Unit4语法(一般现在时态的被动语态)讲解与练习--2026-2027学年沪教版五四学制英语九年级上册

该初中英语讲义围绕Unit4 Folk customs主题，通过对比表格、步骤分解图和规则清单系统构建一般现在时被动语态知识体系，清晰呈现主动与被动语态概念对比、核心结构（肯定/否定/疑问句式）、转换步骤及易错点，突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“主题化分层练习”设计，如结合民俗主题的汉译英（“饺子在春节被人们食用”）和主动被动转换题，既强化语言能力又渗透文化意识。核心口诀帮助学生快速记忆，易错点提醒培养思维品质，不同题型满足分层需求，助力教师精准教学与学生自主复习。

Unit4 Folk customs语法讲解与练习 一般现在时被动语态详细讲解 一、主动语态vs被动语态基础概念 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 结构：主语（执行者）+ 谓语动词 + 宾语（承受者） People celebrate the Spring Festival. 人们庆祝春节。 （people是celebrate 动作发出者） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 我们想要突出承受者、不知道动作执行者、不需要强调执行者时，使用被动语态。 The Spring Festival is celebrated by people. 春节被人们庆祝。 （the Spring Festival 是动作承受对象） 二、一般现在时被动语态核心结构 ✅ 肯定式：am /is/are +及物动词过去分词 (done) I → am done 单数名词 /he/she /it → is done you /we/they /复数名词→ are done 句式细分 肯定句 主语+ am/is/are + done The paper-cut is made by local artists. 剪纸由当地艺人制作。 否定句 主语+ am/is/are + not + done Paper-cut is not made by machines. 剪纸不是机器制作的。 一般疑问句 Am/ Is /Are +主语+ done? Is the tea grown here? 茶叶是在这里种植的吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+ am/is/are +主语+ done? Where is this kind of kite made? 这种风筝产自哪里？ 三、重点：by 短语用法（可选） by +动作执行者，放在句子末尾。 需要点明谁做的：可以加上 by sb. 风俗类文章常不知道、不需要强调执行者：直接省略 by 短语（考试最常见） 例：Traditional cakes are eaten.（不加 by people，自然地道） ⚠️ 注意：by 后面人称用宾格 ✅ The toy is made by her. ❌ by she 四、主动语态 ↔ 被动语态转换步骤（必考） 步骤 1：把主动句宾语提到句首，作被动句主语； 步骤 2：谓语改成 am/is/are + 过去分词； 步骤 3：主动句主语放 by 后面，可省略； 步骤 4：注意主谓一致！ 主动：People hold the Dragon Boat Festival. 被动：The Dragon Boat Festival is held (by people). 五、关键规则与易错点 1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态 不及物动词（happen, appear, arrive, come, go 等）无被动 ❌ The festival is happened every year. ✅ The festival happens every year. 2. 主谓一致看被动句新主语（原主动句宾语） 主动：Many people make lanterns. 被动：Lanterns are made.（lanterns 复数→are） 3. 不规则过去分词变化 规则 1：一般情况，直接 + ed work → worked clean → cleaned help → helped visit → visited play → played 规则 2：以不发音字母 e 结尾，只加 d live → lived close → closed use → used invite → invited decide → decided 规则 3：辅音字母+ y结尾，变y为 i，再加ed study → studied carry → carried worry → worried hurry → hurried ⚠️ 特例：元音字母 (a/e/i/o/u)+y，直接加 ed play → played stay → stayed enjoy → enjoyed 规则 4：重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母+ ed stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped shop → shopped prefer → preferred refer → referred ⚠️不规则变化见课本附表 4. 易混提醒 ❌ Many customs are change every year. ✅ Many customs are changed every year. be 动词后面必须加过去分词，不能直接用动词原形。 5. 频度副词摆放位置 always /usually/often /seldom/never放在be和过去分词中间 Tea is often grown in the south. 六、单元主题例句汇总（Folk customs） 1.Dumplings are eaten during the Spring Festival. 春节期间人们吃饺子。 2.This kind of kite is made of bamboo and paper. 这种风筝由竹子和纸张制成。 3.Many old stories are told by the old men. 老人们讲述许多古老传说。 4.The dragon boat race is held every year. 龙舟比赛每年举办。 5.Paper-cutting is widely known in China. 剪纸在中国广为人知。 七、核心口诀 宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟； 谓语动词变被动，am/is/are 加过去分词； 不及物动词无被动，主谓一致别忘记。 【配套专项练习】 大题一：用动词正确形式填空 1.Many traditional snacks ________ (sell) in this old street. 2.The lantern ________ (make) of red paper. 3.Tea ________ (grow) in southern China. 4.These folk stories ________ (pass) down from generation to generation. 5.The festival ________ (not celebrate) in western countries. 6.________ paper-cutting ________ (love) by local people? 7.Rice dumplings ________ (eat) on Dragon Boat Festival. 8.This old custom ________ (know) by few young people now. 9.The shows ________ (hold) every Spring Festival. 10.Silver works of art ________ (produce) in this small town. 11.A lot of folk music ________ (play) during the celebration. 12.________ the game ________ (play) by children? 13.The old houses ________ (not protect) well. 14.Every year, new pictures ________ (draw) for the festival. 15.This kind of toy ________ (not make) by machines. 16.________ your local customs ________ (keep) now? 17.Different kinds of cakes ________ (serve) to guests. 18.The history of the custom ________ (record) in old books. 19.Folk dances ________ (watch) by thousands of visitors. 20.The tradition ________ (follow) by most families. 大题二：单项选择 1.The Dragon Boat Festival ______ every year. A. hold B. holds C. is held D. are held 2.Many beautiful lanterns ______ in the shop. A. sell B. are sold C. is sold D. sells 3.This special food ______ of rice and fruit. A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made 4.Folk tales ______ often ______ to children. A. are; told B. is; told C. are; tell D. is; tell 5.—______ the custom ______ in your city? —Yes, it is popular. A. Do; follow B. Does; follow C. Is; followed D. Are; followed 6.Lots of old traditions ______ these days. A. forget B. are forgotten C. is forgotten D. forgets 7.Paper-cutting ______ as a traditional art. A. regard B. regards C. is regarded D. are regarded 8.These small gifts ______ to visitors during festivals. A. give B. gives C. is given D. are given 9.The story ______ by many people. A. knows B. is known C. are known D. knew 10.Vegetables for the festival dishes ______ on the farm. A. grow B. grows C. is grown D. are grown 11.A lot of folk music ______ at the party. A. play B. plays C. is played D. are played 12.The old house ______. Visitors are not allowed to enter. A. repair B. repairs C. is repaired D. is being repair 13.—Do you know this game? —Yes. It ______ in many villages. A. play B. plays C. is played D. are played 14.Silver jewellery ______ for the Spring Festival. A. make B. makes C. is made D. are made 15.These customs ______ easily ______ by young people. A. not; change B. isn’t; changed C. aren’t; changed D. don’t; change 大题三：句型转换（主动↔被动改写） 1.People make rice dumplings every year.（改为被动语态） Rice dumplings ________ ________ every year. 2.Workers grow tea in the hills.（改为被动语态） Tea ________ ________ in the hills. 3.People don’t keep this old custom.（被动否定句） This old custom ________ ________. 4.They hold the show in winter.（改为被动一般疑问句） ________ the show ________ in winter? 5.Artists draw beautiful pictures for the festival.（被动） Beautiful pictures ________ ________ for the festival by artists. 6.People widely know the folk story.（被动） The folk story ________ widely ________. 7.Do people eat mooncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival?（被动问句） ________ mooncakes ________ at Mid-Autumn Festival? 8.Shops sell all kinds of traditional toys.（被动） All kinds of traditional toys ________ ________ in shops. 9.Young people seldom follow the tradition.（被动） The tradition ________ seldom ________ by young people. 10.They serve special dishes to guests.（被动） Special dishes ________ ________ to guests. 大题四：汉译英 1.饺子在春节被人们食用。 _____________________________________________________ 2.这种风筝由竹子和纸做成。 _____________________________________________________ 3.许多古老传说被代代相传。 _____________________________________________________ 4.龙舟比赛每年夏天举办。 _____________________________________________________ 5.剪纸在中国广为人知。 _____________________________________________________ 6.这些传统工艺品在小镇售卖。 _____________________________________________________ 7.很少年轻人了解这个习俗。 _____________________________________________________ 8.各种各样的小吃在老街出售。 _____________________________________________________ 9.这场民俗表演在每年正月举行。 _____________________________________________________ 10.节日的故事被老人讲给孩子们听。 _____________________________________________________ keys 一、动词填空 1.are sold 2. is made 3. is grown 4. are passed 5. isn’t celebrated 6.Is; loved 7. are eaten 8. is known 9. are held 10. are produced 11.is played 12. Is; played 13. aren’t protected 14. are drawn 15. isn’t made 16.Are; kept 17. are served 18. is recorded 19. are watched 20. is followed 二、单项选择 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.C 三、句型转换 1.are made 2.is grown 3.isn’t kept 4.Is; held 5.are drawn 6.is; known 7.Are; eaten 8.are sold 9.is; followed 10.are served 四、汉译英参考范文 1.Dumplings are eaten by people during the Spring Festival. 2.This kind of kite is made of bamboo and paper. 3.Many old folk stories are passed down from generation to generation. 4.The dragon boat race is held every summer. 5.Paper-cutting is widely known in China. 6.These traditional works of art are sold in the small town. 7.This custom is known by few young people. 8.All kinds of snacks are sold in the old street. 9.The folk show is held in the first lunar month every year. 10.The festival stories are told to children by the old people. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $