Unit 5 Nature’s Temper（重难词汇精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Nature’s Temper”自然灾害主题词汇，构建“基础-语境-语篇”三阶训练体系，实现词汇从识记到综合运用的渐进式掌握，培养语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（30+单词/8短语）|侧重单词拼写与短语识记，强化主题核心词汇积累|以自然灾害相关名词、动词、形容词为核心，构建基础词汇网络| |词汇语境练|单词变形（10题）、适当形式填空（15题）、完成句子（10题）|通过词性转换、语法填空、句子翻译考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用|从词形变化到语法应用，实现词汇从孤立记忆到语境化理解的过渡| |词汇语篇练|语法填空（2篇）、阅读理解（2篇）|在语篇中综合考查词汇理解与运用，结合语法规则与文本分析|以“自然灾害与安全”为主题语境，整合词汇、语法与阅读技能，提升综合语言运用能力|

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 脾气；怒气 n. 地震 n. 台风 n. 野火 n. 雪暴；暴风雪 n. 水灾；洪水 v. 泛滥；淹没 n. 久旱；旱灾 v. 警告；提醒注意 n. 波浪；挥手 v. 挥手；挥舞 n. 海啸 n. 采访；面试 v. 采访；面试 adv. 可能；或许 n.&v. 汇报；报道 n. 街区；邻近区域 n. 屋顶；顶部 adv. 几乎；将近 n. 苦恼；困难 v. 使苦恼；麻烦 n. 亲戚；亲属 n. 卡车 n. 供应；补给品 v. 供应；供给 n. 准备；预备 n. 电力；能量；力量 adv. 酣畅地；彻底地 adj. 厚的；浓密的 v. (beat, beaten) 敲；打 v. (hid, hidden) 躲藏；隐蔽 n. 龙卷风；旋风 adj.&adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） n. （学校）女生 n. 泡；泡沫 v. 拒绝；退却 n. 安全；保障 n. 卫兵 v. 保卫 adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近 v. 尖叫 adv. 幸亏；感激地 n. 知识；学问 n. 思考；想法 n.(pl.heroes) 英雄；偶像 n. 滑坡；塌方 v. 保护；捍卫 n. 安全设施 n. 洪水 n. 劳动力；人力 n. 心跳（声） n. 救援 v. 援救；营救 n. 热浪 prep./adv./conj. 自…… 以来 conj. 既然；由于 adj. 西南的；西南方的 n. 消防队员 n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做；义务做 短语 做家务 作准备 保安人员 除…… 之外 一…… 就…… 因此 给某人提供某物 警告某人某事 处于困境中 电力供应 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.prepare → _______(n. 准备工作) /_______(adj. 准备好的) 2.power → ___________(adj. 强大的；有力的) /_________(adv. 有力地) 3.thick → _______(adv. 厚厚地；浓密地) /_______(n. 厚度) 4.thank → ______(adj. 感激的) /______(adv. 幸亏；感激地) 5.know → ______(n. 知识；学问) /______(adj. 博学的) 6.think → __________(n. 思考；想法) /________(adj. 深思熟虑的) 7.secure → ________(n. 安全；保安) /________(adv. 安全地) 8.volunteer → ________(adj. 志愿的) /_________(n. 志愿服务) 9.near → __________(adj. 附近的) /__________(adv. 在附近) 10.relate → ________(n. 亲戚；亲属) /________(adj. 相关的) 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. You need enough time for __________ (prepare) before the natural disaster comes. 2. The __________ (power) wind broke many windows in the village last night. 3. The fog lay __________ (thick) over the whole lake after the snowstorm. 4. We were __________ (thank) for the firefighters’ quick rescue after the flood. 5. A man with rich __________ (know) about earthquakes saved many lives. 6. She is a __________ (think) girl who always cares about people in trouble. 7. People care about their personal __________ (secure) when a tornado hits. 8. Many students take part in __________ (volunteer) work during holidays. 9. The two __________ (relate) families live in the same neighbourhood. 10. The __________ (near) shop offered free supplies to homeless people. 11. At 8 o’clock last night, I __________ (scream) for help when the wall fell down. 12. When the tsunami arrived, they __________ (hide) themselves under strong tables. 13. While the rain poured heavily, the firefighters __________ (rescue) trapped villagers. 14. The __________ (thank) old man gave food to the security guard. 15. We learn __________ (relate) skills to protect ourselves from wildfires. 二、单词拼写 1. His __________ (脾气) gets bad when there is a heavy snowstorm. 2. A strong __________ (台风) will reach the coast tomorrow morning. 3. The __________ (野火) destroyed lots of trees on the mountain. 4. Heavy rain caused a terrible __________ (洪水) in this town. 5. Farmers suffer a lot during a long __________ (旱灾). 6. The signs __________ (警告) people to stay away from the sea. 7. Huge __________ (波浪) appeared before the tsunami arrived. 8. The reporter will do an __________ (采访) with the fireman. 9. This __________ (街区) was seriously damaged in the landslide. 10. Snow fell heavily on the house __________ (屋顶). 11. Many people fell into __________ (困境) after the heatwave. 12. My __________ (亲戚) sent us water supplies after the disaster. 13. A big __________ (卡车) carried food to the flooded area. 14. The city cut its __________ (电力) because of the tornado. 15. The little girl __________ (尖叫) when she saw big froth on water. 16. We all admire the brave __________ (英雄) in the rescue. 17. The __________ (滑坡) blocked all roads to the mountain village. 18. The doctor checked his fast __________ (心跳) after shock. 19. The __________ (热浪) made people stay indoors all day. 20. The __________ (消防队员) risked their lives to save kids. 三、完成句子 1. 灾难来临前，你应当提前做好各项准备。 You should ________________________ before disasters come. 2. 洪水来袭时，这名保安人员给村民提供大量救援物资。 The security guard ________________________ villagers when the flood came. 3. 除了几片屋顶之外，整栋房屋都被台风摧毁了。 ________________________ several roofs, the whole house was destroyed by the typhoon. 4. 他一收到危险预警就立刻带着家人撤离。 He left with his family right away ________________________ he got the warning. 5. 大量树木倒塌，因此镇上的道路被严重堵塞。 Lots of trees fell down. ________________________ the roads were blocked badly. 6. 父母常常警告我们远离危险水域，避免遭遇海啸。 Parents often ________________________ dangerous water to keep away from tsunami. 7. 如果你正处于巨大困境中，可以向附近的消防员求助。 If you ________________________, you can ask nearby firefighters for help. 8. 这座工厂拥有充足稳定的电力供应，足以应对极端天气。 This factory has enough ________________________ to fight extreme weather. 9. 周末我的弟弟会主动帮忙做家务，减轻妈妈的负担。 My brother helps ________________________ on weekends to reduce Mum’s work. 10. 龙卷风来临前，志愿者们全力守护当地群众安全。 Volunteers ________________________ local people before the tornado arrived. 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。 Natural disasters come in different forms, such as earthquakes, typhoons and wildfires. We must learn to protect 1 (us) when they happen. Usually, people run out 2 (quickly) than usual when the ground shakes. Of all students in our class, Li Ming 3 (act) most carefully in safety drills. The sudden flood makes many 4 (people) homeless every year. It’s necessary 5 (keep) calm first. Don’t stay outdoors when lightning 6 (come); it is much more dangerous than people think. 7 (luck), most villages get help from rescue teams after disasters. We practice escape skills as often 8 possible and try to prevent unnecessary hurt. The 9 (south) cities face more typhoons, so local people prepare emergency 10 (thing) much earlier. （25-26八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 How to Get Along with Nature’s Temper Nature is both a kind mother and a cold-blooded killer. To live in harmony (和谐) with nature, we need to learn how to get along with its 1 (change) tempers. This not only keeps us safe 2 also helps us enjoy the beauty of nature. Pay attention to the weather reports from different apps. Before going out, check them to know if there will be storms, heatwaves or cold winds. If the weather is bad, the 3 (report) will advise people to be careful. I learned this lesson last year. One afternoon, I 4 (walk) home from school when it started to rain heavily. I didn’t check the weather app that morning, so I soon got wet. Respect nature’s changes and never try to fight against them. When a storm comes, stay calm and find a safe place 5 (hide) instead of running in the rain. Do not cut down trees or pollute rivers, as these actions will make nature’s temper 6 (bad). Trees can help stop strong winds and prevent floods, while clean rivers keep nature balanced. Learn from nature’s lessons. Every change of nature 7 (have) a reason, and it teaches us to be humble (谦逊的) and brave. When we see plants standing firmly in a storm, we should learn 8 (they) courage. When we feel the gentle wind in spring, we should enjoy the beauty of nature. By following these 9 (suggest), we can get along well with nature’s temper and live a happy life with nature. Remember, nature is our friend, and we should always treat it with care. Nature makes us 10 (wonder). That is why it is wonderful. 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东湛江·期末）On May 18, 2026, a big earthquake hit Liuzhou, Guangxi. Many people felt afraid and some buildings were broken. It tells us that earthquakes are dangerous natural disasters around us. So it’s important for us to learn some basic knowledge about earthquakes. What is an earthquake? It is a sudden shake of the ground. It is a common natural disaster that may bring great danger to people’s lives. In fact, earthquakes happen very often, but most of them are small. ▲ How do earthquakes happen? The ground under our feet moves slowly all the time. When the big rocks underground move suddenly, they will give out lots of energy. The strong energy makes the ground shake strongly, and then an earthquake happens. What to do in earthquakes? We cannot stop earthquakes, but we can learn to save ourselves. When the earthquake comes, do not feel nervous and stay calm. If we stay inside a building, hide under a strong desk quickly. Cover our heads with our arms to protect ourselves from falling things. Keep away from windows and heavy things, because they may fall down. If we are outside, go to an open area. Stay away from buildings, trees and other tall things. Do not move until the ground stops shaking. We can help our friends when it is safe. It is very important for us to learn about earthquakes. If we stay calm and know how to protect ourselves, we can keep safe when earthquakes happen. 1．The big earthquake happened in ________ on May 18, 2026. A．Beijing B．Guangxi C．Shanghai D．Guangzhou 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．Strong earthquakes are never dangerous. B．Small earthquakes can break things easily. C．Only strong ones produce great power to break buildings. D．The smaller the earthquake is, the more dangerous it will be. 3．What does the underlined word “give out” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．stop B．send out C．put in D．look for 4．Which of the following is TRUE when an earthquake happens? A．We should hide under strong desks when staying inside. B．We should stand near windows when we stay indoors. C．We need to run into tall buildings when we are outside. D．We must move right away when the ground is still shaking. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Safety Inside Buildings B．Causes of Earthquakes C．A Big Earthquake D．Earthquakes and Safety （25-26八年级下·江西赣州·期末）Last week, a strong typhoon hit my city. I still clearly remember what everyone was busy doing when it arrived. At around 7: 00 p. m. , I was quietly doing my homework in my bedroom. Suddenly, fierce winds started to blow wildly, and heavy rain beat heavily against the windows, making loud noises. I felt a bit nervous and scared. At that moment, my mother was busy cooking a delicious dinner in the kitchen. My father was relaxing and watching TV in the living room. My cute little sister was soundly asleep in her own room. Unfortunately, the lights went out suddenly at 7: 30 p. m. Everything turned dark right away. My father quickly found and lit some candles. The whole family sat closely together and chatted happily. My mother comforted us and told us not to be afraid. Finally, the terrible typhoon died down at 9: 00 p. m. The next morning, the bright sun appeared again. We walked outside and noticed lots of fallen trees and broken windows everywhere. It was a really frightening experience, but it greatly brought our whole family closer. We supported each other and kept calm all the time. From this event, I learned that we must make full preparations for natural disasters and offer help to one another when facing difficulties. 1．What was the writer doing when the typhoon came? A．Watching TV B．Cooking dinner C．Doing homework D．Sleeping 2．What happened at half past seven in the evening? A．The rain stopped. B．The lights went out. C．The wind died down. D．The sun came out. 3．How did the family spend the dark time? A．They went out for a walk. B．They lit candles and talked together. C．They kept silent all the time. D．They went to sleep at once. 4．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The writer’s happy daily life. B．How the family spent the dark night. C．The damage caused by the typhoon. D．The bad weather and family activities at that time. 5．What can we know from the passage? A．The typhoon lasted for three hours. B．No damage was caused by the typhoon. C．The family felt upset all the time. D．The writer learned a meaningful lesson. $Unit 5 Nature’s Temper词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 temper n. 脾气；怒气 earthquake n. 地震 typhoon n. 台风 wildfire n. 野火 snowstorm n. 雪暴；暴风雪 flood n. 水灾；洪水 v. 泛滥；淹没 drought n. 久旱；旱灾 warn v. 警告；提醒注意 wave n. 波浪；挥手 v. 挥手；挥舞 tsunami n. 海啸 interview n. 采访；面试 v. 采访；面试 possibly adv. 可能；或许 report n.&v. 汇报；报道 neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近区域 roof n. 屋顶；顶部 nearly adv. 几乎；将近 trouble n. 苦恼；困难 v. 使苦恼；麻烦 relative n. 亲戚；亲属 truck n. 卡车 supply n. 供应；补给品 v. 供应；供给 preparation n. 准备；预备 power n. 电力；能量；力量 soundly adv. 酣畅地；彻底地 thick adj. 厚的；浓密的 beat v. (beat, beaten) 敲；打 hide v. (hid, hidden) 躲藏；隐蔽 tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 worst adj.&adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） schoolgirl n. （学校）女生 froth n. 泡；泡沫 refuse v. 拒绝；退却 security n. 安全；保障 guard n. 卫兵 v. 保卫 nearby adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近 scream v. 尖叫 thankfully adv. 幸亏；感激地 knowledge n. 知识；学问 thinking n. 思考；想法 hero n.(pl.heroes) 英雄；偶像 landslide n. 滑坡；塌方 safeguard v. 保护；捍卫 n. 安全设施 floodwater n. 洪水 manpower n. 劳动力；人力 heartbeat n. 心跳（声） rescue n. 救援 v. 援救；营救 heatwave n. 热浪 since prep./adv./conj. 自…… 以来 conj. 既然；由于 southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方的 firefighter n. 消防队员 volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做；义务做 短语 do chores 做家务 make preparations 作准备 security guard 保安人员 except for 除…… 之外 as soon as 一…… 就…… as a result 因此 supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 in trouble 处于困境中 power supply 电力供应 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.prepare → _______(n. 准备工作) /_______(adj. 准备好的) 2.power → ___________(adj. 强大的；有力的) /_________(adv. 有力地) 3.thick → _______(adv. 厚厚地；浓密地) /_______(n. 厚度) 4.thank → ______(adj. 感激的) /______(adv. 幸亏；感激地) 5.know → ______(n. 知识；学问) /______(adj. 博学的) 6.think → __________(n. 思考；想法) /________(adj. 深思熟虑的) 7.secure → ________(n. 安全；保安) /________(adv. 安全地) 8.volunteer → ________(adj. 志愿的) /_________(n. 志愿服务) 9.near → __________(adj. 附近的) /__________(adv. 在附近) 10.relate → ________(n. 亲戚；亲属) /________(adj. 相关的) 【答案】1.preparation; prepared 2.powerful; powerfully 3.thickly; thickness 4.thankful; thankfully 5.knowledge; knowledgeable 6.thought; thoughtful 7.security; securely 8.voluntary; volunteering 9.nearby; nearby 10.relative; related 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. You need enough time for __________ (prepare) before the natural disaster comes. 2. The __________ (power) wind broke many windows in the village last night. 3. The fog lay __________ (thick) over the whole lake after the snowstorm. 4. We were __________ (thank) for the firefighters’ quick rescue after the flood. 5. A man with rich __________ (know) about earthquakes saved many lives. 6. She is a __________ (think) girl who always cares about people in trouble. 7. People care about their personal __________ (secure) when a tornado hits. 8. Many students take part in __________ (volunteer) work during holidays. 9. The two __________ (relate) families live in the same neighbourhood. 10. The __________ (near) shop offered free supplies to homeless people. 11. At 8 o’clock last night, I __________ (scream) for help when the wall fell down. 12. When the tsunami arrived, they __________ (hide) themselves under strong tables. 13. While the rain poured heavily, the firefighters __________ (rescue) trapped villagers. 14. The __________ (thank) old man gave food to the security guard. 15. We learn __________ (relate) skills to protect ourselves from wildfires. 二、单词拼写 1. His __________ (脾气) gets bad when there is a heavy snowstorm. 2. A strong __________ (台风) will reach the coast tomorrow morning. 3. The __________ (野火) destroyed lots of trees on the mountain. 4. Heavy rain caused a terrible __________ (洪水) in this town. 5. Farmers suffer a lot during a long __________ (旱灾). 6. The signs __________ (警告) people to stay away from the sea. 7. Huge __________ (波浪) appeared before the tsunami arrived. 8. The reporter will do an __________ (采访) with the fireman. 9. This __________ (街区) was seriously damaged in the landslide. 10. Snow fell heavily on the house __________ (屋顶). 11. Many people fell into __________ (困境) after the heatwave. 12. My __________ (亲戚) sent us water supplies after the disaster. 13. A big __________ (卡车) carried food to the flooded area. 14. The city cut its __________ (电力) because of the tornado. 15. The little girl __________ (尖叫) when she saw big froth on water. 16. We all admire the brave __________ (英雄) in the rescue. 17. The __________ (滑坡) blocked all roads to the mountain village. 18. The doctor checked his fast __________ (心跳) after shock. 19. The __________ (热浪) made people stay indoors all day. 20. The __________ (消防队员) risked their lives to save kids. 三、完成句子 1. 灾难来临前，你应当提前做好各项准备。 You should ________________________ before disasters come. 2. 洪水来袭时，这名保安人员给村民提供大量救援物资。 The security guard ________________________ villagers when the flood came. 3. 除了几片屋顶之外，整栋房屋都被台风摧毁了。 ________________________ several roofs, the whole house was destroyed by the typhoon. 4. 他一收到危险预警就立刻带着家人撤离。 He left with his family right away ________________________ he got the warning. 5. 大量树木倒塌，因此镇上的道路被严重堵塞。 Lots of trees fell down. ________________________ the roads were blocked badly. 6. 父母常常警告我们远离危险水域，避免遭遇海啸。 Parents often ________________________ dangerous water to keep away from tsunami. 7. 如果你正处于巨大困境中，可以向附近的消防员求助。 If you ________________________, you can ask nearby firefighters for help. 8. 这座工厂拥有充足稳定的电力供应，足以应对极端天气。 This factory has enough ________________________ to fight extreme weather. 9. 周末我的弟弟会主动帮忙做家务，减轻妈妈的负担。 My brother helps ________________________ on weekends to reduce Mum’s work. 10. 龙卷风来临前，志愿者们全力守护当地群众安全。 Volunteers ________________________ local people before the tornado arrived. 一、词形填空答案： 1.preparations 2.powerful 3.thickly 4.thankful 5.knowledge 6.thoughtful 7.security 8.voluntary 9.related 10.nearby 11.was screaming 12.were hiding 13.were rescuing 14.thankful 15.relative 二、单词拼写答案： 1.temper 2.typhoon 3.wildfire 4.flood 5.drought 6.warn 7.waves 8.interview 9.neighbourhood 10.roofs 11.trouble 12.relatives 13.truck 14.power 15.screamed 16.heroes 17.landslide 18.heartbeat 19.heatwave 20.firefighters 三、完成句子答案： 1.make full preparations 2.supplied plenty of supplies to 3.Except for more than 4.as soon as the moment 5.As a result of this 6.warn us to keep off 7.are in big trouble 8.power supply support 9.do all kinds of chores 10.safeguard their personal security 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。 Natural disasters come in different forms, such as earthquakes, typhoons and wildfires. We must learn to protect 1 (us) when they happen. Usually, people run out 2 (quickly) than usual when the ground shakes. Of all students in our class, Li Ming 3 (act) most carefully in safety drills. The sudden flood makes many 4 (people) homeless every year. It’s necessary 5 (keep) calm first. Don’t stay outdoors when lightning 6 (come); it is much more dangerous than people think. 7 (luck), most villages get help from rescue teams after disasters. We practice escape skills as often 8 possible and try to prevent unnecessary hurt. The 9 (south) cities face more typhoons, so local people prepare emergency 10 (thing) much earlier. 【答案】 1．ourselves 2．more quickly 3．acts 4．people 5．to keep 6．comes 7．Luckily 8．as 9．southern 10．things 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震、台风、洪水等各类自然灾害，讲解灾害发生时的自我保护方法、避险常识，同时说明各地会提前做好应急准备，灾后也会有救援队提供支援。 1．句意：当自然灾害发生时，我们必须学会保护自己。括号提示词us是人称代词宾格，动作protect的执行者和承受者都是主语we，需用反身代词ourselves，表示“我们自己”。 2．句意：通常，地面震动时，人们会比平时跑得更快。空后有比较级标志词than，副词quickly需变为比较级more quickly，修饰动词run。 3．句意：在我们班所有学生中，李明在安全演练里表现得最谨慎。句子为一般现在时，主语Li Ming是第三人称单数，谓语动词act变为第三人称单数形式acts。 4．句意：突如其来的洪水每年让许多人无家可归。many后接可数名词复数，people本身是复数概念，无需变形。 5．句意：首先保持冷静是很有必要的。固定句型It’s+形容词+to do sth.，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，括号提示词keep变为to keep。 6．句意：打雷时不要待在户外，它比人们想象的危险得多。时间状语从句遵循主将从现，主句为祈使句表将来含义，从句主语lightning是第三人称单数，谓语动词come变为comes。 7．句意：幸运的是，大部分村庄在灾后都能得到救援队的帮助。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词；灾后得到救援是幸运的事情，括号提示词luck是名词，副词形式为luckily，句首首字母大写。 8．句意：我们尽可能多地练习逃生技能，尽力避免不必要的伤害。固定搭配as…as possible，意为“尽可能……”，故填as。 9．句意：南方城市遭遇更多台风，所以当地居民会更早准备应急物资。空后为名词cities，括号提示词south是名词，需变为形容词southern修饰名词，表示“南方的”。 10．句意：南方城市遭遇更多台风，所以当地居民会更早准备应急物资。空格前无冠词，此处表示多件应急物品，括号提示词thing是可数名词单数，变为复数things。 （25-26八年级下·山东菏泽·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 How to Get Along with Nature’s Temper Nature is both a kind mother and a cold-blooded killer. To live in harmony (和谐) with nature, we need to learn how to get along with its 1 (change) tempers. This not only keeps us safe 2 also helps us enjoy the beauty of nature. Pay attention to the weather reports from different apps. Before going out, check them to know if there will be storms, heatwaves or cold winds. If the weather is bad, the 3 (report) will advise people to be careful. I learned this lesson last year. One afternoon, I 4 (walk) home from school when it started to rain heavily. I didn’t check the weather app that morning, so I soon got wet. Respect nature’s changes and never try to fight against them. When a storm comes, stay calm and find a safe place 5 (hide) instead of running in the rain. Do not cut down trees or pollute rivers, as these actions will make nature’s temper 6 (bad). Trees can help stop strong winds and prevent floods, while clean rivers keep nature balanced. Learn from nature’s lessons. Every change of nature 7 (have) a reason, and it teaches us to be humble (谦逊的) and brave. When we see plants standing firmly in a storm, we should learn 8 (they) courage. When we feel the gentle wind in spring, we should enjoy the beauty of nature. By following these 9 (suggest), we can get along well with nature’s temper and live a happy life with nature. Remember, nature is our friend, and we should always treat it with care. Nature makes us 10 (wonder). That is why it is wonderful. 【答案】 1．changing 2．but 3．reports 4．was walking 5．to hide 6．worse 7．has 8．their 9．suggestions 10．wonder 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何与自然的多变脾气相处，包括关注天气预报、尊重自然变化、从中学习等建议，强调与自然和谐共处的重要性。 1．句意：我们需要学会如何与它变化多端的脾气相处。此处修饰名词tempers，需用形容词。change的现在分词形式changing可作形容词，意为“不断变化的”，符合语境。 2．句意：这不仅让我们保持安全，还帮助我们享受自然之美。固定搭配“not only…but also…”意为“不仅……而且……”。 3．句意：如果天气不好，报道会建议人们小心。提示词report，此处作主语，指天气预报报告，前文提到“weather reports”，故填复数形式reports。 4．句意：一天下午，我正在放学回家的路上，突然下起了大雨。根据“when it started to rain heavily”可知，主句应使用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+现在分词，主语是I，所以be动词用was，walk的现在分词为walking。 5．句意：保持冷静，找一个安全的地方躲起来，而不是在雨中奔跑。提示词hide意为“藏”，动词，此处需填不定式to hide作目的状语。 6．句意：这些行为会让自然的脾气更糟糕。“make sth.+形容词比较级”意为“使……更……”，bad的比较级为worse。 7．句意：自然的每一次变化都有一个原因。主语“Every change of nature”为单数，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时，动词have应变为第三人称单数形式has。 8．句意：我们应该学习它们的勇气。此处修饰名词courage，需填they的形容词性物主代词their，意为“它们的”。 9．句意：遵循这些建议。此处作宾语且前面有these，需用名词复数形式，suggest的名词为suggestion，其复数形式为suggestions。 10．句意：自然让我们感到惊奇。“make sb. do sth.”结构中，wonder作动词，意为“感到惊奇”，且后文“That is why it is wonderful.”中的wonderful也与wonder呼应。故填wonder。 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东湛江·期末）On May 18, 2026, a big earthquake hit Liuzhou, Guangxi. Many people felt afraid and some buildings were broken. It tells us that earthquakes are dangerous natural disasters around us. So it’s important for us to learn some basic knowledge about earthquakes. What is an earthquake? It is a sudden shake of the ground. It is a common natural disaster that may bring great danger to people’s lives. In fact, earthquakes happen very often, but most of them are small. ▲ How do earthquakes happen? The ground under our feet moves slowly all the time. When the big rocks underground move suddenly, they will give out lots of energy. The strong energy makes the ground shake strongly, and then an earthquake happens. What to do in earthquakes? We cannot stop earthquakes, but we can learn to save ourselves. When the earthquake comes, do not feel nervous and stay calm. If we stay inside a building, hide under a strong desk quickly. Cover our heads with our arms to protect ourselves from falling things. Keep away from windows and heavy things, because they may fall down. If we are outside, go to an open area. Stay away from buildings, trees and other tall things. Do not move until the ground stops shaking. We can help our friends when it is safe. It is very important for us to learn about earthquakes. If we stay calm and know how to protect ourselves, we can keep safe when earthquakes happen. 1．The big earthquake happened in ________ on May 18, 2026. A．Beijing B．Guangxi C．Shanghai D．Guangzhou 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．Strong earthquakes are never dangerous. B．Small earthquakes can break things easily. C．Only strong ones produce great power to break buildings. D．The smaller the earthquake is, the more dangerous it will be. 3．What does the underlined word “give out” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．stop B．send out C．put in D．look for 4．Which of the following is TRUE when an earthquake happens? A．We should hide under strong desks when staying inside. B．We should stand near windows when we stay indoors. C．We need to run into tall buildings when we are outside. D．We must move right away when the ground is still shaking. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Safety Inside Buildings B．Causes of Earthquakes C．A Big Earthquake D．Earthquakes and Safety 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要由广西柳州地震事例引入，依次介绍地震的定义、形成原理、地震发生时的自救避险方法，普及地震相关安全知识。 1．根据文章第一段中“On May 18, 2026, a big earthquake hit Liuzhou, Guangxi.（2026年5月18日，一场大地震袭击了广西柳州。）”可知，地震发生在广西。 2．根据第二段中“In fact, earthquakes happen very often, but most of them are small.（事实上，地震经常发生，但大多数都很小。）”结合语境逻辑，此处应转折说明小地震无害，只有大地震才危险。C选项“Only strong ones produce great power to break buildings.（只有强烈的地震才会产生巨大的力量摧毁建筑物。）”符合上下文逻辑及常识。 3．根据第三段中“When the big rocks underground move suddenly, they will give out lots of energy.（当地下巨大的岩石突然移动时，它们会发出大量能量。）”结合后文“The strong energy makes the ground shake strongly（强大的能量使地面剧烈震动）”，可知此处指岩石移动“释放”或“发出”能量。“send out”意为“发出”，与“give out”在此处意思相近。 4．根据第四段中“If we stay inside a building, hide under a strong desk quickly.（如果我们待在建筑物内，迅速躲在坚固的桌子下。）”可知A选项“We should hide under strong desks when staying inside.”正确。 5．文章第一段引出地震话题，第二段和第三段介绍了什么是地震及成因，第四段详细介绍了地震时的安全措施，最后一段总结学习地震知识的重要性。全文围绕地震及其安全防护展开。D选项“Earthquakes and Safety（地震与安全）”最能概括文章主旨。 （25-26八年级下·江西赣州·期末）Last week, a strong typhoon hit my city. I still clearly remember what everyone was busy doing when it arrived. At around 7: 00 p. m. , I was quietly doing my homework in my bedroom. Suddenly, fierce winds started to blow wildly, and heavy rain beat heavily against the windows, making loud noises. I felt a bit nervous and scared. At that moment, my mother was busy cooking a delicious dinner in the kitchen. My father was relaxing and watching TV in the living room. My cute little sister was soundly asleep in her own room. Unfortunately, the lights went out suddenly at 7: 30 p. m. Everything turned dark right away. My father quickly found and lit some candles. The whole family sat closely together and chatted happily. My mother comforted us and told us not to be afraid. Finally, the terrible typhoon died down at 9: 00 p. m. The next morning, the bright sun appeared again. We walked outside and noticed lots of fallen trees and broken windows everywhere. It was a really frightening experience, but it greatly brought our whole family closer. We supported each other and kept calm all the time. From this event, I learned that we must make full preparations for natural disasters and offer help to one another when facing difficulties. 1．What was the writer doing when the typhoon came? A．Watching TV B．Cooking dinner C．Doing homework D．Sleeping 2．What happened at half past seven in the evening? A．The rain stopped. B．The lights went out. C．The wind died down. D．The sun came out. 3．How did the family spend the dark time? A．They went out for a walk. B．They lit candles and talked together. C．They kept silent all the time. D．They went to sleep at once. 4．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The writer’s happy daily life. B．How the family spent the dark night. C．The damage caused by the typhoon. D．The bad weather and family activities at that time. 5．What can we know from the passage? A．The typhoon lasted for three hours. B．No damage was caused by the typhoon. C．The family felt upset all the time. D．The writer learned a meaningful lesson. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文记叙了台风来袭当晚作者一家人的经历，台风过后家园出现大量损毁，作者也从中收获了防灾与互助的感悟。 1．根据文章第二段“At around 7: 00 p. m. , I was quietly doing my homework in my bedroom.”可知，台风来临时作者正在卧室安静地做作业。 2．根据文章第三段第一句“Unfortunately, the lights went out suddenly at 7: 30 p. m.”可知，晚上七点半（half past seven）停电了。 3．根据文章第三段“My father quickly found and lit some candles. The whole family sat closely together and chatted happily.”可知，停电后父亲点了蜡烛，全家人坐在一起愉快地聊天。 4．第二段主要描述了台风来临时（around 7:00 p.m.）的恶劣天气（fierce winds, heavy rain）以及当时家庭成员各自的活动（作者做作业、妈妈做饭、爸爸看电视、妹妹睡觉）。选项 D“当时的恶劣天气和家庭成员活动”概括最准确。 5．根据文章最后一段“From this event, I learned that we must make full preparations for natural disasters and offer help to one another…”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了要为自然灾害做准备并互助的道理，这是一个有意义的教训。 $