第7讲 名词短语形容词短语和副词短语-导学案-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 Day 7 · 第 7 讲 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 项目 内容 版本 导学案 建议用时 30-40 分钟 学习程式 情境观察 → 规律发现 → 知识梳理 → 分层练习 → 语篇应用 → 学习打卡 学习目标 能根据中心词辨认NP、AdjP和AdvP；能判断短语在句中的常见功能；能正确使用enough；能用短语补充校园表达并修改一段简单草稿。 本讲学习程式 比较基本表达与丰富表达 → 找中心词 → 判断短语边界与功能 → 完成分层练习 → 用三类短语修改草稿 → 在校园阅读中迁移 → 整理短语并自评 一、情境观察：同一个意思，哪种表达信息更清楚 设计依据 参考人教版必修一Unit 1第16页Discovering Useful Structures的学习路径，使用Welcome Unit和Unit 1校园情境重新命制，材料与习题均为原创。 比较A、B两组表达，划出B组中比A组增加的信息，再回答问题。 序号 A：基本表达 B：信息更完整的表达 1 Students waited outside. The new exchange students waited outside the school hall. 2 Amy felt nervous. Amy felt a little nervous about her first class. 3 The teacher spoke clearly. The teacher spoke quite slowly and clearly. 4 It was a classroom. It was a bright and comfortable classroom. 1. 第1、4组增加的信息主要补充了“人或事物”的哪些特点？________________________ 2. 第2组怎样说明Amy紧张的程度和原因？_______________________________________ 3. 第3组怎样说明老师说话的方式？____________________________________________ 4. B组增加的信息是否都能独立构成完整句子？为什么？____________________________ 观察提示 短语是一组围绕中心词组织起来的词。它有一定意义，但通常不能独立构成句子。判断短语类别时先找中心词，不能只看短语长短。 二、规律发现：先找中心词，再判断短语类别 完整短语 中心词 中心词词性 短语类别 主要作用 the new exchange students students 名词 名词短语（NP） 指人或事物 a little nervous about her first class nervous 形容词 形容词短语（AdjP） 说明性质或状态 quite slowly and clearly slowly / clearly 副词 副词短语（AdvP） 说明动作方式或程度 完成判断： 1. a very useful study plan：中心词________；短语类别________ 2. ready for the new school life：中心词________；短语类别________ 3. well enough：中心词________；短语类别________ 4. the two clubs near the library：中心词________；短语类别________ 核心规律 中心词是名词，整个短语就是NP；中心词是形容词，整个短语就是AdjP；中心词是副词，整个短语就是AdvP。 三、知识梳理 （一）名词短语：把“谁或什么”说得更具体 名词短语以名词为中心。中心名词前可以有限定词、形容词或描述性名词，后面还可以接介词短语补充范围或位置。 观察项目 说明 基本结构 （限定词）＋（形容词/描述性名词）＋名词＋（介词短语） 例1 the new student：the（限定词）＋new（形容词）＋student（中心名词） 例2 two school clubs near the library：two＋school＋clubs＋near the library 常见功能 作主语、宾语或表语，在句中的作用相当于名词 1. The new exchange student is from Britain. NP：________________；功能：________ 2. Amy chose an advanced literature course. NP：________________；功能：________ 3. Her favourite activity is the debate club. NP：________________；功能：________ 使用提醒 限定词通常放在形容词之前，如a useful course、those interesting clubs。中心名词是可数名词时，还要检查冠词和单复数。 （二）形容词短语：把性质、状态和感受说得更准确 形容词短语以形容词为中心。形容词前可用程度副词，后可接介词短语；enough修饰形容词时放在形容词后。 结构或功能 校园例子 副词＋形容词 quite useful；a little nervous；very confusing 形容词＋介词短语 curious about the lab；ready for the activity 形容词＋enough clear enough；brave enough to speak 常见功能 修饰名词或代词；作表语；作宾语补足语 1. The first week was a little confusing. AdjP：________________；功能：________ 2. We found the club very helpful. AdjP：________________；功能：________ 3. Students ready for the activity waited outside. AdjP：________________；功能：________ 位置提醒 不能写enough clear或enough quickly。正确表达是clear enough和quickly enough。 （三）副词短语：把动作方式和程度说得更清楚 副词短语以副词为中心，常由程度副词加副词构成。它可以修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词。 作用 例句 修饰动词 The volunteer explained the rule quite clearly. 修饰形容词 The task was far too difficult for me. 修饰副词 Linda answered the question very quickly. enough后置 The teacher spoke slowly enough for us to follow. 1. The coach spoke very slowly. AdvP：________________；修饰________ 2. The classroom was really very quiet. AdvP：________________；修饰________ 3. Mia answered quite quickly. AdvP：________________；修饰________ （四）重点辨析：类别看中心词，功能看所在句子 短语 中心词 类别 判断依据 a really helpful adviser adviser NP 整个短语作主语或宾语等 really helpful helpful AdjP 说明性质，可作表语或补足语 really carefully carefully AdvP 说明动作方式 good enough good AdjP enough位于形容词后 quickly enough quickly AdvP enough位于副词后 判断下列说法是否正确；错误的请改正。 1. very useful是NP，因为它有两个单词。 ________ 改正：________________________ 2. the club near the gym的中心词是near。 ________ 改正：____________________ 3. enough patient是正确的形容词短语。 ________ 改正：_______________________ 4. 同一个NP在不同句子中只能作一种成分。 ________ 改正：____________________ 四、分层练习：从识别到运用 A. 划出句中指定的完整短语，并在括号内写NP、AdjP或AdvP。 1. The two students near the door are waiting for the adviser.（找名词短语）________ 2. I was quite worried about the maths course.（找形容词短语）________ 3. The new teacher spoke very clearly.（找副词短语）________ 4. Our first club meeting was really exciting.（找NP和AdjP）______________________ 5. The instructions were easy enough to follow.（找形容词短语）____________________ 6. Amy completed the task surprisingly quickly.（找副词短语）_____________________ B. 圈出中心词，写出短语类别和句中功能。 题号 句子 中心词 类别 句中功能 1 The tall boy in a blue jacket is our monitor. ________ ________ ________ 2 We found the first lesson quite interesting. ________ ________ ________ 3 She answered the difficult question very calmly. ________ ________ ________ 4 My biggest challenge is the advanced maths course. ________ ________ ________ C. 从四个结构相近的选项中选择最符合语境的一项。 1. The school map was ________, so I found the science lab without asking for help. A. clear enough B. enough clear C. clearly enough D. enough clearly 2. Our adviser gave us ________ about choosing courses. A. some useful advice B. some advice useful C. a useful advice D. useful some advice 3. Although Leo was nervous, he introduced himself ________. A. quite confidently B. quite confident C. confidence enough D. enough confidently 4. The students found the new timetable ________ at first. A. a little confusing B. a little confusedly C. confusion a little D. a confusing little D. 按括号要求扩展画线词，使句子信息更完整。答案不唯一。 1. Students waited in the hall.（把Students扩展为NP）________________________________ 2. I felt nervous.（把nervous扩展为AdjP，补充程度和原因）_________________________ 3. The volunteer spoke clearly.（把clearly扩展为AdvP）_____________________________ 4. I joined a club.（把a club扩展为NP，说明类别或位置）___________________________ 五、教材任务迁移：Improve a draft 下面是一名高一新生第一次参加校园社团活动后写的草稿。按照三个步骤修改，使信息更具体、表达更自然。 Yesterday, I joined a club. The room was busy. A student welcomed me. The first task was difficult. I worked slowly. Other members helped me. At the end, I felt happy. I want to go there again. 步骤一：在草稿中分别圈出至少2个可以扩展的名词、形容词和副词。 步骤二：至少加入2个NP、2个AdjP和2个AdvP。 步骤三：检查中心词、enough的位置、冠词和名词单复数，再把修改稿写在下面。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 检查项目 检查问题 完成 NP 是否把人物、地点或事物说得更具体 □ AdjP 是否补充了性质、状态、程度或原因 □ AdvP 是否说明动作方式或程度 □ 准确性 短语中心词、位置、冠词和单复数是否正确 □ 六、阅读迁移：为自己选择合适的社团 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 During his first week at senior high school, Daniel wanted to join a club, but the long club list made him a little unsure. He liked taking photos, playing basketball and helping younger students. Joining three clubs, however, would leave too little time for homework. Daniel visited the Photography Club first. The members were friendly and their classroom was full of beautiful student photos. Still, most activities took place on Saturday mornings, when Daniel usually visited his grandparents. Next, he tried the School Service Club. Its members met once a week and planned simple activities for children at a nearby primary school. Daniel was not very confident about speaking in front of others, but the club adviser said he could begin by preparing books and games behind the scenes. Daniel finally chose the School Service Club. It matched both his free time and his wish to help others. He also learned that choosing a club was not about finding the most exciting name. A suitable activity should fit a student's interests, time and present abilities. 21. Why did Daniel decide not to join three clubs? A. He needed time for his schoolwork. B. The clubs met too far from school. C. His adviser asked him to choose none. D. He had lost interest in all activities. 22. What does the phrase a little unsure in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Not completely certain B. Very disappointed C. Fully prepared D. Too tired to think 23. What could Daniel do first in the School Service Club? A. Teach a full lesson alone. B. Prepare books and games. C. Lead the club meeting. D. Take photos every Saturday. 24. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Every new student should join a service club. B. Popular clubs always provide the best activities. C. Students should choose clubs that suit their real situation. D. Speaking confidently is necessary for joining any club. 七、短语积累与学习自评 从本讲例句、练习和阅读中选择10个有用短语，记录类别、中心词、句中功能，并用其中至少3个短语造句。 序号 短语 类别 中心词 句中功能 自造句/使用记录 1 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 2 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 3 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 4 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 5 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 6 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 7 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 8 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 9 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 10 ________________ ______ ________ ________ ________________ 学习自评：□ 能找中心词 □ 能判断短语类别 □ 能判断句中功能 □ 能用短语扩写句子 □ 需要回看enough的位置 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 · 第7讲 · 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 Day 7 · 第 7 讲 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 项目 内容 版本 答案解析 建议用时 30-40 分钟 学习程式 情境观察 → 规律发现 → 知识梳理 → 分层练习 → 语篇应用 → 学习打卡 订正方法 先标出完整短语，再圈中心词；根据中心词判断类别，根据短语在句中的位置和作用判断功能。扩写题允许多种答案，但结构和语境必须正确。 一、情境观察答案与解析 1. 第1组补充学生身份和所在位置；第4组补充教室的特点。2. a little说明程度，about her first class说明紧张所针对的事情。3. quite slowly and clearly说明说话方式。4. 不能；这些短语没有独立表达完整意思，通常要进入句子才能完成交际。 【解析】B组并非单纯增加单词，而是围绕中心词补充限定、性质、位置、程度或原因，使读者得到更完整的信息。 二、规律发现答案与解析 1. 中心词plan，NP。2. 中心词ready，AdjP。3. 中心词well，AdvP。4. 中心词clubs，NP。 【解析】类别由中心词决定。介词短语about the new school life和near the library虽然位于短语内部或后部，但不是整个短语的中心。 三、知识梳理答案与解析 （一）名词短语 1. The new exchange student，作主语。2. an advanced literature course，作宾语。3. the debate club，作表语。 【解析】三个短语中心词依次为student、course和club，均为名词。判断功能时看它们在句中分别位于谓语前、及物动词后和系动词后。 （二）形容词短语 1. a little confusing，作表语。2. very helpful，作宾语补足语。3. ready for the activity，修饰Students。 【解析】中心词依次为confusing、helpful和ready。第2句采用find＋宾语＋宾补结构；第3句形容词短语后置，说明哪些students在等待。 （三）副词短语 1. very slowly，修饰spoke。2. really very，修饰quiet。3. quite quickly，修饰answered。 【解析】副词短语可以直接说明动作方式，也可以进一步说明形容词或副词的程度。 （四）重点辨析 1. 错。very useful的中心词useful是形容词，所以是AdjP。2. 错。中心词是club，整个短语是NP；near the gym补充club的位置。3. 错。enough修饰形容词时后置，应为patient enough。4. 错。同一个NP可随句子位置变化作主语、宾语或表语等。 【解析】短语长度、首词和末词都不能单独决定类别。先找中心词，再把短语放回句子判断功能。 四、分层练习答案与解析 A. 短语边界与类别 1. The two students near the door（NP） 2. quite worried about the maths course（AdjP） 3. very clearly（AdvP） 4. Our first club meeting（NP）；really exciting（AdjP） 5. easy enough to follow（AdjP） 6. surprisingly quickly（AdvP） 【解析】第1题near the door属于NP的一部分，补充students的位置；第5题enough在中心形容词easy之后；第6题中心词quickly是副词。 B. 中心词、类别与功能 1. boy；NP；主语。2. interesting；AdjP；宾语补足语。3. calmly；AdvP；修饰answered。4. course；NP；表语。 【解析】第2题the first lesson是宾语，quite interesting说明宾语的状态；第4题系动词is后面的NP说明challenge是什么。 C. 选择题 1. A【位置错误/词性错误】句意：学校地图足够清楚，所以我不必求助就找到了实验室。clear enough为AdjP；B把enough误放在前；C、D把形容词clear误写成副词clearly。 2. A【搭配错误/形式错误】advice是不可数名词，some useful advice词序和形式正确；B形容词位置错误；C误用a；D限定词与形容词顺序错误。 3. A【词性错误/位置错误】introduced是动词，需要AdvP quite confidently修饰；B是AdjP；C词性和搭配错误；D中enough位置错误且程度含义不合语境。 4. A【词性错误/搭配错误】find＋宾语＋宾补需要AdjP a little confusing；B为副词；C词序错误；D不能表达“有点令人困惑”。 D. 扩展表达参考答案 1. The new exchange students waited in the hall. 2. I felt a little nervous about speaking in class. 3. The volunteer spoke quite slowly and clearly. 4. I joined a useful study club near the library. 【可替换表达】1可换为The two new students；2可换为quite nervous about the first lesson；3可换为slowly enough for us to follow；4可换为the school debate club。 【解析】开放题不要求与参考答案完全相同，但扩展后的短语必须围绕原中心词，且在原句中语法和意义均成立。 五、教材任务迁移答案与解析 【参考修改稿】 Yesterday, I joined the school art club near the library. The bright club room was quite busy when I arrived. A friendly second-year student welcomed me very warmly. Our first drawing task was a little difficult for a beginner, so I worked rather slowly. The other club members gave me some useful advice and showed me each step very patiently. At the end, I felt really happy with my small picture. I want to take part in the next club activity. 【逐处说明】the school art club near the library、The bright club room、A friendly second-year student、Our first drawing task、The other club members、some useful advice和the next club activity是NP；quite busy、a little difficult for a beginner、really happy with my small picture是AdjP；very warmly、rather slowly、very patiently是AdvP。 【修改原则】增加的短语都服务于人物、地点、难度、动作方式和情绪结果，没有引入与社团经历无关的信息。学生可以选择其他社团或细节，只要三类短语使用正确。 六、阅读迁移答案与解析 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 【导语】本文讲述Daniel根据个人兴趣、时间安排和当前能力，比较摄影社与校园服务社，最终作出适合自己的选择。 【21题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据“would leave too little time for homework”可知，参加三个社团会挤占作业时间。B、C、D均未在原文出现，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查词义猜测题。根据“wanted to join a club, but the long club list made him a little unsure”可知，but表明社团很多使他不能完全确定选择。B“非常失望”、C“准备充分”、D“累得无法思考”均缺少依据，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据“he could begin by preparing books and games behind the scenes”可知，顾问允许他先从幕后准备图书和游戏开始。A、C超过他的当前能力；D属于摄影社且时间错误，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查主旨大意题。根据“fit a student's interests, time and present abilities”可知，全文通过Daniel的选择说明社团应符合真实情况。A、B表述绝对；D与顾问允许从幕后开始相矛盾，故选C。 七、短语积累与学习自评参考 序号 短语 类别 中心词 常见功能/作用 1 the new exchange students NP students 主语 2 the school hall NP hall 介词宾语 3 a little nervous about her first class AdjP nervous 表语 4 quite slowly and clearly AdvP slowly/clearly 修饰spoke 5 a very useful study plan NP plan 主语/宾语 6 ready for the activity AdjP ready 修饰students 7 clear enough AdjP clear 表语 8 quickly enough AdvP quickly 修饰动词 9 some useful advice NP advice 宾语 10 quite confidently AdvP confidently 修饰introduced 【说明】the school hall位于介词outside之后，整个NP作介词宾语。判断短语功能时要把它放回原句观察。 初升高英语暑假衔接学习手册 · 第7讲 · 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $