Unit 5 Nature's Temper（知识清单）英语新教材鲁教版五四制八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 5知识清单系统整合了“Nature’s Temper”主题下的核心内容，涵盖73个核心词汇、68个实用短语、25个功能句型、过去进行时语法及3类写作任务，搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到语篇输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（词汇按词性、短语按场景）、分级解析（语法设“用法详解”“特殊用法”模块）及关联设计（句型与语法结合）构建知识体系，如“过去进行时与一般过去时区别表”“possibly/maybe/probably辨析”等内容培养学生语言能力与思维品质。写作任务提供“天气现象→个人感受→事件结果”结构提示，助力不同水平学生高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单词 1.____________ n.脾气；怒气 2.____________ n.地震 3.____________ n.台风 4.____________ n.野火 5.____________ n.雪暴；暴风雪 6.____________ n.水灾；洪水 v.泛滥；淹没 7.____________ n.久旱；旱灾 8.____________ v.警告；提醒注意 9.____________ 做家务 10._________ n.波浪；波；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞 11.____________ n.海啸 12.____________ n.采访；面试 v.采访；对（某人）进行面试 13.____________ adv.可能；或许 14.____________ n.&v.汇报；报道 15.____________ n.街区；临近的地方 16.____________ n.屋顶；顶部 17.____________ adv.几乎；差不多；将近 18.____________ n.苦恼；困难 v.使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 19.____________ n.亲戚；亲属 20.____________ n.卡车 21.____________ n.供应（量）；(pl.supplies)补给(品) v.供应；供给 22.____________ n.准备（工作）；预备 23.____________ 作准备 24.____________ n.电力供应；能量；力量 25.____________ adv.（睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 26.____________ adj.厚的；浓密的 27.____________ v. (beat, beaten) 敲；打 28.____________ v. (hid, hidden) 躲藏；隐蔽 29.____________ n.龙卷风；旋风 30.____________ adj.& adv.最坏（的）；最糟（的） 31.____________ n.（学校的）女生 32.____________ n.泡；泡沫 33.____________ v.拒绝；退却 34.____________ n.安全；保安；保障 35.____________ n.卫兵；保卫 v.保卫 36.____________ 保安人员 37.____________ adj.附近的 adv.在附近 38.____________ v.尖叫 39.____________ adv.幸亏；感激地 40.____________ n.知识；学问 41.____________ n.思考；想法 42.____________ 除......之外 43.____________ 一......就...... 44.________ n. (pl.heroes) 英雄；男主角；偶像 45.__________ n.（山坡或悬崖的）滑坡；塌方 46.____________ v.保护；捍卫 n.安全设施 47.____________ n.洪水 48.____________ n.劳动力；人力 49.____________ n.心跳（声） 50.____________ n.救援 v.援救；营救 51.____________ n.热浪 52.____________ prep., adv.& conj.自......以后；从......以来 conj.既然；由于 53.____________ adj.西南的；西南方向的 54.____________ n.消防队员 55.____________ n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 56.____________ adv.非常糟地；非常 57.____________ n.警报（器）；惊恐 58.____________ 闹钟 59.____________ 醒来 60.____________ （警报器等）突然发出巨响 61._______ v.复习；回顾；复查 n.回顾；审查 62.____________ adj.突然的；骤然的 63.____________ 突然；猛地 64.____________ n.雷；雷声 v.打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 65.____________ 到......的时候 66.____________ adj.通常的；寻常的 67.____________ 上气不接下气 68.____________ n.暴风雨 69.____________ 因此 70.________ adj.不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 71.____________ adj.阴雨的；多雨的 72.____________ 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 73.____________ 日本 短语 1._________________ 自然灾害 2._________________ 得知；听到关于 3._________________ 提醒/警告某人某事/物 4._________________ 及时 5._________________ 做家庭作业 6._________________ 做家务 7._________________ 住酒店 8._________________ 乘火车 9._________________ 发生；举行 10._________________ 被淹没 11._________________ ......的时候 12._________________ 突然；猛地 13._________________ 减慢 14._________________ 知道；了解 15._________________ 导致某人做某事 16._________________ 在台风眼中心 17._________________ 注意；关注 18._________________ 发生事故 19._________________ 出发；离开 20._________________ 下次 21._________________ 应急物资 22._________________ 待在室内 23._________________ 做准备 24._________________ 降落在......上 25._________________ 出去；熄灭 26._________________ 写一封信 27._________________ 查阅；向上看 28._________________ 撞击；拍打 29._________________ 立刻；马上 30._________________ 躲避；隐藏 31._________________ 走到外面 32._________________ 其余的；剩下的 33._________________ 沿着海滩走 34._________________ 在......顶部 35._________________ 代替；而不是 36._________________ 迈出一步 37._________________ 立刻；马上 38._________________ 下车；离开 39._________________ 多亏；由于 40.________________ 从......移开 41._________________ 一......就...... 42._________________ 保安 43._________________ 救某人的命 44._________________ ......的不同部分 45._________________ 合作 46._________________ 扑灭；熄灭 47._________________ 远离 48._________________ 放弃 49._________________ 到.....结束时 50._________________ 闹钟 51._________________ （警报、闹钟等）响起 52._________________ 醒来 53._________________ 到......的时候 54._________________ 担心 55._________________ 上气不接下气 56._________________ 因为；由于 57._________________ 结果；因此 58._________________ 出故障；出错 59._________________ 感冒 60._________________ 另一方面 61._________________ 立刻行动 62._________________ 生死之别 63._________________ 避免做某事 64.________________ 天气预报 65.________________ 打扫干净；清理 66._________________ 跑向安全地带 67._________________ 爆发；突然发生 68._________________ 一片漆黑 句型 1.—What were you doing when the rainstorm came? —暴风雨来的时候你在做什么？ —I was reading in the library at that time.—那时我正在图书馆看书。 2.Our neighbour warned us about it in time. 我们的邻居及时提醒了我们这件事。 3. —What were you doing at the time? —当时你在做什么？ —Oh, my family were having dinner when she called. —哦，她打电话的时候，我们全家正在吃晚饭。 4.I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden. 我正在做作业，突然大楼摇晃起来。 5.—What were you doing when it started, Jiaming? —佳明，暴风雨开始时你在做什么？ —Oh, I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. —哦，我妈妈在做午饭时，我正在做家务。 6.Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon? 打扰一下，台风期间你们遇到什么麻烦了吗？ 7.We were driving home from our relatives' house when the strong winds started. 大风开始刮起时，我们正从亲戚家开车回家。 8.He was waiting for the bus when it started to rain heavily. 天开始下大雨时，他正在等公交车。 9.While she was cooking, the light went out suddenly. 她做饭时，灯突然灭了。 10.Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.最后，她妈妈决定独自继续散步，而家里其他人都回到了酒店。 11.He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. 他立刻行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 12.People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海面涌来时，一边尖叫一边拼命奔跑。 13.This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. 这个真实的故事表明，一堂课就能意味着生死之别。 14.Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 多亏了她的知识和快速反应，一名女学生得以挽救了100多人的生命。 15.It was very hard to fight the fires because of the high temperatures and changeable winds, but the rescue workers to give up.由于高温和变幻的风，灭火非常困难，但救援人员没有放弃。 16.By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires. 到八月底，他们成功扑灭了所有火灾。 17.I got to school out of breath because I ran all the way. 我跑到学校，上气不接下气，因为我一路跑来。 18.Make sure that all the doors are locked before you leave. 离开前务必确保所有门都锁好了。 19.The teacher advised us to pay attention to the weather report every day. 老师建议我们每天关注天气预报。 20.It's important to stay calm when a natural disaster happens. 自然灾害发生时保持冷静很重要。 21.While my mom was cleaning the room, my dad was fixing the broken chair. 我妈妈在打扫房间时，我爸爸在修理坏掉的椅子。 22.By the time I got up, my sister had already left home. 当我起床时，我姐姐已经离开家了。 23.As soon as we heard the alarm, we ran for safety right away. 我们一听到警报，就立刻跑向安全地带。 24.The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella! 风太大了，我根本打不了伞！ 25.I was still worrying about the test when the bus driver said that we would be late. 当公交车司机说我们会迟到时，我还在担心考试。 语法 过去进行时 写作 写一篇关于遭遇恶劣天气的故事 一、知识点清单 知识点1：1.Nature's Temper自然的脾气(教材P41) temper n ①脾气 ______________________对某人发脾气 ______________________脾气暴躁 ______________________(忍住牌气;不发火) He must learn to control his temper.他得学会控制脾气。 Don't lose your temper with others.不要对别人发脾气。 ②怒气 ______________________发脾气 ______________________勃然大怒 He's in a temper.他发脾气。 知识点2： How do natural disasters affect our lives?(教材P41) 【详解】 ① affect v.影响，打动; (及物动词); affect sb/sth(影响/打动某人/某物) ______________________ (受......影响/被......打动) 例: Many plants are affected by the cold winter. ②effect影响;效果 ______________________(对菜人/某物有影响) 例: The noise affects my study. 例:The noise has an effect on my study. 知识点3：Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner.欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。(教材P42) warn v. 警告；提醒注意 warn 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见搭配为: ______________________警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 ______________________警告某人注意某事 ______________________.告诫某人不要做某事 warn (sb) + that从句警告(某人)说…… 例句：1.I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。 2.The message warmed us of/ about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。 3.He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。 4.Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健康有害。 知识点4：Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded.有时会有巨浪，海岸附近的地区会被淹没。(教材P43) wave n.波浪；波；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞 (1)wave作名词时，意为“波浪；波；挥手”，为可数名词。 Huge waves were breaking on the shore.巨浪拍打着海岸。 A sound wave travels through the air.声波在空气中传播。 He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时他 向我们挥了挥手。 (2)wave作动词时，意为“挥手；挥舞”，可构成常见搭配：______________________向某人挥手 Ella waved at us and we waved back.埃拉向我们挥手，我们也向她挥手。 The children are waving the flags in their hands happily.孩子们高兴地挥舞着手中的旗帜。 知识点5：When did the interviews take place?采访是什么时候进行？(教材P43) 【详解1】interview n.采访;面试 v.采访;对(某人进行面试) (1)interview作名词，意为"面试；访谈"。 He will have an interview next week for the manager’s job.他下周将要接受一个经理职位的面试。 The interview was published in all the papers.各家报纸都刊载了这次采访。 (2)interview作动词，意为"采访；面试"。interview sb.意为"采访某人",相当于have an interview with sb.。 Many people went to interview a young boy after he became an Internet sensation for his good looks and innocent smile.一个年轻男孩因其帅气的外表和纯真的微笑在网络引起轰动后，很多人去采访他。 拓展:interviewee作名词，意为"被采访者；参加面试者”;interviewer作名词，意为"采访者；主持面试者"。 【详解2】take place意为＂发生＂。 【易混辨析】 happen ＂发生＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。 ☞ A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 take place 一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。 ☞ Great changes took place in my hometown last year. 去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 知识点6：Where did the interviews possibly take place? 采访可能在哪里进行？(教材P43) 【详解】possibly adv.可能；或许 辨析possibly, maybe, perhaps和probably 辨析 用法 possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低 maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子 perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末 probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高 This last task is possibly the most difficult.这最后一项任务也许是最难的。 Maybe he’ll change his mind.或许他会改变主意。 It won’t take so long next time,perhaps.也许下次不用那么久。 You probably don’t remember me, but we met at a meeting last year.你可能不记得我了，但我们去年在一次会议上见过面。 知识点7：A window in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.这个男人家的窗户破了，屋顶也几乎被掀翻。(教材P43) 【详解】nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 辨析nearly与almost 辨析 用法 nearly 不可与no、never、nothing等 否定词连用，但可与not连 用，not nearly“远非，绝不是 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时 两者常可互换 nearly前可用very、pretty词、形容词、副 等词修饰 almost 表示"几乎；差不多 ”,可与any或no、never、nothing 等否定词连用，但不能与not连用 They are nearly/almost reaching the end.他们几乎要 到终点了。 There are nearly 2,000 students in our school.我们学校有近2000名学生。 It's almost time to go.是差不多该走的时候了。 Almost no one believes her.几乎没有人相信她。 知识点8：Did you have any trouble during the typhoon？台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗？(教材P43) 【详解】trouble n.苦恼；困难；困境 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 【拓展延伸】trouble构成的其他搭配：____________“陷入困境；遇到麻烦”；____________“处于困境之中”。 Eg.If you get into trouble, you can call me. 如果你遇到麻烦，可以给我打电话。 Please call 110 when you are in trouble. 当你有困难时请拨打110。 ______________________表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，a little，great，no，a lot of等。 ☞ I have no difficulty in learning English well. 我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。 ☞ I have some trouble in reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。 知识点9：Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed? 你的家人在台风 登陆前做了什么准备吗？（教材P44） 【详解】preparation n.准备 (工作）；预备 (1)preparation作可数名词，意为“准备 (工作）”常用搭配为： ______________________为……作准备 ______________________准备做某事 The students are making preparations for the final exam.学生们正在为期末考试作准备。 We made preparations to move to new offices.我们为搬到新办公室做好了准备。 (2)preparation作可数名词，意为“预备；准备”，常用搭配为： Careful preparation for the exam is necessary.认真准备考试是有必要的。 【拓展延伸】 preparation的动词形式为prepare,意为“使做好准备；把……预备好”,常用搭配为： prepare sth准备某物 ______________________为……准备…… ______________________为某人准备某物 ______________________准备去做某事 Mom is preparing the traditional dinner, and we are preparing for the new year.妈妈正在准备传 统晚宴,我们在为新年做准备。 She prepared a nice breakfast for us.她为我们准备了一顿可口的早餐。 Her parents were busy preparing to go on holiday.她的父母正忙于准备度假。 知识点10：What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?下大雪的时候你在做什么？（教材P45） 【详解】while 为连词，表示＂在……期间；当……的时候＂。 while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。while用于表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的，常对同类的两个动作进行对比。 ☞ I was writing a letter while Mom was watching TV. 妈妈在看电视的时候我在写信。 ☞ Please write while I read. 我读的时候请写下来。 【知识拓展】 when 既可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段，从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。 while 只表示某个时间段，从句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，且多用于进行时态。强调主句与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 知识点11： When Jenny looked up,thick black clouds were forming in the sky,and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。(教材P45) 【详解】beat v.敲;打 (1)beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为_______,过去分词为_______。 Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。 (2) beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"。 He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。 【用法详解】beat的多种用法： 单词 含义 用法 例句 beat 击打 主语是人，宾语可以是人或物 Somebody is beating at the door. 有人在敲门。 拍打 主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。 beat on against“拍打在某地方” The rain beats heavily against the windows. 雨水重重地敲打窗户。 打败 beat后常接人或由人组成的队伍（beat sb.） He always beats me in tennis. 他打网球总是赢我。 win表示赢得比赛、奖牌、奖杯等，通常match, competition, game, prize等搭配（win sth.） If we win the match, we will be the champion.如果我们赢了比赛，我们就是冠军。 【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为for。常用搭配：be against (doing) sth.“反对（做）某事”；__________________. “与某人比赛”。 Eg.He stood against the door. 他倚着门站着。 Are you for or against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？ She is against smoking at home. 她反对在家抽烟。 辨析beat与win 辨析 用法 beat 意为“打败战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。 win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等 He won the first prize in the English speech competition.他在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。 We beat the football team of Class 2 yesterday.我们昨天打败了二班的足球队。 知识点12： Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.爸爸给了她一些巧克力，告诉她他们在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。(教材P45) 【详解】hide v.躲藏，隐蔽 hide的常见用法如下： ______________________躲避某人 ______________________背着某人藏 …… ______________________把自己藏起来 例句：1.She hid the letters from her parents.她背着父母把信件藏了起来。 2.When he heard us coming, he hid himself behind a bush.他听见我们来了，就躲到了灌木丛后面。 3.I have never tried to hide the truth about my past 我从未设法隐瞒我的过去。 知识点13：Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.最后，她的母亲决定独自继续散步，而家里的其他人都回到了酒店。(教材P46) 【详解】 ①___________________ 决定做某事，decide 后接不定式 例句：She decided to visit her grandparents this weekend. 拓展：__________n.决定；make a decision to do sth. ②______________________ 继续做同一件事； ______________________继续做另一件事 例句：He continued reading the book. / He continued to watch TV after dinner. ③the rest of …… 的剩余部分，后接名词 / 代词，谓语动词单复数由名词决定 例句：The rest of the water is dirty. The rest of the students are reading. 知识点14：He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.他立刻行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。(教材P46) 【详解】 ①______________________ 立即行动，固定搭配 ②______________________立刻，马上，= at once /immediately） ③______________________匆忙做某事； ④______________________ 让某人离开某地 知识点15：People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海面涌来时，一边尖叫一边拼命奔跑。(教材P46) 【详解】 ① ______________________（并列动词，用 and 连接，均用过去进行时） ②______________________（固定搭配，“尽他们所能快地”，= as fast as possible） ③______________________（看见某人 / 某物正在做某事，强调动作正在进行） 例句：They were laughing and talking as loudly as they could when the teacher came in. 知识点16： In August 2022,China experienced a great heatwave,the worst since 1961.2022年8月，中国经历了自1961年以来最严重的热浪。（教材P48） 【详解】since prep.,adv.&conj.自……以后；从……以来 conj.既然；由于 (1)since作介词，后跟某一确定的过去的时间点或“一段时间+ago”。for后跟时间段 Since then,around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year,the villagers perform fire dragon dances to make wishes.从那以后，每年中秋节前后，村民们都会表演火龙舞来祈福。 (2)since作副词，常用于句末。 She left London ten years ago,and I haven't seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她。 (3)since作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“自……以来”。对由since引导的时间状语从句提问时，要用how long。 It is five years since they left here.他们离开这里已经五年了。 —How long have you worked here?你在这里工作多久了? —Since I graduated from college.自从我大学毕业后。 (4)since作连词，引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然；由于”。 Since you’re tired,let’s stay at home.既然你累了，咱们就待在家里吧。 Since its broth is mostly just water and has no red peppers,it is not spicy.因为其底汤主要是水，不含红辣椒，所以不辣。 辨析because, since和as 辨析 用法 because 表示直接因果关系，可指已知或未知的事实，语气最强，常用于回答以why开头的问句；引导的从句通常置于主句之后，在强调时置于主句之前；because不能与so连用 since 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常翻译成“既然”),语气比because弱 as 引导原因状语从句时，表示较为明显或双方已知的事实，语气亦较弱，位置较为灵活(常放在主句之前) 知识点16： Over 5,000 firefighters,police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。(教材P48) 【详解】volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 (1)volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”，常见搭配为： be a volunteer for sth (2)volunteer作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，常见搭配为： ______________________.自愿充当…… ______________________自愿做某事 She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse. 她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。 I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools. 在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。 知识点17：First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先,我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒得很晚,不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。(教材P49) 【详解】go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响 (1)go off意为“(警报器等)突然发出巨响”,是固定短语。 (2)go off还有“离开；爆炸；熄灭；变质”之意。She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。 Suddenly the lights went off.灯突然熄灭了。 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather.在炎热的天气里，肉变质得快。 知识点18：As a result,she said we weren’t having a test after all!结果，她说我们根本就没有考试!(教材P49) 辨析as a result和as a result of 辨析 用法 as a result 意为“因此”,是副词短语，强调已发生的结果，常用于句首，用逗号与其他成分隔开 as a result of 意为“由于；作为……的结果”,是短语介词，强调导致结果的原因，后面需接名词、代词或动词-ing形式构成原因状语 I nearly missed the show as a result of sleeping late.由于睡过头了，我差点错过了演出。 拓展:result还作动词，短语result in意为“造成；导致”,result from意为“(因……)发生”。 The body's reaction to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death.人体对某些食物的反应可能会非常严重，会导致呼吸困难甚至死亡。 知识点19：By the time the bus came，I was cold and wet.到公共汽车来的时候,我又冷又湿。(教材P49) 【详解】by the time引导的时间状语从句强调在某时前或到某时的时候，主句中的动作已发生或已出现某情况。若主句时态是一般将来时，by the time引导的从句一般不用将来时，而用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 By the time we arrived,the meeting was over. 等我们到达时，会议已经结束了。 By the time you get there the meeting will be over.等你到了那里的时候，会议就该结束了。 注意:有时在含by the time 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主从句都用一般现在时。 By the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren't any seats left.当公共汽车到达我在的车站时，就没有空位子了。 二、语法点清单 过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 3、 写作清单 1．以“An Experience in Bad Weather”为题，描述一次你亲身经历的恶劣天气事件，按照“天气现象→个人感受→事件结果”的顺序展开。 写作要求：(1)条理清楚，意思连贯；(2)词数80以上，文中不出现真实的人名校名。 An Experience in Bad Weather ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．请根据以下提示以“A rainstorm”为题，写一篇有关暴雨的短文。 提示：去年6月25日，一场暴雨袭击了我的家乡。当时我正在学校上课，因为雨大，王老师让我们早点回家。在回家的路上，我看见许多人在车站等车。一阵大风吹跑了我的雨伞……大雨下了整整一夜，第二天…… 要求： 1.根据提示内容进行合理想象； 2.短文不少于70词。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．题目：A Natural Disaster I Experienced/Know About 要求： 1. 描述你经历过或了解的一次自然灾害 (如 typhoon, earthquake, flood 等)； 2. 说明当时你或他人正在做什么 (使用过去进行时)； 3. 描述灾害造成的影响以及人们如何应对； 4. 谈谈你从这次经历中学到了什么； 5. 语句通顺，语法正确，逻辑清晰； 6. 词数不少于80词。 A Natural Disaster I Experienced/Know About ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单词 1.temper n.脾气；怒气 2.earthquake n.地震 3.typhoon n. 台风 4.wildfire n.野火 5.snowstorm n.雪暴；暴风雪 6.flood n.水灾；洪水v.泛滥；淹没 7.drought n.久旱；旱灾 8.warn v.警告；提醒注意 9.do chores 做家务 10.wave n.波浪；波；挥手v.挥手；挥舞 11.tsunami n.海啸 12.interview n.采访；面试 v.采访；对（某人）进行面试 13.possibly adv.可能；或许 14.report n. &v.汇报；报道 15.neighbourhood n.街区；临近的地方 16.roof n.屋顶；顶部 17.nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 18.trouble n.苦恼；困难 v.使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 19.relative n.亲戚；亲属 20.truck n.卡车 21.supply n.供应（量）；(pl.supplies)补给(品)v.供应；供给 22.preparation n.准备（工作）；预备 23.make preparations作准备 24.power n.电力供应；能量；力量 25.soundly adv.（睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 26.thick adj.厚的；浓密的 27.beat v. (beat, beaten )敲；打 28.hide v. (hid , hidden )躲藏；隐蔽 29.tornado n.龙卷风；旋风 30.worst adj.& adv.最坏（的）；最糟（的） 31.schoolgirl n.（学校的）女生 32.froth n.泡；泡沫 33.refuse v.拒绝；退却 34.security n.安全；保安；保障 35.guard n.卫兵；保卫v.保卫 36.security guard 保安人员 37.nearby adj.附近的adv.在附近 38.scream v.尖叫 39.thankfully adv.幸亏；感激地 40.knowledge n.知识；学问 41.thinking n.思考；想法 42.except for除……之外 43.as soon as一……就…… 44.hero n. (pl.heroes)英雄；男主角；偶像 45.landslide n.（山坡或悬崖的）滑坡；塌方 46.safeguard v.保护；捍卫n.安全设施 47.floodwater n.洪水 48.manpower n.劳动力；人力 49.heartbeat n.心跳（声） 50.rescue n.救援 v.援救；营救 51.heatwave n.热浪 52.since prep., adv.& conj.自……以后；从……以来conj.既然；由于 53.southwestern adj.西南的；西南方向的 54.firefighter n.消防队员 55.volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 56.terribly adv.非常糟地；非常 57.alarm n.警报（器 ）；惊恐 58.alarm clock闹钟 59.wake up 醒来 60.go off（警报器等）突然发出巨响 61.review v.复习；回顾；复查n.回顾；审查 62.sudden adj.突然的；骤然的 63.all of a sudden 突然；猛地 64.thunder n. 雷；雷声 v.打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 65.by the time 到……的时候 66.usual adj.通常的；寻常的 67.out of breath 上气不接下气 68.rainstorm n.暴风雨 69.as a result因此 70.unlucky adj.不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 71.rainy adj.阴雨的；多雨的 72.go wrong出现问题；发生故障；搞错 73.Japan日本 短语 1. natural disasters 自然灾害 2. hear about 得知;听到关于 3.warn sb of/about sth提醒/警告某人某事/物 4. in time 及时 5.do homework 做家庭作业 6.do chores 做家务 7. stay in a hotel 住酒店 8.take a train 乘火车 9.take place 发生；举行 10.get flooded 被淹没 11.at the time of ......的时候 12.all of a sudden 突然;猛地 13. slow down 减慢 14.know about 知道;了解 15. cause sb to do sth导致某人做某事 16. in the eye of a typhoon 在台风眼中心 17. pay attention to 注意；关注 18. get into an accident 发生事故 19.move off 出发；离开 20.next time 下次 21.emergency supplies 应急物资 22.stay inside 待在室内 23. make preparations 做准备 24.land on 降落在……上 25. go out 出去；熄灭 26. write a letter 写一封信 27.look up 查阅；向上看 28. beat against 撞击；拍打 29.at once 立刻；马上 30.hide from 躲避；隐藏 31. step outside 走到外面 32.the rest of 其余的；剩下的 33.walk along the beach 沿着海滩走 34.on the top of 在……顶部 35.instead of 代替；而不是 36. take a single step 迈出一步 37.right away 立刻；马上 38.get off 下车；离开 39.thanks to 多亏；由于 49. move away from 从……移开 41.as soon as 一……就…… 42. security guard 保安 43. save one's life 救某人的命 44.different parts of ……的不同部分 45. work together 合作 46.put out 扑灭；熄灭 47.stay away from 远离 48.give up 放弃 49.by the end of 到…结束时 50.alarm clock 闹钟 51.go off （警报、闹钟等）响起 52. wake up 醒来 53. by the time 到……的时候 54. worry about 担心 55.out of breath 上气不接下气 56. because of 因为；由于 57. as a result 结果；因此 58.go wrong 出故障；出错 59.catch a cold 感冒 60.on the other hand 另一方面 61. jump into action 立刻行动 62. the difference between life and death 生死之别 63. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 64.weather report 天气预报 65.clean up 打扫干净;清理 66.run for safety 跑向安全地带 67.break out 爆发;突然发生 68.in total darkness 一片漆黑 句型 1.—What were you doing when the rainstorm came? —暴风雨来的时候你在做什么？ —I was reading in the library at that time.—那时我正在图书馆看书。 2.Our neighbour warned us about it in time. 我们的邻居及时提醒了我们这件事。 3. —What were you doing at the time? —当时你在做什么？ —Oh, my family were having dinner when she called. —哦，她打电话的时候，我们全家正在吃晚饭。 4.I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden. 我正在做作业，突然大楼摇晃起来。 5.—What were you doing when it started, Jiaming? —佳明，暴风雨开始时你在做什么？ —Oh, I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. —哦，我妈妈在做午饭时，我正在做家务。 6.Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon? 打扰一下，台风期间你们遇到什么麻烦了吗？ 7.We were driving home from our relatives' house when the strong winds started. 大风开始刮起时，我们正从亲戚家开车回家。 8.He was waiting for the bus when it started to rain heavily. 天开始下大雨时，他正在等公交车。 9.While she was cooking, the light went out suddenly. 她做饭时，灯突然灭了。 10.Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.最后，她妈妈决定独自继续散步，而家里其他人都回到了酒店。 11.He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. 他立刻行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 12.People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海面涌来时，一边尖叫一边拼命奔跑。 13.This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. 这个真实的故事表明，一堂课就能意味着生死之别。 14.Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 多亏了她的知识和快速反应，一名女学生得以挽救了100多人的生命。 15.It was very hard to fight the fires because of the high temperatures and changeable winds, but the rescue workers to give up.由于高温和变幻的风，灭火非常困难，但救援人员没有放弃。 16.By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires. 到八月底，他们成功扑灭了所有火灾。 17.I got to school out of breath because I ran all the way. 我跑到学校，上气不接下气，因为我一路跑来。 18.Make sure that all the doors are locked before you leave. 离开前务必确保所有门都锁好了。 19.The teacher advised us to pay attention to the weather report every day. 老师建议我们每天关注天气预报。 20.It's important to stay calm when a natural disaster happens. 自然灾害发生时保持冷静很重要。 21.While my mom was cleaning the room, my dad was fixing the broken chair. 我妈妈在打扫房间时，我爸爸在修理坏掉的椅子。 22.By the time I got up, my sister had already left home. 当我起床时，我姐姐已经离开家了。 23.As soon as we heard the alarm, we ran for safety right away. 我们一听到警报，就立刻跑向安全地带。 24.The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella! 风太大了，我根本打不了伞！ 25.I was still worrying about the test when the bus driver said that we would be late. 当公交车司机说我们会迟到时，我还在担心考试。 语法 过去进行时 写作 写一篇关于遭遇恶劣天气的故事 一、知识点清单 知识点1：1.Nature's Temper自然的脾气(教材P41) temper n ①脾气 lose one's temper with sb 对某人发脾气 have a hot temper 脾气暴躁 keep one's temper(忍住牌气;不发火) He must learn to control his temper.他得学会控制脾气。 Don't lose your temper with others.不要对别人发脾气。 ②怒气 in a temper 发脾气 fly into a temper勃然大怒 He's in a temper.他发脾气。 知识点2： How do natural disasters affect our lives?(教材P41) 【详解】 ① affect v.影响，打动; (及物动词); affect sb/sth(影响/打动某人/某物) be affected by sth/sb (受......影响/被......打动) 例: Many plants are affected by the cold winter. ②effect影响;效果 have an effect on sb/sth(对菜人/某物有影响) 例: The noise affects my study. 例:The noise has an effect on my study. 知识点3：Xinyi was warning a neighbour/ having dinner.欣怡正在警告邻居/吃晚饭。(教材P42) warn v. 警告；提醒注意 warn 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见搭配为: warn sb (not) to do sth 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事 warn sb of about sth警告某人注意某事 war sb against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事 warn (sb) + that从句警告(某人)说…… 例句：1.I warned her not to go near the dog.我警告她不要靠近那条狗。 2.The message warmed us of/ about possible danger.这条信息警告我们注意潜在的危险。 3.He warned me against going there at night.他告诫我不要晚上去那儿。 4.Experts warn that eating too much chocolate is bad for health.专家警告说吃太多巧克力对健康有害。 知识点4：Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded.有时会有巨浪，海岸附近的地区会被淹没。(教材P43) wave n.波浪；波；挥手 v.挥手；挥舞 (1)wave作名词时，意为“波浪；波；挥手”，为可数名词。 Huge waves were breaking on the shore.巨浪拍打着海岸。 A sound wave travels through the air.声波在空气中传播。 He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时他 向我们挥了挥手。 (2)wave作动词时，意为“挥手；挥舞”，可构成常见搭配：wave to/at sb.向某人挥手 Ella waved at us and we waved back.埃拉向我们挥手，我们也向她挥手。 The children are waving the flags in their hands happily.孩子们高兴地挥舞着手中的旗帜。 知识点5：When did the interviews take place?采访是什么时候进行？(教材P43) 【详解1】interview n.采访;面试 v.采访;对(某人进行面试) (1)interview作名词，意为"面试；访谈"。 He will have an interview next week for the manager’s job.他下周将要接受一个经理职位的面试。 The interview was published in all the papers.各家报纸都刊载了这次采访。 (2)interview作动词，意为"采访；面试"。interview sb.意为"采访某人",相当于have an interview with sb.。 Many people went to interview a young boy after he became an Internet sensation for his good looks and innocent smile.一个年轻男孩因其帅气的外表和纯真的微笑在网络引起轰动后，很多人去采访他。 拓展:interviewee作名词，意为"被采访者；参加面试者”;interviewer作名词，意为"采访者；主持面试者"。 【详解2】take place意为＂发生＂。 【易混辨析】 happen ＂发生＂，是一般用语，词义较广，一般指事情、事故的发生，强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生，不用于被动语态。 ☞ A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday. 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 take place 一般指有计划、事先安排的事件的＂发生＂，没有偶然性，也表示一般的＂发生＂，此外还有＂举行＂的意思。 ☞ Great changes took place in my hometown last year. 去年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 知识点6：Where did the interviews possibly take place? 采访可能在哪里进行？(教材P43) 【详解】possibly adv.可能；或许 辨析possibly, maybe, perhaps和probably 辨析 用法 possibly 意为“可能；或许”,指客观上潜存着发生 某种变化的可能，可能性较低 maybe 意为“可能；或许”,含不确定意味，常放 在句首，修饰整个句子 perhaps 意为“可能；也许”,相当于maybe,可用 于句首、句中或句末 probably 意为“很可能；几乎肯定；大概”,一般指 依常理推断有发生的可能，可能性很高 This last task is possibly the most difficult.这最后一项任务也许是最难的。 Maybe he’ll change his mind.或许他会改变主意。 It won’t take so long next time,perhaps.也许下次不用那么久。 You probably don’t remember me, but we met at a meeting last year.你可能不记得我了，但我们去年在一次会议上见过面。 知识点7：A window in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.这个男人家的窗户破了，屋顶也几乎被掀翻。(教材P43) 【详解】nearly adv.几乎；差不多；将近 辨析nearly与almost 辨析 用法 nearly 不可与no、never、nothing等 否定词连用，但可与not连 用，not nearly“远非，绝不是 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时 两者常可互换 nearly前可用very、pretty词、形容词、副 等词修饰 almost 表示"几乎；差不多 ”,可与any或no、never、nothing 等否定词连用，但不能与not连用 They are nearly/almost reaching the end.他们几乎要 到终点了。 There are nearly 2,000 students in our school.我们学校有近2000名学生。 It's almost time to go.是差不多该走的时候了。 Almost no one believes her.几乎没有人相信她。 知识点8：Did you have any trouble during the typhoon？台风期间你遇到什么麻烦了吗？(教材P43) 【详解】trouble n.苦恼；困难；困境 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 【拓展延伸】trouble构成的其他搭配：get into trouble“陷入困境；遇到麻烦”；be in trouble“处于困境之中”。 Eg.If you get into trouble, you can call me. 如果你遇到麻烦，可以给我打电话。 Please call 110 when you are in trouble. 当你有困难时请拨打110。 have trouble doing sth表示＂做某事有困难＂，相当于have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth，介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some，a little，great，no，a lot of等。 ☞ I have no difficulty in learning English well. 我在把英语学好上没有什么困难。 ☞ I have some trouble in reading her handwriting. 我认她的笔迹有些困难。 知识点9：Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed? 你的家人在台风 登陆前做了什么准备吗？（教材P44） 【详解】preparation n.准备 (工作）；预备 (1)preparation作可数名词，意为“准备 (工作）”常用搭配为： make preparations (for...)为……作准备 make preparations to do sth准备做某事 The students are making preparations for the final exam.学生们正在为期末考试作准备。 We made preparations to move to new offices.我们为搬到新办公室做好了准备。 (2)preparation作可数名词，意为“预备；准备”，常用搭配为： Careful preparation for the exam is necessary.认真准备考试是有必要的。 【拓展延伸】 preparation的动词形式为prepare,意为“使做好准备；把……预备好”,常用搭配为： prepare sth准备某物 prepare...for...为……准备…… prepare sth for sb为某人准备某物 prepare to do sth准备去做某事 Mom is preparing the traditional dinner, and we are preparing for the new year.妈妈正在准备传 统晚宴,我们在为新年做准备。 She prepared a nice breakfast for us.她为我们准备了一顿可口的早餐。 Her parents were busy preparing to go on holiday.她的父母正忙于准备度假。 知识点10：What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?下大雪的时候你在做什么？（教材P45） 【详解】while 为连词，表示＂在……期间；当……的时候＂。 while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。while用于表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的，常对同类的两个动作进行对比。 ☞ I was writing a letter while Mom was watching TV. 妈妈在看电视的时候我在写信。 ☞ Please write while I read. 我读的时候请写下来。 【知识拓展】 when 既可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段，从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。 while 只表示某个时间段，从句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，且多用于进行时态。强调主句与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 知识点11： When Jenny looked up,thick black clouds were forming in the sky,and the rain was beating against their roof.当珍妮抬头看时，天上乌云密布，雨水打在屋顶上。(教材P45) 【详解】beat v.敲;打 (1)beat可作不及物动词,意为“敲打”，常接介词on/against/at等, 其过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。 Martin was beating at the door with his hand.马丁在用手拍门。 (2) beat还可作及物动词,意为"打败"。 He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。 【用法详解】beat的多种用法： 单词 含义 用法 例句 beat 击打 主语是人，宾语可以是人或物 Somebody is beating at the door. 有人在敲门。 拍打 主语多为风、雨、海浪等名词。 beat on against“拍打在某地方” The rain beats heavily against the windows. 雨水重重地敲打窗户。 打败 beat后常接人或由人组成的队伍（beat sb.） He always beats me in tennis. 他打网球总是赢我。 win表示赢得比赛、奖牌、奖杯等，通常match, competition, game, prize等搭配（win sth.） If we win the match, we will be the champion.如果我们赢了比赛，我们就是冠军。 【拓展延伸】against介词，意为“倚；碰；撞”，还可表示“反对；对抗”，其反义词为for。常用搭配：be against (doing) sth.“反对（做）某事”；play against sb. “与某人比赛”。 Eg.He stood against the door. 他倚着门站着。 Are you for or against the plan? 你是支出还是反对这个计划？ She is against smoking at home. 她反对在家抽烟。 辨析beat与win 辨析 用法 beat 意为“打败战胜”， 后面跟比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人或指人或球队的名词或代词。 win 意为“赢;获胜”，作及物动词时，充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争奖品、金钱等名词，即race, match, game, competition, war, prize等 He won the first prize in the English speech competition.他在英语演讲比赛中赢得了第一名。 We beat the football team of Class 2 yesterday.我们昨天打败了二班的足球队。 知识点12： Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they were hiding from an angry lion.爸爸给了她一些巧克力，告诉她他们在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。(教材P45) 【详解】hide v.躲藏，隐蔽 hide的常见用法如下： hide from sb躲避某人 hide sb/sth from sb背着某人藏 …… hide oneself把自己藏起来 例句：1.She hid the letters from her parents.她背着父母把信件藏了起来。 2.When he heard us coming, he hid himself behind a bush.他听见我们来了，就躲到了灌木丛后面。 3.I have never tried to hide the truth about my past 我从未设法隐瞒我的过去。 知识点13：Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.最后，她的母亲决定独自继续散步，而家里的其他人都回到了酒店。(教材P46) 【详解】 ①decide to do sth. 决定做某事，decide 后接不定式 例句：She decided to visit her grandparents this weekend. 拓展：decision n.决定；make a decision to do sth. ②continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事； continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事 例句：He continued reading the book. / He continued to watch TV after dinner. ③the rest of …… 的剩余部分，后接名词 / 代词，谓语动词单复数由名词决定 例句：The rest of the water is dirty. The rest of the students are reading. 知识点14：He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.他立刻行动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。(教材P46) 【详解】 ①jump into action 立即行动，固定搭配 ②right away 立刻，马上，= at once /immediately） ③rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事； ④get sb. off sp. 让某人离开某地 知识点15：People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海面涌来时，一边尖叫一边拼命奔跑。(教材P46) 【详解】 ① scream and run （并列动词，用 and 连接，均用过去进行时） ②as fast as they could （固定搭配，“尽他们所能快地”，= as fast as possible） ③see sb./sth. doing sth. （看见某人 / 某物正在做某事，强调动作正在进行） 例句：They were laughing and talking as loudly as they could when the teacher came in. 知识点16： In August 2022,China experienced a great heatwave,the worst since 1961.2022年8月，中国经历了自1961年以来最严重的热浪。（教材P48） 【详解】since prep.,adv.&conj.自……以后；从……以来 conj.既然；由于 (1)since作介词，后跟某一确定的过去的时间点或“一段时间+ago”。for后跟时间段 Since then,around the Mid-Autumn Festival every year,the villagers perform fire dragon dances to make wishes.从那以后，每年中秋节前后，村民们都会表演火龙舞来祈福。 (2)since作副词，常用于句末。 She left London ten years ago,and I haven't seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她。 (3)since作连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“自……以来”。对由since引导的时间状语从句提问时，要用how long。 It is five years since they left here.他们离开这里已经五年了。 —How long have you worked here?你在这里工作多久了? —Since I graduated from college.自从我大学毕业后。 (4)since作连词，引导原因状语从句时，意为“既然；由于”。 Since you’re tired,let’s stay at home.既然你累了，咱们就待在家里吧。 Since its broth is mostly just water and has no red peppers,it is not spicy.因为其底汤主要是水，不含红辣椒，所以不辣。 辨析because, since和as 辨析 用法 because 表示直接因果关系，可指已知或未知的事实，语气最强，常用于回答以why开头的问句；引导的从句通常置于主句之后，在强调时置于主句之前；because不能与so连用 since 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常翻译成“既然”),语气比because弱 as 引导原因状语从句时，表示较为明显或双方已知的事实，语气亦较弱，位置较为灵活(常放在主句之前) 知识点16： Over 5,000 firefighters,police,and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.5000多名消防员、警察和志愿者齐心协力，保障民众及其家园的安全。(教材P48) 【详解】volunteer n.志愿者；自告奋勇者 v.自愿做；义务做 (1)volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”，常见搭配为： be a volunteer for sth (2)volunteer作动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，常见搭配为： volunteer as...自愿充当…… volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 She was a volunteer for the Red Cross before training as a nurse. 她在接受护士培训之前是红十字会的志愿者。 I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我在成都博物馆志愿当导游。 On weekdays, Liu volunteers to teach children marine protection in local schools. 在工作日，刘自愿在当地学校教孩子们海洋保护知识。 知识点17：First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先,我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒得很晚,不得不匆匆赶到公共汽车站。(教材P49) 【详解】go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响 (1)go off意为“(警报器等)突然发出巨响”,是固定短语。 (2)go off还有“离开；爆炸；熄灭；变质”之意。She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。 Suddenly the lights went off.灯突然熄灭了。 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather.在炎热的天气里，肉变质得快。 知识点18：As a result,she said we weren’t having a test after all!结果，她说我们根本就没有考试!(教材P49) 辨析as a result和as a result of 辨析 用法 as a result 意为“因此”,是副词短语，强调已发生的结果，常用于句首，用逗号与其他成分隔开 as a result of 意为“由于；作为……的结果”,是短语介词，强调导致结果的原因，后面需接名词、代词或动词-ing形式构成原因状语 I nearly missed the show as a result of sleeping late.由于睡过头了，我差点错过了演出。 拓展:result还作动词，短语result in意为“造成；导致”,result from意为“(因……)发生”。 The body's reaction to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death.人体对某些食物的反应可能会非常严重，会导致呼吸困难甚至死亡。 知识点19：By the time the bus came，I was cold and wet.到公共汽车来的时候,我又冷又湿。(教材P49) 【详解】by the time引导的时间状语从句强调在某时前或到某时的时候，主句中的动作已发生或已出现某情况。若主句时态是一般将来时，by the time引导的从句一般不用将来时，而用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 By the time we arrived,the meeting was over. 等我们到达时，会议已经结束了。 By the time you get there the meeting will be over.等你到了那里的时候，会议就该结束了。 注意:有时在含by the time 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主从句都用一般现在时。 By the time the bus gets to my stop, there aren't any seats left.当公共汽车到达我在的车站时，就没有空位子了。 二、语法点清单 过去进行时 常见考法： 对于过去进行时的考查，多以单选、词语运用或完形填空的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去进行时。 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 3. 表示委婉语气 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。 I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。 Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。 一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 4. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 3、 写作清单 1．以“An Experience in Bad Weather”为题，描述一次你亲身经历的恶劣天气事件，按照“天气现象→个人感受→事件结果”的顺序展开。 写作要求：(1)条理清楚，意思连贯；(2)词数80以上，文中不出现真实的人名校名。 An Experience in Bad Weather ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： An Experience in Bad Weather Last Tuesday, there was a strong sandstorm. The sky turned a dusty orange. I put on a mask and went out. The wind was strong and sand blew everywhere. I could hardly see and walked slowly. Sand got into my eyes and made me painful. When I got to school, I was covered in dust and felt exhausted. Luckily, our PE teacher canceled football practice because of the bad air. That unexpected break was the only good thing on that dusty day. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：叙事性记叙文，用一般过去时为主 明确要点：恶劣天气、出行经历与痛苦感受、意外惊喜 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，词数80词以上 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：交代时间与天气现象，引出沙尘暴事件 主体段：描述沙尘暴中的经历与个人感受 结尾段：说明事件结果，补充意外惊喜 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：天气与经历 天气类型：sandstorm, rainstorm, heavy snow, snowstorm, thunderstorm, strong wind, bad weather 天气描写：strong, dusty orange, sand blew everywhere, dark, terrible, thick fog, rainy, cloudy, windy 出行动作：put on a mask, went out, walked slowly, take an umbrella, stay at home, go to school carefully, wear warm clothes 感受描写：could hardly see, painful, frightened, terrible, uncomfortable, difficult, dangerous 要点二：到校状态与感受 外貌状态：covered in dust, dirty, wet, cold, messy 内心感受：exhausted, tired, sleepy, unhappy, sad 要点三：事件结果与情感 意外结果：canceled football practice, have a rest, stay in the classroom, no outdoor activities 原因：because of the bad air, because of the bad weather, it was too dangerous 情感升华：unexpected break, the only good thing, a nice surprise, feel happy, feel lucky 2．请根据以下提示以“A rainstorm”为题，写一篇有关暴雨的短文。 提示：去年6月25日，一场暴雨袭击了我的家乡。当时我正在学校上课，因为雨大，王老师让我们早点回家。在回家的路上，我看见许多人在车站等车。一阵大风吹跑了我的雨伞……大雨下了整整一夜，第二天…… 要求： 1.根据提示内容进行合理想象； 2.短文不少于70词。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A rainstorm A strong rainstorm hit my hometown. It happened on June 25th last year when we were having classes at school. Because it rained heavily, Mr.Wang asked us to go home early. On my way home, I saw many people waiting for the bus at the station. A strong wind blew away my umbrella. I nearly fell down. When I got home, I was all wet. It rained for the whole night. On the second day, the rainwater was everywhere. The flood washed away many trees and stones. The traffic was very bad because of the rainstorm. We were all late for school. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，用一般过去时 明确要点：暴雨时间、回家路上的见闻、第二天的景象 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：需根据提示内容进行合理想象，词数不少于70 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：介绍暴雨的时间和场景 第二段：介绍回家路上的见闻 第三段：介绍第二天的景象 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：暴雨时间和场景 发生的时间：on June 25th last year 正在做的事情：were having classes at school 老师安排：asked us to go home early 要点二：回家路上的见闻 人们的状态：waiting for the bus at the station 我的状态：blew away my umbrella/nearly fell down/got completely wet等 要点三：第二天的景象 景象描述：the rainwater was everywhere/washed away many trees and stones/the traffic was very bad/the streets were full of fallen trees and deep water/had to walk carefully to work or school等 3．题目：A Natural Disaster I Experienced/Know About 要求： 1. 描述你经历过或了解的一次自然灾害 (如 typhoon, earthquake, flood 等)； 2. 说明当时你或他人正在做什么 (使用过去进行时)； 3. 描述灾害造成的影响以及人们如何应对； 4. 谈谈你从这次经历中学到了什么； 5. 语句通顺，语法正确，逻辑清晰； 6. 词数不少于80词。 A Natural Disaster I Experienced/Know About ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A Natural Disaster I Experienced Last summer, I experienced a strong typhoon. At 8 p.m. that day, I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV. Suddenly, strong winds blew hard, and the rain poured down. The typhoon caused many trees to fall and blocked some roads. People stayed at home to keep safe. My family checked the windows and prepared food and water. From this experience, I learned that we should take natural disasters seriously and learn self-protection skills. It also taught me to stay calm and help each other in danger. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态以一般过去时和过去进行时为主； ③提示：完整覆盖“描述灾害、说明当时正在做的事、灾害影响与应对、学到的道理”四个要点，逻辑清晰。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开篇点明经历的自然灾害及时间，用过去进行时描述当时的活动； 第二步：描述灾害造成的影响及人们的应对措施； 第三步：总结从这次经历中学到的道理，升华主题。 [亮点词汇] ①pour down倾盆而下 ②block roads堵塞道路 ③self-protection skills自我保护技能 [高分句型] ① At 8 p.m. that day, I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV. (while引导时间状语从句) 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $