Unit 1 语法(who/whom/which/that限定性定语从句)讲解与练习 2026-2027学年冀教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦关系代词（who/whom/which/that）引导的限制性定语从句，从定语的基本概念（如“healthy teeth”等单词定语）过渡到句子作定语的定语从句，通过先行词、关系代词三大功能及表格对比用法搭建学习支架，帮助学生衔接旧知与新知。 资料结合“Staying healthy”单元话题设计例句与练习，强化语言运用（语言能力），通过重难点归纳、易错警示培养分析判断能力（思维品质），多样化习题（词形、选择、改写、汉译英）系统提升学习效率（学习能力），助力学生掌握语法并迁移应用。

Unit1 Staying healthy语法讲解与练习 关系代词（who /whom/which /that）引导的限制性定语从句 一、核心概念 1.定语：修饰名词/代词，翻译为 “…… 的”。 单词作定语：healthy teeth 健康的牙齿 句子作定语 → 定语从句 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词，位于从句前面。 3.关系代词：who /whom/which /that 三大功能： ① 连接主句与从句；② 指代先行词；③ 在定语从句中充当句子成分。 4.限制性定语从句: 从句与先行词紧密相连,无逗号分隔;若删除从句,主句含义不完整。 二、四个关系代词基础用法 关系代词 指代 从句中所作成分 备注 who 指人 主语/宾语 作宾语可替换为 whom，口语常用 who whom 指人 只能作宾语 正式书面用法；不可作主语 which 指事物 主语/宾语 不能指代人 that 既可指人，也可指物 主语/宾语 不能用于介词后；不引导非限制性定语从句 1. who（指人，主语/宾语） ✅ 作主语（不可省略） The man who does regular exercise looks energetic. 那个经常规律锻炼的男士精力充沛。 ✅ 作宾语（可省略） The girl (who/whom) we met has a stomachache. 我们遇见的那个女孩胃痛。 2. whom（指人，仅作宾语，正式文体） The patient (whom/who) the doctor examined feels much better. 医生检查过的那位病人感觉好多了。 提示：日常口语多用who代替 whom；介词提前时只能用whom： This is the nurse to whom I talked. 3. which（指物，主语/宾语） ✅ 作主语（不可省略） The food which has too much sugar is bad for teeth. 含糖过高的食物对牙齿有害。 ✅ 作宾语（可省略） This is the pill (which) the doctor advised me to take. 这就是医生建议我服用的药片。 4. that（人、物通用） 指代人，可替换 who/whom；指代物，可替换 which。 The person that keeps fit is my partner. The grain that grows here is rich in protein. ⚠️ 重要规则：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略;作主语绝对不能省略！ ❌ The man takes exercise is my father. ✅ The man who/that takes exercise is my father. 三、必考重难点：只能用 that，不能用which的六种情况 1.先行词为不定代词：all, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, little Everything that you eat influences your health. 2.先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most useful guideline that I have read. 3.先行词被序数词修饰 This is the first rule that keeps us healthy. 4.先行词被 the only, the very, the last 修饰 He is the only person that can give you sensible advice. 5.先行词同时包含人+物 We talked about the doctors and hospitals that we visited. 6.主句以 Who / Which 开头，避免重复 Who is the lady that looks pale? 四、谓语动词一致原则 定语从句内谓语动词单复数由先行词决定！ People who take enough rest seldom fall ill.（先行词 people 复数→take） The fruit that comes from the south is fresh.（先行词 fruit 单数→comes） 五、易错警示 1.关系代词已经充当从句主语 / 宾语，从句不要再重复代词 ❌ The pill that it works well. ✅ The pill that works well. 2.whom 仅作宾语，不能充当主语 ❌ The patient whom is pale needs rest. ✅ The patient who/that is pale needs rest. 3.介词提前结构：介词 + which /whom，不能用that ✅ This is the bowl in which we put nuts. ❌ This is the bowl in that we put nuts. 六、单元话题例句 1.The boy who has a headache cannot join the jogging. 2.The snacks (which/that) you like are bad for your teeth. 3.Anyone that keeps a balanced diet will stay energetic. 4.The disabled man (whom) we helped likes listening to music. 【配套专项练习】 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Too much ________ (press) will make you feel tired and upset. 2.My aunt is an ________ (energy) woman who exercises every morning. 3.It is ________ (sense) to drink enough water every single day. 4.The little boy was ________ (able) to walk because of his sore leg. 5.We should brush our ________ (tooth) at least twice every day. 6.She got many ________ (congratulation) after winning the competition. 7.Stress can cause different kinds of ________ (ill). 8.The old man looked ________ (pale) after staying up late. 9.These ________ (guideline) about healthy eating are helpful for teens. 10.This article is ________ (base) on hundreds of health surveys. 11.________ (soybean) provide plenty of plant protein for people. 12.You can eat some ________ (nut) to get more energy in the morning. 13.Soft music can make us feel ________ (relax) after busy study. 14.Bad moods ________ (effect) your body’s health little by little. 15.The doctor told him to take two ________ (pill) after meals. 16.Running makes me feel even ________ (thirst) than before. 17.Regular exercise helps you stay ________ (health). 18.My parents have been ________ (marry) for 18 years. 19.The kid ________ (kick) the ball happily in the park yesterday. 20.We should care more for ________ (disable) people around us. 21.Keeping happy is a good living ________ (habit). 22.Many people go ________ (jog) along the river every morning. 23.Doing kung fu is ________ (help) to build up your body. 24.Too much sugar is ________ (harm) to children’s teeth. 25.We need to form a ________ (balance) eating habit. 二、单项选择 1.The people ________ take regular exercise are usually energetic. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 2.This is the healthy diet ________ the doctor advised us to follow. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 3.All ________ we need to keep fit is enough sleep and fresh food. A. which B. what C. that D. who 4.The girl ________ we met at the hospital had a bad stomachache. A. which B. whom C. whose D. what 5.This is the first health rule ________ I have learned this term. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 6.The book ________ tells us healthy living skills is quite popular. A. who B. whom C. which D. what 7.He is ________ to finish the race because of his headache. A. able B. unable C. possible D. ready 8.The only thing ________ keeps me energetic is daily jogging. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 9.This is the most useful health guide ________ I have ever read. A. which B. whom C. that D. whose 10.The nurse ________ looks after the sick people is very kind. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 11.The grain ________ grows in the north is rich in nutrition. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 12.The patient ________ the doctor treated feels much better now. A. whom B. which C. whose D. what 13.Too much study ________ makes many students worried. A. pressure B. tradition C. agreement D. opinion 14.People ________ have a balanced diet seldom fall ill. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 15.It’s ________ to stay up late every night. It harms your health. A. sensible B. foolish C. energetic D. regular 三、句子改写 要求：使用 who /whom/which /that 1.The boy has a bad headache. He is my deskmate. _____________________________________________________ 2.The advice is very useful. The doctor gave us the advice. _____________________________________________________ 3.The food is good for health. It contains lots of grains. _____________________________________________________ 4.The person is a health expert. He teaches us healthy habits. _____________________________________________________ 5.The pill works well. The pill is for stomachache. _____________________________________________________ 6.The students take exercise every day. They are very energetic. _____________________________________________________ 7.The habit is bad for our body. The habit is staying up late. _____________________________________________________ 8.The book introduces healthy diets. I bought it yesterday. _____________________________________________________ 9.The girl feels thirsty. We saw her in the classroom. _____________________________________________________ 10.The rule keeps us healthy. We must follow the rule. _____________________________________________________ 四、汉译英 1.经常规律锻炼的人通常精力充沛。 ________________________________________________ 2.这是一种对我们健康有益的饮食习惯。 ________________________________________________ 3.所有保持均衡饮食的人很少生病。 ________________________________________________ 4.这位给我们提健康建议的医生十分专业。 ________________________________________________ 5.我喜欢那些富含营养的谷物与坚果。 ________________________________________________ 6.熬夜是一个危害身体健康的坏习惯。 ________________________________________________ 7.我们应当遵守那些帮助我们保持健康的生活准则。 ________________________________________________ 8.压力太大的人容易产生坏情绪。 ________________________________________________ 9.我们帮助过的那位残疾人十分乐观。 ________________________________________________ 10.这是我听过最明智的健康建议。 ________________________________________________ Keys 一、词形填空 1.pressure 2.energetic 3.sensible 4.unable 5.teeth 6.congratulations 7.illnesses 8.pale 9.guidelines 10.based 11.Soybeans 12.nuts 13.relaxed 14.affect 15.pills 16.thirstier 17.healthy 18.married 19.kicked 20.disabled 21.habit 22.jogging 23.helpful 24.harmful 25.balanced 二、单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.B 三、句子改写 1.The boy who/that has a bad headache is my deskmate. 2.The advice that/which the doctor gave us is very useful. 3.The food that/which contains lots of grains is good for health. 4.The person who/that teaches us healthy habits is a health expert. 5.The pill that/which works well is for stomachache. 6.The students who/that take exercise every day are very energetic. 7.The habit of staying up late is bad for our body. 8.The book that/which I bought yesterday introduces healthy diets. 9.The girl whom/who/that we saw in the classroom feels thirsty. 10.The rule that/which we must follow keeps us healthy. 四、汉译英 1.People who take regular exercise are usually energetic. 2.This is an eating habit that/which is good for our health. 3.All people that/who keep a balanced diet seldom fall ill. 4.The doctor who/that gives us health advice is very professional. 5.I like the grains and nuts that/which are rich in nutrition. 6.Staying up late is a bad habit that/which is harmful to our health. 7.We should follow the living guidelines that/which help us keep healthy. 8.People who have too much pressure may easily have bad moods. 9.The disabled man whom/who/that we helped is very optimistic. 10.10.This is the most sensible health advice that I have ever heard. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $