Unit5语法(一般过去时态的被动语态)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年沪教版五四学制英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦Unit5 Buildings的一般过去时被动语态，通过复习回顾被动语态核心含义及一般现在时被动结构，自然过渡到新知，构建“旧知—新知”的学习支架，帮助学生理解过去被动的基本结构及时态特点。 资料以单元主题例句为载体，结合记忆口诀强化结构记忆，配套填空、选择、句型转换及汉译英等多样化练习，有效提升学生语言能力，培养分析主动被动转换的思维品质，助力学习能力发展，适合课堂教学与自主练习使用。

Unit5 Buildings语法讲解与练习 一般过去时被动语态详细讲解 一、复习回顾 1. 被动语态核心含义 主语是动作的承受者，不是执行者。 主动：人们建造这座大楼。（people 建造→主动） 被动：这座大楼被人们建造。（大楼承受建造动作→被动） 2. 一般现在时被动（对比记忆） am /is/are +过去分词 (done) 3. 一般过去时被动语态 描述过去某个时间，某物 “被……”；强调过去发生的被动动作。 ✅ 基本结构：was /were +及物动词过去分词 (done) 单数名词/he/she /it → was + done you /we/they/复数名词 → were + done 二、四种句式结构 1. 肯定句 主语+ was /were + done The old tower was built hundreds of years ago. 这座古塔数百年前建成。 2. 否定句 主语+ was /were + not + done（wasn’t / weren’t） The house wasn’t designed by a famous architect. 这栋房子不是由知名建筑师设计的。 3. 一般疑问句 Was / Were +主语+ done? Was the palace built in the Ming Dynasty? 这座宫殿建于明代吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词+ Was / Were +主语 + done? When was this bridge put up? 这座桥是什么时候修建的？ 三、by 短语用法 by +动作执行者（宾格），可置于句末； 有时不知道或执行者不必强调执行者，经常省略by短语。 The great building was completed by thousands of workers. 这座宏伟的建筑由成千上万工人完工。 四、主动语态 ↔ 被动语态转换步骤（必考） 1.主动句宾语移到句首，作被动句主语； 2.谓语改为 was/were + 过去分词； 3.主动主语放 by 后，可省略； 4.重点：根据新主语单复数确定 was /were！ 主动：Workers built the church in 1920. 被动：The church was built (by workers) in 1920. 五、重点规则 & 高频易错点 1.只有及物动词才有被动语态 happen, appear, arrive 等不及物动词无被动 ❌ The accident was happened last year. ✅ The accident happened last year. 区分一般过去时主动 vs 被动： 主动:They built the wall. 被动：The wall was built. 频度/时间副词位置 副词放在 was/were 和过去分词中间 The window was easily broken. 2.不规则变化过去分词见课本附表(必背) 六、单元主题例句汇总（Buildings） 1.This ancient temple was built in the Qing Dynasty. 这座古庙建于清代。 2.The tall walls were pulled down last year. 这些高墙去年被拆除了。 3.The hall was designed by a young engineer. 这个大厅由一名年轻工程师设计。 4.Many old houses were repaired after the storm. 暴风雨之后许多老房子得到修缮。 5.The stone bridge was put up over one hundred years ago. 这座石桥在一百多年前建成。 七、记忆口诀 过去被动很好记，was/were 加过去分词； 单数主语用 was，复数主语要用 were； 宾变主，主变宾，by 短语表执行者； 不及物动词无被动，时态主谓要统一。 【配套专项练习】 大题一：用动词正确形式填空 1.The stone house ________ (build) in 1930. 2.Those tall towers ________ (complete) five years ago. 3.The old gate ________ (not repair) last winter. 4.________ the bridge ________ (put up) in 1905? 5.All the windows ________ (break) in the heavy rain. 6.This palace ________ (design) by a famous artist. 7.The small huts ________ (pull down) last month. 8.The road beside the building ________ (widen) in 2022. 9.A lot of old photos ________ (take) inside the museum. 10.________ these walls ________ (make) of stones? 11.The wooden roof ________ (not protect) well in the past. 12.Many new flats ________ (set up) ten years ago. 13.The main hall ________ (decorate) for the big party yesterday. 14.The letters on the wall ________ (carve) hundreds of years ago. 15.The river near the town ________ (not clean) last year. 16.________ the ancient building ________ (save) by the government? 17.Two new lifts ________ (install) in this building last year. 18.The secret room ________ (discover) by workers in 2018. 19.All the old doors ________ (replace) with new ones. 20.The park near the community ________ (open) to people in 2010. 大题二：单项选择 1.The ancient city wall ______ in the 18th century. A. built B. builds C. was built D. were built 2.Many old houses ______ last year. A. pull down B. pulled down C. was pulled down D. were pulled down 3.This special tower ______ of wood and stones long ago. A. makes B. made C. was made D. were made 4.Those houses ______ often ______ by visitors years ago. A. were; visited B. was; visited C. are; visited D. is; visited 5.—______ the hall ______ in 1999? —Yes, it has a long history. A. Do; build B. Did; build C. Was; built D. Were; built 6.Lots of old buildings ______ during the war. A. destroy B. destroyed C. was destroyed D. were destroyed 7.This museum ______ as an important building in the city. A. regard B. regards C. was regarded D. were regarded 8.The new roads ______ near the flats last spring. A. build B. built C. was built D. were built 9.The strange story about the building ______ by everyone. A. knows B. knew C. was known D. were known 10.The windows of the old church ______ in the storm. A. break B. broke C. was broken D. were broken 11.A lot of paintings ______ inside the palace years ago. A. keep B. kept C. was kept D. were kept 12.The small house ______. Nobody lived in it later. A. abandon B. abandoned C. was abandoned D. were abandoned 13.The two bridges ______ at the same time in 1950. A. build B. built C. was built D. were built 14.This stone gate ______ more than 200 years ago. A. make B. made C. was made D. were made 15.The old rules ______ ______ by people after the new building appeared. A. not; change B. wasn’t; changed C. weren’t; changed D. didn’t; change 大题三：句型转换 1.Workers built the tall building in 2008.（改为被动） The tall building ________ ________ in 2008. 2.People pulled down the old huts last month.（被动） The old huts ________ ________ down last month. 3.They didn’t repair the ancient tower.（被动否定句） The ancient tower ________ ________. 4.Workers completed the bridge in 1995.（改为一般疑问句被动） ________ the bridge ________ in 1995? 5.An artist designed this beautiful hall.（被动） This beautiful hall ________ ________ by an artist. 6.People widely knew the old building story.（被动） The old building story ________ widely ________. 7.Did they set up the wall hundreds of years ago?（被动问句） ________ the wall ________ up hundreds of years ago? 8.They decorated the house with wooden furniture.（被动） The house ________ ________ with wooden furniture. 9.People seldom visited the small temple in the past.（被动） The small temple ________ seldom ________ by people in the past. 10.They replaced all the old windows.（被动） All the old windows ________ ________. 大题四：汉译英 1.这座古庙建于清朝。 __________________________________________________ 2.这些旧房屋上个月被拆除了。 __________________________________________________ 3.这个大厅由一名年轻设计师设计。 __________________________________________________ 4.石桥在一百多年前完工。 __________________________________________________ 5.暴风雨过后许多老房子得到修缮。 __________________________________________________ 6.墙上的文字数百年前被雕刻出来。 __________________________________________________ 7.所有旧门去年被换成新门。 __________________________________________________ 8.博物馆里拍摄了大量老照片。 __________________________________________________ 9.这间密室在 2018 年被工人们发现。 __________________________________________________ 10.这座高楼在 2008 年建成。 __________________________________________________ Keys 一、动词填空 1.was built 2. were completed 3. wasn’t repaired 4.Was; put up 5. were broken 6. was designed 7.were pulled down 8. was widened 9. were taken 10.Were; made 11. wasn’t protected 12. were set up 13.was decorated 14. were carved 15. wasn’t cleaned 16.Was; saved 17. were installed 18. was discovered 19.were replaced 20. was opened 二、单项选择 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.C 三、句型转换 1.was built 2.were pulled 3.wasn’t repaired 4.Was; completed 5.was designed 6.was; known 7.Was; set 8.was decorated 9.was; visited 10.were replaced 四、汉译英参考范文 1.This ancient temple was built in the Qing Dynasty. 2.These old houses were pulled down last month. 3.The hall was designed by a young designer. 4.The stone bridge was completed over one hundred years ago. 5.Many old houses were repaired after the storm. 6.The words on the wall were carved hundreds of years ago. 7.All the old doors were replaced last year. 8.Lots of old photos were taken inside the museum. 9.The secret room was discovered by workers in 2018. 10.The tall building was built in 2008. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $