smoking.

板块五：单词填空

Passage C

Climate change and urbanization have put increasing pressure on natural ecosystems. The disappearance of certain keystone species can have far-reaching consequences for the entire environment. For example, when wolves were removed from Yellowstone National Park, the number of deer and elk increased dramatically, leading to the overconsumption of vegetation and a decline in plant diversity. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining the balance of nature. As responsible citizens, we should support initiatives that protect the environment and advocate for sustainable development.

板块七：参考译文（Passage 1 全文翻译）

为了扩大绿地面积，纽约市一直秉承长期以来的倡议，每年种植数万棵树。这些树木提供树荫，降低地表温度，吸收惊人量的空气传播的碳，清除微小的污染物，并为野生动物提供栖息地，同时还带来纯粹的美感。

然而，一项新研究指出，事情可能会出问题。橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑物和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物相互作用，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。

这项由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构科学家进行的研究发现，如果该市在新种植中保持过去的树种模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将增加多达30%。

“我们完全支持种植更多树木。它们带来了很多好处，”该研究的合著者Róisín Commane说。“但如果我们不小心，我们可能会使空气质量变得更糟。”

公园部门并非没有意识到这个问题。该部门的一些研究人员几年前进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实释放异戊二烯。“我们并没有对此大惊小怪，”公园部门高级科学家Novem Auyeung说。她说，不应将树木视为敌人。“只要我们重新思考以汽车为中心的生活方式，我们就可以种植任何我们想要的树木，”她说。

“我们不会砍掉任何大的老橡树，”该部门也不会完全停止种植新橡树，Auyeung说。“你必须考虑如果那样做会失去什么。”她指出，橡树是基石物种，为本地昆虫、鸟类和其他动物提供食物和栖息地。

板块八：单词默写（汉译英）

物种；种类 __________

倡导；主张 __________

扩大；扩展 __________

物质 __________

相互作用；互动 __________

释放；排放 __________

维持；保持 __________

模式；方式 __________

得出结论；断定 __________

谨慎；小心 __________