专题1.2 形容词和副词（（高考回眸 + 命题解密 + 误区警示 + 实战通关）课件-2027届高考英语一轮复习【语法攻坚突破·讲练闭环升级】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“形容词和副词”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了词形变换、比较级最高级、易混淆词及特殊结构四大考向，通过2021-2026年高考真题分析明确词形变换（占比约45%）、比较级最高级（占比30%）等高频考点，构建“考向-真题-解析”的系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题讲练+素养提升”的复习模式，如2026年全国II卷“descriptive”词形变换题解析，培养学生语言转化能力；“the+比较级”结构建模训练，提升逻辑思维品质。设单句填空、真题综合等分层训练，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准定位学情，实现高效备考冲刺。

专题1.2 形容词和副词 2027届高考英语一轮复习 【语法攻坚突破•讲练闭环升级】 目录 contents 1. 回眸2021-2026年高考真题 考向1 形容词之词形变换 考向2 副词之词形变换 考向3 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词 2. 命题解密 形容词和副词的功能 形容词和副词的核心考点 3. 书面表达中名词误区警示 4. 实战通关 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(形容词、副词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 1. 回眸高考真题 考向1 形容词之词形变换 单句语法填空 1. (2026年全国高考II卷) Today, we will only be doing the first nine. The movements have ____________ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail”. 【解析】考查动词转换为形容词。句意：这些动作有着描述性的名称，如“抱球”和“揽雀尾”。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处位于名词name前，起修饰作用，意为“描述性的”，应用形容词形式。故填descriptive。 descriptive 2. (2025·全国高考I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the       (strategy) placement of the pieces,      (and) the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,      (digitally) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。 strategic 4. (2025年高考英语北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s  (peace), especially around sunset. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：放学后很多日子，我喜欢带着我的狗Nick在树林里散步。这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 peaceful 3. (2025·全国高考II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,  (where) bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and  (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 central 5. (2024·全国新课标 I卷) The latest __ (engineering) techniques are applied to create this protective ___________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 6. (2023 ·全国新课标 I卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【解析】考查词性转化。句意：小笼包(汤包)，这种由精致的饺子皮包裹着滚烫鲜美的汤汁和鲜甜肉馅的奇妙美食，是我最喜爱的中国街头小吃。此空用来修饰其后的名词soup，应用形容词形式。与后面的sweet, fresh相对应。故用tasty。 functional tasty 7. (2023 ·全国II卷) I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___________ (confidence) speaking English. 【解析】考查词性转化。句意：我一直在帮助动物园的大熊猫饲养员们，让他们在说英语时感到更加轻松自在和自信。此空和其前的comfortable一起，做feel的表语，同样要用形容词形式。故用confident。 8. (2023 ·全国乙卷) The ___________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here. 【解析】考查词性转化。句意：这座城市的发展令人瞩目，它在有意识地保护过去的同时迈向现代世界，这意味着这里总有新的事物等待人们去发现。此空用来修饰其后的名词development，应用形容词形式。故填remarkable。 confident remarkable 9. (2022 ·全国II卷) They both fell _______ (sleep) while watching TV.  【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们俩在看电视的时候睡着了。fall asleep意为“睡着了”，其中fall为系动词，asleep为形容词。虽然sleepy也是形容词，从语法上看，好像也可以，但不符合上下文表达。故用asleep。 10. (2021 ·全国II卷) I told him how _________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 【解析】考查词性转化。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，所填的词做表语。故填harmful。 harmful asleep 11. (2021 ·全国卷II) I was so ________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。所填的词做表语，所以用形容词，修饰人，所以填excited。 excited 考向 2 副词之词形变换 单句语法填空 1. (2026年全国高考II卷)For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain __________ (entire) in one spot to warm up. 【解析】考查形容词转变为副词。句意：在太极拳课的前15分钟里，我们完全待在原地热身。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰动词remain，应填副词作状语。故填entirely。 2. (2026年1月浙江省高考) Life is full of so many ___________ (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 【解析】考查形容词转变为副词。句意：生活中充满了许多看似平淡无奇的时刻，但我们可以把其中任何一个变成庆祝。此处修饰形容词uneventful，应用副词seemingly“看似”，作状语。故填seemingly。 entirely seemingly 3. (2025·全国高考 I卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the  (strategic) placement of the pieces,      (and) the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,       (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【解析】考查副词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 digitally 4. (2023 ·全国卷I) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _______ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【解析】此处考查词性转换。句意：不论我在哪里买，一蒸笼包子总是不够，两笼又似乎太贪心，所以每次总是让我欲求不满。修饰形容词 enough，应用副词形式，故应填rarely。 rarely 5. (2023 ·全国II卷) So, what are they learning? __________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 【解析】此处考查词性转换。句意：那么，他们在学什么？基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。此处用在句首，应该用副词做状语，注意词形变化，-ic结尾的形容词变副词时，先加-al，再加-ly，但public直接加-ly。另外注意第一个字母要大写。故用Basically。 Basically 6. (2023年高考英语北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (threw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ________ (exact) on time. 【解析】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 exactly 6. (2022 ·全国II卷) When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：当他向下看时，不慎滑倒，跌下了边缘。此空用来修饰后面的动词slipped，经常用副词形式修饰谓语动词，此处意为“偶然、碰巧”。故用accidentally。 accidentally 5. (2022 ·全国I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ___________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 eventually 7. (2021 ·全国I卷) It will ____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，它将帮助你恢复精神！此空用在动词前面，应该用副词形式做状语。故填undoubtedly。 8. (2020 ·全国I卷) Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging. 【解析】此处考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆极具挑战性。此空用在形容词challenging前面，应该用副词形式做状语。故填extremely。 undoubtedly extremely 考向3 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 单句语法填空 1. (2026年全国高考I卷)Before ___ (heading) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly ________ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：在回家之前，他们把购物袋装满了当地农民的新鲜水果和蔬菜，这些比超市里的便宜得多。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处后有than，表示两者之间的比较，应用形容词的比较级形式。cheap的比较级为cheaper，且much可修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。故填cheaper。 cheaper 2. (2025年高考英语北京卷) Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly  (long). 【解析】考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。 longer 3. (2024·全国新课标II卷)Yellowstone was the _______ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __ (which) became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 largest 4. (2021 ·全国I卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______ (hot) the spring! 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：泉水令人惊奇的地方在于，气温越低，泉水越热！此处考查的是the more...，the more...句型，另外注意hot是重读闭音节词，词尾辅音字母 t 应该双写。故填hotter。 hotter 单句语法填空 1. (2026·湖北襄阳·三模) Also, contrary to the common assumption that weaving is light or delicate work, he emphasized the ____________ (consider) physical strength — especially during long hours of repetitive motion. 【解析】considerable 考查形容词。句意：此外，与人们普遍认为织布是轻松或精细活的看法相反，他强调了这需要相当大的体力——尤其是在长时间重复动作。提示词修饰名词strength，用形容词considerable作定语，意为“重要的，相当大的”。它的另一个形容词形式considerate，意为“考虑周到的”，不符合此空意思。故填considerable。 2. (2026·湖南长沙·模拟预测)Certain cafes simulate courtroom proceedings by stamping a “successful mediation” mark once customers have completed their ____________ (personal) coffee orders. 【解析】personalized 考查形容词。句意：某些咖啡馆模拟法庭程序，一旦顾客完成个性化的咖啡订单，就会盖上“成功调解”的印章。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词短语coffee orders，应用形容词personalized“个性化的”。提示词本来也是一个形容词，意思是“个人的”，直接用它不符合句意 。故填personalized。 considerable   考向4 易混淆形容词、副词与特殊结构中的副词 personalized 4. (25-26高三下·山东·阶段检测) Zhong Mo Yuan (The Ink-Sown Garden), a TV series devoted to advocating the thousand-year-old Xuan paper culture, was _________ (public) announced to have started shooting on Sept. 21 in the city of Xuancheng in Anhui province, with ___ (an) 80-day filming schedule, according to the producers. 【解析】publicly 考查副词。句意：电视连续剧《播种墨香园》致力于弘扬千年宣纸文化，已于9月21日在安徽宣城公开开机，拍摄周期为80天。public是形容词，需要变成副词修饰谓语was announced。故填publicly。 publicly 3.(2026·湖北黄冈·模拟预测) In our busy lives, take just 20 minutes for yourself. On a soft spring afternoon, pick your           (favor) color and wander through the city streets. 【解析】favorite  考查形容词。句意：在我们忙碌的生活中，只为自己留出20分钟。在柔软的春日午后，挑选你最喜欢的颜色，漫步在街道上。根据句子结构来判断，此空用形容词形式，修饰其后的名词color。故填favorite。 favorite 6. (25-26高三下·重庆沙坪坝·阶段检测)“Since several years ago, more authentic Chinese cuisines     (have appeared) in Italy and Europe, offering greater variety and cultural experiences that people          (true) appreciate,” says regular customer Gianluca Corrias. 【解析】truly 考查副词。句意：常客吉安卢卡·科里亚斯说：“自从几年前以来，更多正宗的中国美食出现在意大利和欧洲，提供了更多样化的选择和文化体验，深受人们的喜爱。”此处修饰动词appreciate，应用副词truly，意为“真正地”。 truly 5. (2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测) “My role was not to impose a new vision; the inspiration came from understanding that this place already possessed everything it needed — character, strength and a clear voice — and my task was _______ (simple) to align the work with that truth,” she recalls. 【解析】simply 考查副词。句意：她回忆道：“我的角色不是强加一种新的愿景；这份灵感来自于明白这个地方已经拥有了它所需的一切——个性、力量和清晰的声音——而我的任务仅仅是使工作与这一真相保持一致。”空格位于不定式短语to align the work with that truth之前，需要副词来修饰该不定式短语。simple的副词形式是simply，意为“仅仅是”。故填simply。 simply 2. 命题解密 框架结构图 形容词 词缀 级 倍数表达式 前缀 后缀 原级 比较级 最高级 A+谓语 + 倍数 +比较级 +than +B A+谓语 +倍数 +as+原级 +as+B A+谓语 +倍数+the+名词+of+B 副词 词缀(后缀)规则 分类 级 比较级 最高级 形容词的句法功能： 1. 作定语（Attributive） 形容词修饰名词或代词，通常位于被修饰词之前 (前置定语)。 常规位置：a beautiful flower (美丽的花)， an interesting book (有趣的书) 后置定语情况(高频考点！)： 修饰复合不定代词时： something special (特殊的事情)，nothing important (不重要的事) 形容词短语作定语时： a problem difficult to solve (难以解决的问题) 【注意】多个形容词修饰名词时，需遵循顺序规则(口诀：限定词→观点→大小→形状→年龄→颜色→国籍→材料→用途)。 例：a lovely small round old brown Chinese wooden table (理论顺序，实际考试中一般不超过3个形容词)。 2. 作表语（Predicative） 形容词位于系动词(如 be, seem, become, feel, look, sound, taste 等)后，描述主语状态。 The movie is so boring that I kept checking my phone every few minutes, hoping it would end. She felt so excited that her heart raced like the countdown before the final exam. 【易错点】 区分以 -ing (令人…的，修饰物)和 -ed (感到…的，修饰人)结尾的形容词： The news that our school will cancel the graduation ceremony is so surprising that no one could say a word for a long time. He was surprised at the news that he had won the national English competition. 【真题例句】 The result of the experiment seemed disappointing, but it was actually significant. (-ing修饰物，-ed修饰人) The soup tastes salty; you may need to add some water. (感官动词taste +形容词) 3. 作宾语补足语（Object Complement） 形容词补充说明宾语的状态，常见于“动词+宾语+形容词”结构。 Keep the window open to let in the cool air when it is very hot in the summer. They found it absolutely impossible to complete the task in scheduled time. 【常见高频动词】make, leave, consider, keep, find, paint (如 paint the door red)。 【高考常见考法】动词+宾语+形容词结构。 【真题例句】 The teacher found his answer clearly incorrect after double-checking the formula. (find +宾语+形容词) Keep your eyes open for any changes throughout the experiment. (keep +宾语+形容词) 4. 作状语（Adverbial） 形容词单独或构成短语表示伴随、原因等，多用于书面语。 Hungry and tired, she walked home along the dimly lit street, her stomach growling with every step. She stared at him, speechless, her mouth slightly open and her hands frozen in mid-air. 高考常见考法：形容词短语表伴随或原因（多出现在完形填空）。 【真题例句】 Alone and scared, the little girl hid under the bed, after hearing a sudden crash from the living room.（伴随状语） Unable to speak because of the lump in his throat, he nodded slowly to show agreement.（原因状语） 5.形容词作独立成分 形容词（或形容词短语）在句子中不直接修饰名词或作表语，而是独立于主句之外，表示说话者的态度、评价，或补充说明整个句子的背景、原因、伴随状态等。这类结构通常用逗号与主句隔开，位置灵活（句首、句中、句尾均可）。 【常见用法及高考真题例句】 (1) 表示说话者的态度或评价 Strange, no one was in the classroom when the fire started, even though it was during school hours. (形容词 Strange 独立使用，表达说话者的惊讶。) More importantly, the experiment proved our theory correct, despite the initial skepticism from our colleagues. (更重要的是，实验证明了我们的理论正确。) 【高考链接】 Surprisingly, the ancient method turned out to be more effective than modern techniques, even though it relied on simpler tools and natural materials. 2. 表示伴随状态或原因 Tired but happy, the climbers reached the summit at dawn after hours of battling freezing winds and steep cliffs. （形容词短语说明主语的状态，相当于状语。） The child fell asleep, exhausted from playing, a blue pencil still clutched in his fingers. （做状语时也可以放在句子后面或中间。） 【高考链接】 Alone and helpless, the puppy wandered in the rain, not knowing where his master had gone. 3. 固定短语作插入语 Needless to say, honesty is the best policy because it always guarantees success. （不用说，诚实是最好的策略，因为它总能带来成功。） The answer, obvious to all, was finally accepted. No cheers, no applause—just a long, knowing silence. （答案显而易见，最终被大家接受了。没有欢呼，也没有掌声——只有一阵漫长的、心照不宣的沉默。） 【高考高频固定搭配】 Most importantly (最重要的是) Sure enough (果不其然) Worse still (更糟的是) Strange to say (说来奇怪) True enough (确实) True enough (确实) 6. 其他特殊用法 The + 形容词：表示一类人或抽象概念（谓语动词需用复数或单数根据意义决定）。 The rich should help the poor so that the gap between them can be narrowed.（富人应帮助穷人，以缩小贫富差距。） The unknown is often terrifying, especially when we feel helpless.（未知的事物往往令人恐惧，尤其是在我们感到无助的时候。） 形容词短语： Ever since childhood, Henry has been afraid of dogs. （从童年起，亨利就一直怕狗。） The box is almost full of toys, with just a tiny space left on top. （这个盒子几乎装满了玩具，顶部只剩一点点空间。） 【真题例句】 The elderly need more care in public places, especially on public transportation. （老年人在公共场所需要更多照顾，尤其是在公共交通工具上。）（谓语动词用复数） 副词的句法功能： 副词用作状语，说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。 1. 修饰动词（Adverbial of Manner/Time/Place） 表示动作的方式、时间、地点等，通常位于动词后或句末。 The scientist observed the experiment carefully. (方式) To solve the problem, think creatively. (方式) The conference will be held tomorrow. (时间) Please wait outside until your name is called. (地点) 【高考真题例句】 The boy ran quickly to catch the bus. She looked carefully at the instructions. 【易错警示】 ❌ She speaks English good. ✅ She speaks English well. 2. 修饰形容词 / 副词（Intensifiers） 表示程度，通常位于形容词前。 ★程度副词+形容词 The math problem is extremely challenging for an elementary school student. （这道数学题对小学生来说太难了。） His explanation was surprisingly clear—I didn’t even need to ask a single follow-up question. (他的解释出奇地清楚—我甚至一个问题都不用追问。) ★副词修饰副词 The AI system works unbelievably efficiently. 【高考真题例句】 As a reboot of a beloved classic, the movie was surprisingly good. The problem is fairly simple for someone with my background. 【高频程度副词】 very, quite, rather, extremely, fairly, pretty, too, so 3. 修饰其他副词（Adverb Modifying Adverb） 表示程度或方式，通常位于被修饰副词前。结构为：修饰副词 (前)+ 被修饰副词(后) ★表示程度 (常见修饰词：very, quite, rather, extremely, slightly等) He runs extremely quickly so that no one can catch up with him. (“extremely”修饰“quickly”，强调速度的程度) She answered quite confidently without a moment’s hesitation. (“quite”弱化“confidently”的语气) 【高考真题例句】 The car moved unbelievably slowly, inching forward at a pace. She answered surprisingly well as if she’d been involved from day one. ★表示方式 (常见修饰词：so, too, really, almost等) The car stopped almost abruptly, throwing me forward hard. (“almost”修饰“abruptly”，表示接近某种方式) She spoke really softly, her voice barely above a whisper. 4. 修饰整个句子（Sentence Adverb） 表示说话者的态度或观点，通常位于句首，并用逗号隔开。 ★评注性副词 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident and the cars were badly damaged. Obviously, regular exercise benefits health, and even enhancing mental well-being. ★逻辑衔接副词 The method is simple; however, it requires patience much like growing a garden. 【高考真题例句】 Obviously, the plan needs improvement, and the budget is underestimated. Surprisingly, he passed the exam without studying and his classmates stared in disbelief. 【高频句子副词】obviously, fortunately, unfortunately, surprisingly, honestly, hopefully 【写作加分项】 首段可用Generally speaking, 结尾用Therefore/Hence提升连贯性。 5. 副词的句法位置（高考高频考点） 【一般规则】 ★方式副词（-ly） 通常位于动词后或句末。 Young as she is, she danced beautifully and elegantly. He said again and again and explained the rule clearly. ★频率副词（always, often, never…） 通常位于实义动词前，be动词/助动词后。 He obeys the school rule, and always arrives on time. She is the manager of the club, and usually very busy. ★程度副词（very, quite, too…） 通常位于形容词/副词前。 Winter comes and it’s very cold outside today. He runs too fast in the race and surpasses many other athletes. 6. 高考常考副词辨析 副词 用法 例句 hard（努力地） hardly（几乎不） late（晚） lately（最近） high（高） highly（高度地） He works hard at English in high school and improves very fast. She is very lazy and hardly studies though her parents are strict with her. Because of the traffic accident, he arrived late for his position. Hi, have you seen her lately? I’ve been trying to reach her since morning. The weather is terrible and the plane flew high. She is admitted into a key unversity and highly respected. 修饰动词 否定含义 时间副词 = recently 具体高度 抽象程度 【真题例句】 He hardly ever eats junk food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, or instant noodles. She was highly praised for her work, a detailed research paper on climate change. 形容词和副词的核心考点 1.形容词和副词的位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。 以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记： (1)形容词短语作定语，须后置。 a question impossible to answer; a puzzle tricky to complete (2)表语形容词(afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive等) 作定语，须后置，如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词 如 well, faint, ill 只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体或精神上“不适的”、“不健康的”、“有病的”等， 而是表示类似bad (不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。 If he hasn’t recovered by next week, he will have been ill for 10 days. Ill fortune shadowed the explorers like a specter throughout the expedition. (3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词 one, no, any, some 和 every 构成的复合词如 anything, something等时，通常后置。 Money is useful, but friendship is something more important. (4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough修饰名词前置或后置均可;修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。 (6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。 Just as we were about to give up, working together outdoors under the stars inspired a brilliant solution. (7)频度副词如often, always, usually等放在be动词后，行为动词前。 (8)副词作定语，须后置。 Turning toward the voice there, Lucy saw a wounded puppy. (9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)+观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词) +形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)+年龄或新旧词+颜色词 +产地或来源词+材料或种类词 +用途词+名词。 a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella (10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。 ①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等，意思上和原词不一样。好多此类词都是名词-ly结尾。 ②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词： high / highly high 高 highly 高度地 deep / deeply deep 深 deeply 深入地 wide / widely wide 宽广 widely 广泛地 low / lowly low 位置低 lowly 地位卑微地 close / closely close 近 closely 亲近地 ③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词： dead 完全，绝对 Don’t bother calling him after midnight—he’ll be dead asleep by then. deadly 非常 I’m deadly tired and just want to crash on the couch. pretty 相当 She’s pretty certain that she locked the door before she left. prettily 漂亮地 The little girl was prettily dressed in a pink bow and a frilly skirt for her birthday. close 近 The restaurant was so crowded that we had to sit close to strangers at the next table. closely 密切地 If you want to learn how to make this dish, watch closely—every step matters. late 晚，迟 She always arrives late to meetings, and it’s starting to annoy everyone. lately 最近 I’ve been feeling deadly tired lately—I think I need to take a few days off. 2.形容词和副词的比较等级 (1)原级的构成和用法。 【构成】形容词、副词的原级即本身。 【用法】表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so/as+ 原级形容词/副词 +as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。 I once had a dream, in which I saw rice plants as tall as sorghum. I wish I could express myself as fluently as you do in debates. When I wear my magic slippers, I can jump as high as my house. The asteroid (小行星) was estimated to be as large as 2 kilometers in diameter. (2)比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 (3)比较级的用法。 ①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。 The Bund looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on. ②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than。”的结构表示。 Digital products can be less beautiful than physical ones. ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如 even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far 等修饰。 I’m much happier now, and I work even harder than I used to. 注意： (A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。 She is more comfortable than she was yesterday, because yesterday she was a wreck. Please come to class earlier tomorrow—we have a special guest speaker joining us. (B)by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。 His work was better by far than that of any other printer in the factory. Henry is by far the taller of the two cousins, but when they were kids, they were almost the same size. ④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级(主语+谓语), the +比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……就越……”)。 I believe the harder you work, the better you will be in the future. ⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and + 比较级”的结构。 The weather is getting hotter and hotter when summer comes. ⑥某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than。这些词有inferior (劣等的，次的)，superior (较好的，优于……)，junior（资历较浅的），senior（资格较老的），prior（在……之前）等。 This model is technically superior to its competitors. Prior to the 19th century, there were almost no channels of social mobility. ⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those)，one (ones)代替前面出现的名词。that 指物，one既可指人又可指物；that可代替单数可数名词(相当于the one)和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。 The novel on the table is more interesting than I expected it to be. I think Alice Wang is the only one who can complete the task. ⑧倍数表达法。 (A) A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, etc.) of B. The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth. (B) A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, etc.) as B. The sitting room is three times as large as the kitchen. (C) A is three (four, etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, etc.) than B. Can you imagine a sea of sand three times bigger than India? 注意：用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，一倍用 once，两倍可以用 twice 或 double。 (4)最高级的用法。 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 I have many friends in the university, the tallest of whom is Wei Fang from Anhui. Henry is the only one of the students who works (the) hardest at present in his class. ②最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really 等词或短语修饰。 This exhibition hall is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite the largest. ③表示“最高程度”的形容词。如 excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 Among all the candidates, my daughter proves to be the most diligent, consistently devoting herself to her studies with unparalleled perseverance. ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 Among all his peers, he often came (the) earliest to arrive at the class every single day. ⑥否定词 +比较级 =最高级 He has never spent a more comfortable weekend than this one, when he finally put aside all his homework. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 ②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。 I thought this was a most clever idea for home business, selling handmade cookies online. (most = very) The film we saw last night is most thrilling because of its spectacular visual effects. (most = very) ③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加 the。 Of the two moves I’ve made in my career, that decision was undoubtedly the smarter one. ④在“the+比较级...，the+比较级..”结构中，可用省略形式。 The sooner, the better. (6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。 ①as much as 用于表示具体数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数，价格”等方面，表示总量和单位量的大小，意思是“……之多；多达……” Nobody in the kindergarten suffered half as much as the two boys did, however. Under the new regulations, one in five cars may need repairs costing as much as $120. ②as many as 常用于人或物的具体数量前，侧重于具体数目，意思是“和……一样多；多达……” The tornado that happened in Phillipines is thought to be responsible for as many as four thousand deaths. ③as early as 早在 Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. ④as far as远到；就……而知(论) Fields and hills stretched out as far as (远到) the eye could see, dressed in pure white snow under a pale winter sky, silent and majestic. As far as I knew (据我所知), there was no cause for concern, for the symptoms were mild and temporary. ⑤may (might) as well 不妨，不如 We might as well give it to someone who needs it more than we do, since we already have plenty. ⑥as... as one can 尽某人所能的…… Xie Zhenyue began to dash to the finishing line, as fast as he could. ⑦as...as possible 尽可能……的 We are as fresh as possible for the final exam, having had a good night’s sleep and a nutritious breakfast. 3. 几组重要的词语辨析 (1) very 和 much 的区别。 ①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very 不用 much。 ②表示状态的分词形容词前用 very。如 a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem。一般情况下，以-ing, -ed结尾的分词形容词多用much, very much, greatly等 修饰。 All of the students in our school were greatly shocked by the news that our football had won. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude to his devoted father, who loved him deeply. ③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting / worrying / exciting。 The story is very interesting, and what’s more, it left a deep impression on me, making me reflect on my own relationships with my family. ④too 前用 much, a lot 或 far，不用 very。如：You are much/ far/a lot too nice. 另外，在 too many/much, too few/little 前可用far。 Yet I believe far too little attention has been given these findings. There are far too many people for me to sincerely thank for my success. ⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构： (A)修饰“绝对”意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite, completely, well, entirely。如：quite wrong (mistaken, sure), completely dead, quite impossible, quite perfect等。 (B)修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。 (C)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold/frightening。 (2) so...that...与such...that...的区别。 so + 形容词/副词 + that... so+形容词 +a(n)+可数名词单数 +that... so +many/few +复数名词 +that... so +much/little(少) +不可数名词 +that... such +a(n) +形容词 +可数名词单数 + that... such+形容词 + 不可数名词 +that... such +形容词 + 复数名词 + that... 注意：下列结构中只能用 so 不可用such：当名词前有 many, much, little, few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如so much progress, so many people, so little food, so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用 such，如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves. 下列短语中so 的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。 (3)其他几组词的辨析。 ①ago, before：ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before 而不用 ago。 ②already, yet, still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 ③too, also, either：too 和 also 用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also 多用于书面语；either用于否定句。 ④good, well：与good 不同的是，well作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好的”；well还可作副词修饰动词。 ⑤quick, fast：作形容词皆表示“快的”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思；quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 ⑥real, true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 ⑦hard, difficult：均表示“困难”，但 hard 通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 4. 词形转换 (1)名词或动词转化为形容词的规律 类别 例 词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced 词尾加-ful/less meaning→meaningful, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, color→colorful, use→useless/ useful, thank→thankful, peace→peaceful 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humor→humorous, poison→poisonous 词尾加-ce/t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 动词词尾加-tive attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive (2)形容词转化为副词的规律 类别 例词 形容词 +后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变成i 再加-ly happy→happily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, heavy→heavily, noisy→noisily 词尾为le 的形容词，去掉e，再加-y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably 词尾为ue的 形容词，去掉 e再加-ly true→truly, due→duly, 但argue→arguably, continue→continually / continuously 词尾为ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为 ic的形容词，加ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 3. 书面表达中形容词和副词误区警示 1.搭配错误 (误) “I failed in the exam again,” she said, her face wearing a sadly expression. (正) “I failed in the exam again,” she said, her face wearing a sad expression. (误) The students in the class felt very sadly after they heard the bad news. (正) The students in the class felt very sad after they heard the bad news. (误) On arriving at the conference hall, the famous scientist was warm welcomed by the audience as soon as he appeared. (正) On arriving at the conference hall, the famous scientist was warmly welcomed by the audience as soon as he appeared. 2.汉语干扰，词性混乱 (1)形容词误作动词 (误) The company eager to gain a foothold in the European market by establishing local partnerships. (正) The company is eager to gain a foothold in the European market by establishing local partnerships. (2)形容词与名词混淆 (误) The school rule requiring us to wear uniforms teaches us the important of obedience and discipline. (正) The school rule requiring us to wear uniforms teaches us the importance of obedience and discipline. (3)形容词与副词混淆 (误) Unfortunate, they ran into a snowstorm howling like a pack of wolves. (正) Unfortunately, they ran into a snowstorm howling like a pack of wolves. 3.比较级的错误表达 (误) The living expense now is becoming more and more high. (误) The living expense now is becoming more and more higher. (正) The living expense now is becoming higher and higher. 4.实战通关 I.单句语法填空(原创) While this intelligent robot can perform tasks far ______ (efficient), we must ask ourselves: should we sacrifice human employment. 【解析】more efficiently 考查多音节副词比较级。(efficiently → more efficiently), 关键提示词than确定比较级，修饰动词perform需用副词形式。 2. Out of the three proposed solutions they put forward at the meeting, we thought the first one is ______ (practical), while the last is ______ (expensive). 【解析】the most practical; the most expensive 考查最高级在具体数量范围(among...)中的使用，多音节形容词最高级结构the most+原级。特别提示：expensive虽是三音节，仍属规则变化。 3. ______ (reliable) than the old version as the new algorithm is, it is not ______ (versatile) as we expected. 【解析】More reliable; as versatile 第一空：than提示比较级，reliable属多音节形容词；第二空：not as...as同级比较否定结构，需保持原级。 4. Surprisingly, the ______ (little) preparation you make before the present experiment, the ______ (bad) results you’ll get in the end. 【解析】less; worse 考查“The+比较级..., the+比较级...”固定结构。little→less（不规则比较级）；bad→worse（必须熟记不规则变化），典型错误：误认preparation为不可数名词填least（结构优先于单词语法）。 5. Having read dozens of literary classics, never have I read a ______ (thought-provoking) novel than this one by the Nobel Prize winner. 【解析】more thought-provoking 倒装句中的比较级 (还原为I have never read...than...)。复合形容词thought-provoking属多音节，需加more构成比较级。 6. It’s universally acknowledged that the ______ (early) children start learning a second language in a natural environment, the ______ (fluent) they will eventually become. 【解析】earlier; more fluent 双比较级结构，early单音节词直接加-er；fluent→more fluent多音节变化。语义考点：隐含“越早越流利”的递进关系。 7. As we climbed higher, the mountain trail grew ______ (steep), yet the scenery around us was ______ (breathtaking) of the entire journey. 【解析】steeper; the most breathtaking 第一空：than提示比较级，steep单音节词直接加-er。第二空：of the entire journey暗示最高级范围，breathtaking多音节用most。 8. She works ______ (hard) than anyone else in the team, often staying until midnight, yet she ______ (gentle) encourages her colleagues whenever they feel discouraged. 【解析】harder; gently 第一空：后有表示比较的than，hard是单音节副词，比较级加-er；第二空：副词修饰动词encourages，用gentle的副词形式gently。典型错误：hard本身可作副词，无需变hardly (语义完全改变)。 9. This coastal area once offered ______ (good) seafood in the country, but the situation has become ______ (bad) than ever before due to water pollution. 【解析】the best; worse 第一空：in the country提示最高级，good → best属于不规则变化；第二空：than提示比较级，bad→worse也属于不规则变化。重点警示：badly比较级也是worse (但此处需形容词作表语)。 10. Curiously enough, the ______ (much) scientists explore the heavens, the ______ (little) certain they become about the ultimate origin of the cosmos. 【解析】more; less 双比较级结构，much→more；little→less (修饰不可数名词understanding)。语义难点：体现“研究越多，理解越少”的悖论关系。终极陷阱：little可能误认为small的比较级(smaller)。 The Zhuang “March 3rd” Festival in Guangxi The Zhuang people’s “March 3rd” Festival is widely regarded as the most vibrant traditional celebration in Guangxi. For the Zhuang, this festival is far (important) than any ordinary holiday, honoring ancestors and expressing love through song. Visitors are deeply impressed by the (extreme) lively atmosphere. The festival is much more colorful than I had imagined. People wear their (fine) costumes, with silver ornaments shining brightly. The most magnificent outfits belong to young singers, decorated with the most intricate patterns. The folk song competition is by far the most exciting part. Young people sing loudly and passionately to attract partners. The longer it lasts, _____________ (energetic) they become. The more creatively they compose, the more (enthusiastic) the audience responds. The most skillful singers exchange verses rapidly and cleverly for hours. Traditional sports include throwing embroidered balls, which is far more (challenge) than it looks. Young men must catch balls skillfully. The bamboo pole dance requires moving (graceful) and rhythmically between clapping poles — much more difficult than ordinary dances. The most famous dish is five-color rice, far more appealing than plain rice. The colors are naturally extracted. The longer the ham ages, the richer the flavor. Beyond fun, the festival carries (profound) cultural value. The more young people listen attentively to the elderly, the more they cherish their heritage. This is undoubtedly (precious) Zhuang tradition. The more deeply you experience it, the more warmly you are (welcome). I strongly suggest visiting Guangxi — memories will shine most brightly in your heart. Ⅱ.语法填空(形容词和副词基础训练)(原创) more important extremely finest the more energetic enthusiastically challenging gracefully profoundly the most precious welcomed 【导语】本文是一篇介绍广西壮族传统节日“三月三”的说明文。文章从节日的文化意义、节日氛围、山歌比赛、传统体育活动和特色美食等多个角度，生动地展现了这一盛大节日的独特魅力。 1. more important 考查形容词比较级。句意：这个节日比任何其它一般节日理想重要。句中出现了比较级的核心标志词 than，因此需要用比较级。important 是一个多音节形容词，其比较级不能通过加 -er 构成，而要在前面加 more，故填 more important。 2. extremely 考查副词。句意：游客们对极其热闹的节日氛围留下了深刻的印象。这里的 lively 虽然以 -ly 结尾，但它是形容词，意思是“热闹的、活泼的”，而不是副词。因此需要用副词 extremely 来修饰它，表示"极其热闹的"。形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词。故填extremely。 3. finest 考查形容词最高级。句意：人们穿上了最好的衣服。这里的 costumes（服装）前有物主代词 their，说明“人们穿着他们最精美的服装”，需要用最高级形式。“物主代词 + 最高级 + 名词”是一个常见的最高级表达结构，用来表示“某人最……的……”。故填finest。 4. the more energetic 考查定冠词+形容词比较级。句意：它(山歌比赛)持续越久，他们越精力充沛。这是一个典型的双比较级结构，即“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”，表示“越……，越……”。前半句已经用了 The longer，后半句必须用 the more energetic 与之呼应。故填 the more energetic。 5. enthusiastically 考查副词。句意：他们创作得越有创意，观众回应得就越热情。此处需要判断 the more 后面的词性。responds 是动词“回应”，需要用副词来修饰它，表示“热情地回应”。前半句的creatively是副词，enthusiastically 与之形成平行对应。故填enthusiastically。 6. challenging 考查形容词。句意：传统体育活动包括抛绣球，这远比看起来要更具挑战性。is 是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语。challenge是名词或动词，需变为形容词 challenging，意思是“有挑战性的”。注意不要填 challenged，因为 -ed 形式的形容词通常用来形容人的感受，而此处描述的是运动项目本身的属性。故填challenging。 7. gracefully 考查副词。句意：竹竿舞要求表演者在开合拍打的竹竿之间优雅而有节奏地移动。这里moving是动名词，需要用副词来修饰它。同时，空格后面出现了and rhythmically，并列结构前后词性要一致，所以前面也必须用副词 gracefully。故填gracefully。 8. profoundly 考查副词。句意：除了娱乐性之外，这个节日还具有深远的文化价值。cultural value中的cultural是形容词，需要用副词 profoundly 来修饰 cultural，表示“深远的文化价值”。故填profoundly。 9. the most precious 考查形容词最高级。句意：毫无疑问，这在壮族传统中是最珍贵的。precious 是多音节形容词，其最高级形式为 the most precious，表示“最珍贵的”。从上下文来看，这句话是在众多壮族传统中突出强调“三月三”的地位，因此需要用最高级。故填the most precious。 10. welcomed 考查形容词。句意：你体验得越深入，你受到的欢迎就越热烈。这里的 are 是系动词，are welcomed 表示“受到欢迎”。需要注意的是，welcome 本身也可以作形容词，但在此处前面有副词warmly修饰，且与 are 搭配构成被动语态，因此必须填过去分词 welcomed。 III.语法填空(形容词和副词综合训练) (2022年6月浙江) To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _____________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ______ (do). John Olson, a former _____________ (photograph), and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to reveal art to _____ blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity — the brain’s adaptability—shows that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) is stimulated by touch. Blind people perceive shapes with their ________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________ (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa,” he _________ (notice) her smile right away. “I could actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. For Luc, this means _____________ (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it _____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.” be appreciated to do photographer the existing sighted at noticed independence and 【导语】本文介绍了如何通过触觉让盲人“欣赏”绘画。通常，人们通过色彩、构图和光线来理解画作，但对于盲人来说，触觉成为关键。前摄影师 John Olson 及其团队将平面画作转化为可触摸的 3D 模型，使盲人能够通过触摸感知艺术。这项创新不仅拓展了艺术的包容性，也展现了人类感官和大脑的惊人适应能力。 1. be appreciated 考查被动语态。句意：但是，一幅画要如何才能被盲人欣赏呢？句子主语是a painting，与动词appreciate之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态 can be appreciated (能被欣赏)。故填be appreciated。 2. to do 考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意：通过触摸，而这恰恰是美术馆标识告诉你不要做的一件事。tell you not to do ... 是固定搭配，表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，不定式 “to do” 作宾语补足语。故填to do。 3. photographer 考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森，一位前摄影师，和他的团队将绘画作品转化为具有完整纹理的3D模型。根据句意，John Olson 的职业是“摄影师”，因此用名词 photographer。 4. the 考查定冠词。句意：这些可触知的画作之所以能作为向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，是因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看：我们是用大脑来看的。the blind是固定表达，指“盲人群体”，相当于blind people。故填the。 5. existing 考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特（Ella Striem-Amit）表示，盲人是用他们现有的感官来感知形状的，其方式与视力正常的人类似。此处修饰senses (感官)，表示“现有的感官”，用形容词existing。故填existing。 6. sighted 考查形容词。句意同上。与“blind”相对的是“有视力的人”，因此用 “sighted” (有视力的)。故填sighted。 7. at 考查介词。句意：卢克·甘达里亚斯（Luc Gandarias）今年十三岁，他在七岁时突然失明。at age seven 是固定搭配，表示“在七岁时”，相当于at the age of seven。故填at。 8. noticed 考查过去式。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇《蒙娜丽莎》的3D版本时，他立刻就注意到了她的微笑。全文时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式 “noticed”。故填noticed。 9. independence 考查名词。句意：对于来说，这意谓着独立。根据句意，Luc 认为这种触觉绘画意味着“独立”，此空做宾语，应该用名词。故填independence。 10. and 考查并列连词。句意：那种能够（用触觉）看见它并形成自己观点的感觉，就像作为一个盲人又推倒了一堵墙。此处连接两个并列动作 see it 和 form my opinion，因此用连词 。故填and。 Thank you $