Unit 2 Safety(复习讲义)英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

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摘要:

该初中英语Unit 2 Safety复习讲义通过表格系统梳理复习要点与重难点,以“词汇-短语-句型-语法”为框架,用构词法解析(如useful=use+ful)、固定搭配归纳(如take care of=look after)及对比表格区分must与have to的用法,清晰呈现知识内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“情境化练习设计”,如完形填空围绕街头安全场景,引导学生运用安全知识解决实际问题,培养语言能力与思维品质。单项填空第4题考should表建议,单词拼写结合首字母提示巩固核心词汇,支持分层复习,助力教师实施精准教学。

内容正文:

Unit 2 Safety(复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕“安全”主题,掌握安全相关词汇、短语和句子 2、能用掌握本单元重点知识点 复习重难点 重点:1.must, have to的基本用法2.情态动词should 3.复合不定代词 难点:must, have to区别 复合不定代词用法 单元考点:单词、短语、句型 一.重点单词 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 1 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1.earthquake n.地震 2.aid n.援助 vt.& vi.帮助,援助 3.treat v.医疗,治疗;以...方式对待 4.useful adj.有用的,有益的,有帮助的 5.common adj.常见的,通常的,普遍的;共有的,共享的 6.follow vt. 接受,遵循 vt. & vi.跟随,跟着 7.action n.行动;行为 8.problem n.棘手的问题,难题,困难 9.wisely adv.明智地,高明地 10.safely adv.安全地,无危害地 11.such det. & pron.这样的,那样的,类似的 12.happen vi.尤指偶然发生,出现;(作为结果)出现,发生 13.scared adj.害怕,恐惧,畏惧,担心 14.realise vt. & vi.理解,领会,认识到,意识到 15.cheat vt.欺骗,蒙骗vi.作弊,舞弊 16.bully vt.恐吓,伤害,胁迫 n.仗势欺人者,横行霸道者 17.difficult adj.困难的,费力的,难做的,难解的 18.accept vt.& vi.收受,接受 19.relate vt.联系,使有联系,把....联系起来 20.safety n.安全,平安;安全性 21.risk n.危险,风险 vt.面临危险,使处于危险境地 二、核心短语 1.take care of照顾,照料 2.watch out for密切注意,留意;当心 3.social media网络社交媒体 4.be careful注意;当心 5.follow the rules遵守规则 6.traffic accident交通事故 7.catch fire着火 8.keep safe保持安全 9.emergency exit紧急出口 10.cross the road过马路 11.warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事 12.protect sb. from...保护某人免受…… 13.have an accident发生事故 14.in danger处于危险中 15.safety rules 安全规则 16.look out 当心;留意 17.first aid 急救 18.traffic lights 交通信号灯 19.fire alarm 火警报警器 20.stay away from 远离 21.call for help 呼救 22.in case of 万一;如果 三、重点句型 1.Take good care of your personal belongings, like your phone and wallet.照看好你的私人物品,如你的手机和钱包。 2.I was on the street, walking to my grandparents' house.我当时正在街上,往我爷爷奶奶家走。 3.I sent a text message to my grandparents and told them I was safe.然后我给爷爷奶奶发了一条短信,告诉他们我很安全。 4.Better Safe Than Sorry安全总比遗憾好 5.In other public places, it's important to take good care of our personal belongings, like our phones.在其他公共场所,照看好我们的私人物品,比如我们的手机,是很重要的。 四.知识点解析 知识点1:useful adj.有用的,有益的,有帮助的高频 【详解】 构词法use(n.&v.使用)+-ful(形容词后缀)useful反义词:useless (1)useful作形容词,意为“有用的,有益的,有帮助的”,在句中可作定语和表语。Here are some useful suggestions on how to be adecent person.以下是一些关于如何成为一个得体之人的有用建议。2024山东菏泽Computers are becoming more and more useful inour daily life.电脑在我们的日常生活中正变得越来越有用。(2)useful的常见搭配 【固定搭配】 be useful to do sth.对做某事有用 be useful to sb.对某人有用 be useful for sth.对某事有用 be useful for doing sth.对做某事有用 It is useful for us to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语对我们来说是有用的。 This information is useful to us. 这条信息对我们有用。 He just knew that X-rays were new and useful for science. 他只知道Ⅹ射线是新的,并且对科学有用。 This tool is useful for repairing cars.这个工具对修理小汽车有用。 知识点2: take care of 照顾,照料 【详解】 take care of 意为“照顾,照料”,相当于短语 look after Take good care of your personal belongings, like your phone and wallet. 照看好你的私人物品,如你的手机和钱包。 Could you please take care of my cat when I'm on vacation? =Could you please look after my cat when I`m on vacation?你能在我度假的时候帮我照顾我的猫吗?延伸 【固定搭配】 含take的其他常见短语 take off脱掉;起飞 take turns 轮流 take out 取出 take part in 参加(活动)take up 开始从 take exercise 锻炼事;占据 知识点3:祈使句 【详解】 (1)祈使句的肯定形式 “P”型 Please+动词原形+其他成分. “V”型 动词原形+其他成分. “B”型 Be+表语+其他成分. “L”型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分. Please call me Lily. 请叫我莉莉。 Stay on paths when in forests and in the mountains.在森林和山区时,要沿着道路走。 Be careful with scissors and knives. 小心剪刀和刀。 Let me get the ladder for you. 让我给你拿梯子。 (2)祈使句的否定形式 “P”型和“V”型 在动词原形前加 don't “B”型 在 be 前加 don't “L”型 ①在动词原形前加 not    ②直接在 let前加 don't "N"型 通常用于公共场所的提示语,表示“禁止” Don't swim in lakes or rivers.请勿在湖泊或河流中游泳。 Don't be late for school. 上学不要迟到。 Let's not tell him the truth. 我们不要把真相告诉他。 Don't let them go by train. 不要让他们坐火车去。 NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照! 知识点4: “It's+adj.+to do sth.”句型原文分析P28 【详解】 “It`s+adj.+to do sth.”为固定句型,意为“做某事是··的”。 James smiled, "It is great to have my own room,but sometimes I really miss Daniel."詹姆斯笑道:“有自己的房间真好,但有时我真的很想念丹尼尔。” 延伸 (1)“It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”句型,表示“对某人来说做某事是··的”。形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点。 It is not easy for Judy to learn Chinese.对朱迪来说,学中文不容易。 (2)“It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”句型,表示“某人做某事真是太··了”。形容词描述的是人的性格、品质等。 It is very careless of him to leave the door open at night.他夜间敞着门真是太粗心了。 知识点5: realise vt.&vi.理解,领会,认识到,意识到 【详解】 realise 既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,意为“理解,领会,认识到,意识到”,一般不用于进行时。 We should realize that not sleeping enough is a serious problem. 我们应该意识到睡眠不足是一个严重的问题。 She suddenly realised and froze.她突然意识到并愣住了。 延伸 realise作动词时,还可意为“实现,将··变为现实”。 He finally realised his dream of becoming a famous writer.他最终实现了成为一名著名作家的梦想。 知识点6: difficult adj.困难的,费力的,难做的,难解的 【详解】 difficult 作形容词,意为“困难的,费力的,难做的,难解的”,在句子中作表语或定语。其常见搭配如下: .. be difficult for sb.是对某人来说困难的 it is difficult(forsb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是困难的 sth. is difficult to do某事/物是难···的 a difficult task/problem一项艰巨的任务/一个难题 Asking for help is difficult for some people.寻求帮助对有些人来说是困难的。 It's difficult for me to make a sky lantern.对我来说做一盏天灯很难。 The box is difficult to carry.这个箱子很难搬。 延伸 difficulty 为 difficult 的名词形式,当 difficulty 作抽象意义的“困难”讲时,为不可数名词;当作具体意义的“困难”讲时,如难事、难点、难题等,为可数名词,其复数形式为 difficulties。 difficulty 【固定搭配】 have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have difficulty in/with sth.在……方面有困难 in difficulty=in trouble处于困境中 He has difficulty in) solving the math problem.他解这道数学题有困难。 We should help the friends in difficulty/trouble.我们应该帮助处于困境中的朋友。    知识点7: accidentally adv.意外地,偶然地构词法 【详解】 accidental(adj.意外的,偶然的)+-ly(副词后缀)→accidentally If you click on one of them, you may accidentally download a virus onto your computer or phone.如果你点击其中一个,你可能会不小心将计算机病毒下载到你的电脑或手机上。 Accidentally, I found an old photo in the drawer.偶然间,我在抽屉里发现了一张旧照片。 延伸 accident是 accidentally的名词形式,意为“意外;偶然的事”。 短语 by accident 意为“偶然;意外地”。 I don't want to download a virus onto my computer by accident!=accidentally我不想无意中把计算机病毒下载到我的电脑上! 知识点8:safety n.安全,平安;安全性 【详解】 in safety安全地;平安地安全,平安 for safety为了安全起见 safety belt 安全带 road safety 道路安全安全性 food safety 食品安全 Read the following safety rules.阅读以下安全准则。 They arrived at the destination in safety.他们安全地到达了目的地。 We locked the door for safety.为了安全起见,我们把门锁上了。 People worry about food safety.人们担心食品安全。 延伸 safety 的同根词 Safe adj.安全的;平安的 Safely adv.安全地;平安地 When you are on the road, you must always follow the rules of safe cycling.当你在路上时,你必须始终遵守安全骑行的规则。 You must use fire safely in the kitchen.你必须在厨房里安全地使用火源。 知识点9: risk n.危险,风险 vt.面临危险,使处于危险境地 【详解】 (1)risk作名词,意为“危险,风险”。其常用短语有: at risk处于危险中 take a risk/risks冒险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的风险 Hundreds of thousands of people are at risk.有几十万人正处于危险中。 Don't take risks. 不要冒险。 At the risk of being rude, I have to ask you how old you are.尽管有些冒犯,但我不得不问一下你的年龄。 (2)risk作及物动词,意为“面临危险,使处于危险境地”,后面常接名词(词组)、代词或动名词作宾语。 They risked their lives to save the drowning child.他们冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的孩子。 You are risking your health by smoking so much.你抽这么多烟是在拿自己的健康冒险。 He risked losing his job to tell the truth.他冒着丢掉工作的风险说出了真相。 单元语法 must, have to的基本用法 (1)must表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定,意为“必须,应该”,表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn’t表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。如: ---- May I go to the cinema, Mum? ---- Certainly. But you must be back by 11 o’clock. These books mustn’t be taken out of the reading room. You have to read them here. (2)“must be+表语”表示猜测、可能性,一般只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,肯定”,表示可能性很大,语气比may肯定,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can’t,表示“不可能”。如: There must be some mistakes. 肯定有一些错误。// You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你妈妈现在一定在等你 (3)回答must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,如果是否定的回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,“没有必要”的意思,不用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示禁止或不准,意思是“一定不要”,“不应该”,“不许可”,“不准”,“禁止”。如:---- Must I finish the work before five o’clock? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. (4)“have to”表示客观需要,意为“不得不、必须”,有人称、时态和数的变化,后跟动词原形。如: She has to look after her little sister. 她不得不照顾她的小妹妹。 I have to do some washing. 我必须洗洗衣服。// I had to do my homework last night. 昨晚我不得不做作业。 (5)have to 的否定式和疑问式一般要借用助动词do的适当形式构成。have to 的否定式是don’t have to; has to 的否定式是doesn’t have to; had to 的否定式是didn’t have to。have to的疑问式同样也借用助动词do的相应形式构成。如:He doesn’t have to do the homework now. 他没有必要现在做作业。 ---- Do I have to go there now? 我现在就得去那儿吗? ---- Yes, you do.(No, you don’t have to.)是的,你必须去。(不,你不必。) We didn’t have to answer the question yesterday. 昨天我们没有必要回答这个问题。 (6)must 与 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 一般强调客观需要,它比must更含有客观条件迫使,必须这样做的意思。如:I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。(主观意愿) If I buy that car, I’ll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。(客观需要) 情态动词should should为情态动词,后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。其用法如下: (1)表示提出或征询建议,意为"应该"。 I think you should save some money for your father’s birthday.我认为你应该为你爸爸的生日攒些钱。 (2)表示责任或义务,意为"应该,应当"。 We should follow the rules in public.在公共场合我们应该遵守规则。 (3)表示肯定又留有余地的推测,意为"应,应该",语气弱于must"一定"(表示推测)。 Don’t worry. Kate should arrive soon.别担心。凯特应该很快就到了。 (4)表示说话人的特殊情感,如惊奇、愤怒、失望等,常与what、 how、 why、 who连用。 Don’t ask me. How should I know?不要问我。我怎么会知道? 复合不定代词 1.常用复合不定代词 something某事物 somebody某人 someone某人 anything某事/任何事 anybody某人/任何人 anyone某人/任何人 everything每件事物 everybody每个人 everyone任何人 nothing没有东西 nobody没有人 no one没有人 2. 复合不定代词用法 ①复合不定代词后面的动词用第三人称单数形式 There is someone on the phone for you有人给你打电话 Everyone is busy and can not go to the party每个人都忙而不能去参加聚会 ②形容词或不定式修饰复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等时,通常要放在不定代词的后面 something important某件重要的事 anything interesting任何有趣的事 nothing exciting没有令人兴奋的事 Is there anything important in today’s paper? 今天报上有什么重要的消息吗? ③当主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anybody等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they, 在正式文体中也可以用he Everyone is here, aren’t they / isn’t he? 每个人都到了,是吗? 当主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everything, something, anything, nothing等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了,是吗? ④与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义,所以一定要与肯定的动词连用 Nobody likes to get into trouble没有谁愿意惹麻烦 not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定,意为“并非都;不都” I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with everything 我同意你所说的大部分,但不是全部 3.复合不定代词辨析 ①somebody / someone / something 用于肯定句 There is somebody / someone waiting outside外面有人在等你 There is something wrong with my bike我的自行车出了点毛病 在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答、想要鼓励对方给予肯定答复或表达请求、建议时,也可以用 Can somebody / someone help me? 有人能帮我吗? Do you want something to drink? = Would you like something to drink? 你想来点喝的吗? ②anybody / anyone / anything 用于否定句或一般疑问句。注意:当肯定句中有hardly, never, seldom等具有否定意义的词时,要使用anybody, anyone或anything Did anybody come here while I was away? 当我离开时有人来这儿吗? He doesn’t like anything I do or say他不喜欢我做得或说得任何事 He can hardly see anything before the operation在手术前他几乎看不到任何东西 Hardly anybody came to the meeting几乎没人来参加会议 ③nobody / no one / nothing 用于句中表示否定意义。nobody = not anybody nothing = not anything 注意:如果需要用一个否定词来做句子的开头,那么就必须用nothing / nobody / no one,而不能用not…anything / anyone / anybody I saw nobody / no one / nothing = I didn’t see anybody / anyone / anything 我没看到人/东西 (时间:30分钟) 一、单项填空 1.Science is developing faster and faster. Scientists and doctors will surely find a way to ______ cancer some day. A.treat     B.operate    C.realize    D.perform 【答案】A 【解析】句意:科学发展得越来越快。科学家和医生总有一天肯定会找到治疗癌症的方法。treat治疗;operate操作,经营;realize意识到;perform表演。根据“a way to...cancer”可知,此处指治疗癌症的方法。故选A。 2.—Can you help me? —Yes. ______ your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK. A.Follow     B.Following C.To follow     D.Followed 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你可以帮助我吗?——可以。在我看来,听从你老师的建议,一切都会变好的。根据“...your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK.”可知,此处考查以动词原形开头的祈使句,表示说话人提出建议。故选A。 3.Many students didn't ______ the importance of study until they left school. A.use     B.provide C.compare     D.realise 【答案】D 【解析】句意:许多学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。use使用;provide提供;compare比较;realise意识到。根据“the importance of study until they left school”可知,此处是指意识到学习的重要性。故选D。 4.—Mum, can I have some fried chicken? —You'd better not. You ______ eat some healthier food. A.needn't     B.mustn't C.may     D.should 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——妈妈,我能吃些炸鸡吗?——你最好不要。你应该吃些更健康的食物。needn't不需要;mustn't禁止;may也许;should应该。根据“eat some healthier food”可知,此处指应该吃更健康的食物,故选D。 5.This old story tells us to be honest and never to ______ anyone. A.lead     B.cheat     C.excite     D.protect 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这个古老的故事告诉我们要诚实,永远不要欺骗任何人。lead带领;cheat欺骗;excite使兴奋;protect保护。根据“to be honest”可知,此处表示不要欺骗任何人。故选B。 6.Everyone should learn how to act ______ in the face of danger or in trouble. A.probably     B.wisely C.especially     D.simply 【答案】B 【解析】句意:每个人都应该学会在面对危险或陷入困境时如何明智地行事。probably或许;wisely明智地;especially尤其;simply仅仅。根据“in the face of danger or in trouble”可知,面对危险或陷入困境时要明智地行事。故选B。 7.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party yesterday, Grace? —No. I didn't see ______ I knew there, so it was kind of boring. A.somebody     B.nobody C.everybody     D.anybody 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——Grace,你昨天在聚会上玩得高兴吗?——不,我在那儿没有看到我认识的人,所以有点无聊。somebody某人,常用于肯定句;nobody没有人;everybody每个人;anybody任何人,常用于否定句或疑问句。根据“so it was kind of boring”可知,这里指没有看到任何认识的人。故选D。 8.—Do you like Confucius' words, Allen? —Yes. They are so ______. They teach me how to think. A.difficult     B.useful C.delicious     D.simple 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——艾伦,你喜欢孔子的话吗?——是的。它们非常有用。它们教我如何思考。difficult困难的;useful有用的;delicious美味的;simple简单的。根据“They teach me how to think.”可知,它们非常有用。故选B。 9.Drivers ______ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can     B.will     C.might     D.should 【答案】D 【解析】句意:司机应该遵守交通规则,以确保自己和他人的安全。can能;will将要;might可能;should应该。根据“Drivers...obey traffic rules”可知,遵守交通规则是一种责任和义务,应用should。故选D。 10.Did your mom cook ______ for you during the Spring Festival? A.something delicious B.delicious something C.anything delicious D.delicious anything 【答案】C 【解析】句意:你妈妈在春节期间为你做了一些美味的东西吗?形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词之后,排除选项B和D;something常用于肯定句中,anything常用于否定句和疑问句中,排除选项A。故选C。 二、根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 11.Mary felt s when she saw the black snake. She was really afraid of it. 12.Mary isn't at home, but you can leave a m for her. 13.Judy suddenly r that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 14.Don't talk with s you don't know. They might be dangerous people. 15.Now, many people buy things o instead of going to the shops. 【答案】11.scared    12.message    13.realised/realized    14.strangers    15.online     三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 16.Remember to ________ your door before you leave the house. 17.A man gave a few coins to the boy and left without __________(do) anything else. 18.Smoke _________(signal) were used to send messages by ancient Chinese soldiers. 19.I have to take a _________(risk) for my dream job. 20.The cinema has the biggest screen, but it has the worst _____________(serve). 【答案】16.lock    17.doing    18.signals    19.risk    20.service     四.完形填空   Being street smart is an important skill to have and it’s a good way to take care of yourself. Always carry your phone with  21 , but do not look at it while you are walking. Being able to communicate or call for help is important,  22  keep a list of useful phone numbers. But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your  23  up and see what’s going on around. If you do need to check your phone, stop and look at it quickly.  Don’t wear earphones while you are out. If you have to  24  something when you’re out, use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume (音量).  Travel with  25  or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger. It’s important to be  26  with strangers. Do not get into a stranger’s car.   27  dark and out-of-the-way places. Do not take short cuts through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much faster. If you have to go to a place, and you’re not sure whether it’s safe or not, go  28  someone you know or speak to someone on the phone while you are there.  Run and shout if you feel unsafe. Run away as  29  as you can towards a police station, hospital, or nearby shop for help. Shout as loudly as you can  30  the attention of people around.  21.A.us    B.me C.you    D.them 22.A.because    B.so C.though    D.but 23.A.hands    B.arms C.nose    D.head 24.A.talk to    B.listen to C.wait for    D.look for 25.A.parents    B.sisters C.brothers    D.friends 26.A.careful     B.carefully C.careless    D.carelessly 27.A.Avoid    B.Find C.Visit    D.Clean 28.A.to    B.for C.with    D.without 29.A.fast    B.faster C.fastest    D.the fastest 30.A.get    B.getting C.got    D.to get 21.【答案】C  【解析】考查代词辨析。此处表示:始终随身携带你的手机。us我们;me我;you你;them他们。根据语境可知你要带着手机。故选C。 22.【答案】B  【解析】考查连词辨析。此处表示:所以保留一个实用电话号码的列表。because因为;so所以;though虽然;but但是。根据前一分句可知它们之间是因果关系,前因后果,用so连接。故选B。 23.【答案】D  【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:但是走路的时候把手机收起来,这样你就可以抬起头来看看周围发生了什么。hands手;arms胳膊;nose鼻子;head头。根据“see what􀆳s going on around”可知要抬起头。故选D。 24.【答案】B  【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果你必须在外出时听一些东西,请仅使用一个耳机或以非常低的音量播放。talk to和……说话;listen to听;wait for等待;look for寻找。根据“use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume”可知是听东西。故选B。 25.【答案】D  【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:尽可能与朋友或家人一起旅行,切勿与陌生人一起去任何地方。parents父母;sisters姐妹;brothers兄弟;friends朋友。前三个选项与文中family members重复,故可以排除A、B、C项。故选D。 26.【答案】A  【解析】考查形容词与副词的用法。句意:和陌生人打交道时要小心是很重要的。careful小心的,形容词;carefully小心地,副词;careless粗心的,形容词;carelessly粗心地,副词。作be动词的表语,用形容词,根据句意可知要小心陌生人。故选A。 27.【答案】A  【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:避免黑暗和偏僻的地方。Avoid避免;Find发现;Visit参观;Clean打扫。根据下文可知要避免黑暗偏僻的地方。故选A。 28.【答案】C  【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:如果你必须去某个地方,并且不确定它是否安全,请与认识的人一起去,或者当你在那里时与某人保持通话。to到;for为了;with和;without没有。根据句意可知是和认识的人一起去。故选C。 29.【答案】A  【解析】考查副词的比较等级。句意:尽可能快地逃往警察局、医院或附近的商店寻求帮助。fast快地,副词原形;faster比较级;fastest最高级;the fastest定冠词+最高级。as...as为同级比较,中间加副词原形。故选A。 30.【答案】D  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽可能大声地喊叫,以引起周围人的注意。get得到,动词原形;getting动名词或现在分词;got过去式;to get动词不定式。“Shout as loudly as you can”的目的是“get the attention of people around”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选D。 $Unit 2 Safety(复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕“安全”主题,掌握安全相关词汇、短语和句子 2、能用掌握本单元重点知识点 复习重难点 重点:1.must, have to的基本用法2.情态动词should 3.复合不定代词 难点:must, have to区别 复合不定代词用法 单元考点:单词、短语、句型 一.重点单词 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 1 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. n.地震 2. n.援助 vt.& vi.帮助,援助 3. v.医疗,治疗;以...方式对待 4. adj.有用的,有益的,有帮助的 5. adj.常见的,通常的,普遍的;共有的,共享的 6. vt. 接受,遵循 vt. & vi.跟随,跟着 7. n.行动;行为 8. n.棘手的问题,难题,困难 9. adv.明智地,高明地 10. adv.安全地,无危害地 11. det. & pron.这样的,那样的,类似的 12. vi.尤指偶然发生,出现;(作为结果)出现,发生 13. adj.害怕,恐惧,畏惧,担心 14. vt. & vi.理解,领会,认识到,意识到 15. vt.欺骗,蒙骗vi.作弊,舞弊 16. vt.恐吓,伤害,胁迫 n.仗势欺人者,横行霸道者 17. adj.困难的,费力的,难做的,难解的 18. vt.& vi.收受,接受 19. vt.联系,使有联系,把....联系起来 20. n.安全,平安;安全性 21. n.危险,风险 vt.面临危险,使处于危险境地 二、核心短语 1.take of照顾,照料 2. out for密切注意,留意;当心 3. media网络社交媒体 4.be 注意;当心 5. the rules遵守规则 6.traffic 交通事故 7. fire着火 8.keep 保持安全 9. exit紧急出口 10. the road过马路 11. sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事 12. sb. from...保护某人免受…… 13.have an 发生事故 14.in 处于危险中 15. rules 安全规则 16.look 当心;留意 17.first 急救 18. lights 交通信号灯 19.fire 火警报警器 20. away from 远离 21. for help 呼救 22.in of 万一;如果 三、重点句型 1. your personal belongings, like your phone and wallet.照看好你的私人物品,如你的手机和钱包。 2.I was on the street, to my grandparents' house.我当时正在街上,往我爷爷奶奶家走。 3.I sent a text to my grandparents and told them I was .然后我给爷爷奶奶发了一条短信,告诉他们我很安全。 4. 安全总比遗憾好 5.In other places, , like our phones.在其他公共场所,照看好我们的私人物品,比如我们的手机,是很重要的。 四.知识点解析 知识点1:useful adj.有用的,有益的,有帮助的高频 【详解】 构词法use(n.&v.使用)+-ful(形容词后缀)useful反义词:useless (1) useful作形容词,意为“有用的,有益的,有帮助的”,在句中可作定语和表语。 (2) Here are some suggestions on how to be a decent person.以下是一些关于如何成为一个得体之人的有用建议。 (3) Computers are becoming more and more in our daily life.电脑在我们的日常生活中正变得越来越有用。(2)useful的常见搭配 【固定搭配】 be useful to do sth.对做某事有用 be useful to sb.对某人有用 be useful for sth.对某事有用 be useful for doing sth.对做某事有用 It is for us to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语对我们来说是有用的。 This information is to us. 这条信息对我们有用。 He just knew that X-rays were new and for science. 他只知道Ⅹ射线是新的,并且对科学有用。 This tool is useful repairing cars.这个工具对修理小汽车有用。 知识点2: take care of 照顾,照料 【详解】 take care of 意为“照顾,照料”,相当于短语 look after your personal belongings, like your phone and wallet. 照看好你的私人物品,如你的手机和钱包。 Could you please my cat when I'm on vacation? =Could you please my cat when I`m on vacation?你能在我度假的时候帮我照顾我的猫吗?延伸 【固定搭配】 含take的其他常见短语 take off脱掉;起飞 take turns 轮流 take out 取出 take part in 参加(活动)take up 开始从 take exercise 锻炼事;占据 知识点3:祈使句 【详解】 (1)祈使句的肯定形式 “P”型 Please+动词原形+其他成分. “V”型 动词原形+其他成分. “B”型 Be+表语+其他成分. “L”型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分. Please me Lily. 请叫我莉莉。 on paths when in forests and in the mountains.在森林和山区时,要沿着道路走。 careful with scissors and knives. 小心剪刀和刀。 me get the ladder for you. 让我给你拿梯子。 (2)祈使句的否定形式 “P”型和“V”型 在动词原形前加 don't “B”型 在 be 前加 don't “L”型 ①在动词原形前加 not    ②直接在 let前加 don't "N"型 通常用于公共场所的提示语,表示“禁止” swim in lakes or rivers.请勿在湖泊或河流中游泳。 be late for school. 上学不要迟到。 Let's tell him the truth. 我们不要把真相告诉他。 let them go by train. 不要让他们坐火车去。 PHOTOS!禁止拍照! 知识点4: “It's+adj.+to do sth.”句型原文分析P28 【详解】 “It`s+adj.+to do sth.”为固定句型,意为“做某事是··的”。 James smiled, "It is great to have my own room,but sometimes I really miss Daniel."詹姆斯笑道:“有自己的房间真好,但有时我真的很想念丹尼尔。” 延伸 (1)“It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”句型,表示“对某人来说做某事是··的”。形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点。 It is not easy Judy to learn Chinese.对朱迪来说,学中文不容易。 (2)“It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”句型,表示“某人做某事真是太··了”。形容词描述的是人的性格、品质等。 It is very careless him to leave the door open at night.他夜间敞着门真是太粗心了。 知识点5: realise vt.&vi.理解,领会,认识到,意识到 【详解】 realise 既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,意为“理解,领会,认识到,意识到”,一般不用于进行时。 We should that not sleeping enough is a serious problem. 我们应该意识到睡眠不足是一个严重的问题。 She suddenly and froze.她突然意识到并愣住了。 延伸 realise作动词时,还可意为“实现,将··变为现实”。 He finally his dream of becoming a famous writer.他最终实现了成为一名著名作家的梦想。 知识点6: difficult adj.困难的,费力的,难做的,难解的 【详解】 difficult 作形容词,意为“困难的,费力的,难做的,难解的”,在句子中作表语或定语。其常见搭配如下: .. be difficult for sb.是对某人来说困难的 it is difficult(forsb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是困难的 sth. is difficult to do某事/物是难···的 a difficult task/problem一项艰巨的任务/一个难题 Asking for help is for some people.寻求帮助对有些人来说是困难的。 It's for me to make a sky lantern.对我来说做一盏天灯很难。 The box is to carry.这个箱子很难搬。 延伸 difficulty 为 difficult 的名词形式,当 difficulty 作抽象意义的“困难”讲时,为不可数名词;当作具体意义的“困难”讲时,如难事、难点、难题等,为可数名词,其复数形式为 difficulties。 difficulty 【固定搭配】 have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have difficulty in/with sth.在……方面有困难 in difficulty=in trouble处于困境中 He has difficulty in) the math problem.他解这道数学题有困难。 We should help the friends in .我们应该帮助处于困境中的朋友。    知识点7: accidentally adv.意外地,偶然地构词法 【详解】 accidental(adj.意外的,偶然的)+-ly(副词后缀)→accidentally If you click on one of them, you may accidentally download a virus onto your computer or phone.如果你点击其中一个,你可能会不小心将计算机病毒下载到你的电脑或手机上。 , I found an old photo in the drawer.偶然间,我在抽屉里发现了一张旧照片。 延伸 accident是 accidentally的名词形式,意为“意外;偶然的事”。 短语 by accident 意为“偶然;意外地”。 I don't want to download a virus onto my computer by accident!=accidentally我不想无意中把计算机病毒下载到我的电脑上! 知识点8:safety n.安全,平安;安全性 【详解】 in safety安全地;平安地安全,平安 for safety为了安全起见 safety belt 安全带 road safety 道路安全安全性 food safety 食品安全 Read the following rules.阅读以下安全准则。 They arrived at the destination in .他们安全地到达了目的地。 We locked the door for .为了安全起见,我们把门锁上了。 People worry about food .人们担心食品安全。 延伸 safety 的同根词 Safe adj.安全的;平安的 Safely adv.安全地;平安地 When you are on the road, you must always follow the rules of cycling.当你在路上时,你必须始终遵守安全骑行的规则。 You must use fire in the kitchen.你必须在厨房里安全地使用火源。 知识点9: risk n.危险,风险 vt.面临危险,使处于危险境地 【详解】 (1)risk作名词,意为“危险,风险”。其常用短语有: at risk处于危险中 take a risk/risks冒险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的风险 Hundreds of thousands of people are .有几十万人正处于危险中。 Don't take risks. 不要冒险。 being rude, I have to ask you how old you are.尽管有些冒犯,但我不得不问一下你的年龄。 (2)risk作及物动词,意为“面临危险,使处于危险境地”,后面常接名词(词组)、代词或动名词作宾语。 They their lives to save the drowning child.他们冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的孩子。 You are your health by smoking so much.你抽这么多烟是在拿自己的健康冒险。 He risked his job to tell the truth.他冒着丢掉工作的风险说出了真相。 单元语法 must, have to的基本用法 (1)must表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定,意为“必须,应该”,表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn’t表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。如: ---- May I go to the cinema, Mum? ---- Certainly. But you must be back by 11 o’clock. These books mustn’t be taken out of the reading room. You have to read them here. (2)“must be+表语”表示猜测、可能性,一般只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,肯定”,表示可能性很大,语气比may肯定,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can’t,表示“不可能”。如: There must be some mistakes. 肯定有一些错误。// You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你妈妈现在一定在等你 (3)回答must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,如果是否定的回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,“没有必要”的意思,不用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示禁止或不准,意思是“一定不要”,“不应该”,“不许可”,“不准”,“禁止”。如:---- Must I finish the work before five o’clock? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. (4)“have to”表示客观需要,意为“不得不、必须”,有人称、时态和数的变化,后跟动词原形。如: She has to look after her little sister. 她不得不照顾她的小妹妹。 I have to do some washing. 我必须洗洗衣服。// I had to do my homework last night. 昨晚我不得不做作业。 (5)have to 的否定式和疑问式一般要借用助动词do的适当形式构成。have to 的否定式是don’t have to; has to 的否定式是doesn’t have to; had to 的否定式是didn’t have to。have to的疑问式同样也借用助动词do的相应形式构成。如:He doesn’t have to do the homework now. 他没有必要现在做作业。 ---- Do I have to go there now? 我现在就得去那儿吗? ---- Yes, you do.(No, you don’t have to.)是的,你必须去。(不,你不必。) We didn’t have to answer the question yesterday. 昨天我们没有必要回答这个问题。 (6)must 与 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 一般强调客观需要,它比must更含有客观条件迫使,必须这样做的意思。如:I must do my homework first. 我必须首先做家庭作业。(主观意愿) If I buy that car, I’ll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。(客观需要) 情态动词should should为情态动词,后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。其用法如下: (1)表示提出或征询建议,意为"应该"。 I think you should save some money for your father’s birthday.我认为你应该为你爸爸的生日攒些钱。 (2)表示责任或义务,意为"应该,应当"。 We should follow the rules in public.在公共场合我们应该遵守规则。 (3)表示肯定又留有余地的推测,意为"应,应该",语气弱于must"一定"(表示推测)。 Don’t worry. Kate should arrive soon.别担心。凯特应该很快就到了。 (4)表示说话人的特殊情感,如惊奇、愤怒、失望等,常与what、 how、 why、 who连用。 Don’t ask me. How should I know?不要问我。我怎么会知道? 复合不定代词 1.常用复合不定代词 something某事物 somebody某人 someone某人 anything某事/任何事 anybody某人/任何人 anyone某人/任何人 everything每件事物 everybody每个人 everyone任何人 nothing没有东西 nobody没有人 no one没有人 2. 复合不定代词用法 ①复合不定代词后面的动词用第三人称单数形式 There is someone on the phone for you有人给你打电话 Everyone is busy and can not go to the party每个人都忙而不能去参加聚会 ②形容词或不定式修饰复合不定代词something, anything, nothing等时,通常要放在不定代词的后面 something important某件重要的事 anything interesting任何有趣的事 nothing exciting没有令人兴奋的事 Is there anything important in today’s paper? 今天报上有什么重要的消息吗? ③当主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anybody等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they, 在正式文体中也可以用he Everyone is here, aren’t they / isn’t he? 每个人都到了,是吗? 当主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everything, something, anything, nothing等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了,是吗? ④与no-构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义,所以一定要与肯定的动词连用 Nobody likes to get into trouble没有谁愿意惹麻烦 not与由every-构成的复合不定代词是部分否定,意为“并非都;不都” I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with everything 我同意你所说的大部分,但不是全部 3.复合不定代词辨析 ①somebody / someone / something 用于肯定句 There is somebody / someone waiting outside外面有人在等你 There is something wrong with my bike我的自行车出了点毛病 在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答、想要鼓励对方给予肯定答复或表达请求、建议时,也可以用 Can somebody / someone help me? 有人能帮我吗? Do you want something to drink? = Would you like something to drink? 你想来点喝的吗? ②anybody / anyone / anything 用于否定句或一般疑问句。注意:当肯定句中有hardly, never, seldom等具有否定意义的词时,要使用anybody, anyone或anything Did anybody come here while I was away? 当我离开时有人来这儿吗? He doesn’t like anything I do or say他不喜欢我做得或说得任何事 He can hardly see anything before the operation在手术前他几乎看不到任何东西 Hardly anybody came to the meeting几乎没人来参加会议 ③nobody / no one / nothing 用于句中表示否定意义。nobody = not anybody nothing = not anything 注意:如果需要用一个否定词来做句子的开头,那么就必须用nothing / nobody / no one,而不能用not…anything / anyone / anybody I saw nobody / no one / nothing = I didn’t see anybody / anyone / anything 我没看到人/东西 (时间:30分钟) 一、单项填空 1.Science is developing faster and faster. Scientists and doctors will surely find a way to ______ cancer some day. A.treat     B.operate    C.realize    D.perform 2.—Can you help me? —Yes. ______ your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK. A.Follow     B.Following C.To follow     D.Followed 3.Many students didn't ______ the importance of study until they left school. A.use     B.provide C.compare     D.realise 4.—Mum, can I have some fried chicken? —You'd better not. You ______ eat some healthier food. A.needn't     B.mustn't C.may     D.should 5.This old story tells us to be honest and never to ______ anyone. A.lead     B.cheat     C.excite     D.protect 6.Everyone should learn how to act ______ in the face of danger or in trouble. A.probably     B.wisely C.especially     D.simply 7.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party yesterday, Grace? —No. I didn't see ______ I knew there, so it was kind of boring. A.somebody     B.nobody C.everybody     D.anybody 8.—Do you like Confucius' words, Allen? —Yes. They are so ______. They teach me how to think. A.difficult     B.useful C.delicious     D.simple 9.Drivers ______ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can     B.will     C.might     D.should 10.Did your mom cook ______ for you during the Spring Festival? A.something delicious B.delicious something C.anything delicious D.delicious anything 二、根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 11.Mary felt s when she saw the black snake. She was really afraid of it. 12.Mary isn't at home, but you can leave a m for her. 13.Judy suddenly r that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 14.Don't talk with s you don't know. They might be dangerous people. 15.Now, many people buy things o instead of going to the shops. 三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 16.Remember to ________ your door before you leave the house. 17.A man gave a few coins to the boy and left without __________(do) anything else. 18.Smoke _________(signal) were used to send messages by ancient Chinese soldiers. 19.I have to take a _________(risk) for my dream job. 20.The cinema has the biggest screen, but it has the worst _____________(serve). 四.完形填空   Being street smart is an important skill to have and it’s a good way to take care of yourself. Always carry your phone with  21 , but do not look at it while you are walking. Being able to communicate or call for help is important,  22  keep a list of useful phone numbers. But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your  23  up and see what’s going on around. If you do need to check your phone, stop and look at it quickly.  Don’t wear earphones while you are out. If you have to  24  something when you’re out, use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume (音量).  Travel with  25  or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger. It’s important to be  26  with strangers. Do not get into a stranger’s car.   27  dark and out-of-the-way places. Do not take short cuts through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much faster. If you have to go to a place, and you’re not sure whether it’s safe or not, go  28  someone you know or speak to someone on the phone while you are there.  Run and shout if you feel unsafe. Run away as  29  as you can towards a police station, hospital, or nearby shop for help. Shout as loudly as you can  30  the attention of people around.  21.A.us    B.me C.you    D.them 22.A.because    B.so C.though    D.but 23.A.hands    B.arms C.nose    D.head 24.A.talk to    B.listen to C.wait for    D.look for 25.A.parents    B.sisters C.brothers    D.friends 26.A.careful     B.carefully C.careless    D.carelessly 27.A.Avoid    B.Find C.Visit    D.Clean 28.A.to    B.for C.with    D.without 29.A.fast    B.faster C.fastest    D.the fastest 30.A.get    B.getting C.got    D.to get $

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Unit 2 Safety(复习讲义)英语新教材北师大版八年级上册
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Unit 2 Safety(复习讲义)英语新教材北师大版八年级上册
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Unit 2 Safety(复习讲义)英语新教材北师大版八年级上册
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