Unit4语法(一般现在时态的被动语态)讲解与练习--2026-2027学年沪教版五四学制英语九年级上册

Unit4 Folk customs语法讲解与练习

一般现在时被动语态详细讲解

一、主动语态vs被动语态基础概念

主动语态：主语是动作的执行者

结构：主语（执行者）+ 谓语动词 + 宾语（承受者）

People celebrate the Spring Festival. 人们庆祝春节。

（people是celebrate 动作发出者）

被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 我们想要突出承受者、不知道动作执行者、不需要强调执行者时，使用被动语态。

The Spring Festival is celebrated by people. 春节被人们庆祝。

（the Spring Festival 是动作承受对象）

二、一般现在时被动语态核心结构

✅ 肯定式：am /is/are +及物动词过去分词 (done)

I → am done

单数名词 /he/she /it → is done

you /we/they /复数名词→ are done

句式细分

肯定句 主语+ am/is/are + done

The paper-cut is made by local artists. 剪纸由当地艺人制作。

否定句 主语+ am/is/are + not + done

Paper-cut is not made by machines. 剪纸不是机器制作的。

一般疑问句 Am/ Is /Are +主语+ done?

Is the tea grown here? 茶叶是在这里种植的吗？

特殊疑问句 疑问词+ am/is/are +主语+ done?

Where is this kind of kite made? 这种风筝产自哪里？

三、重点：by 短语用法（可选）

by +动作执行者，放在句子末尾。

需要点明谁做的：可以加上 by sb.

风俗类文章常不知道、不需要强调执行者：直接省略 by 短语（考试最常见）

例：Traditional cakes are eaten.（不加 by people，自然地道）

⚠️ 注意：by 后面人称用宾格 ✅ The toy is made by her. ❌ by she

四、主动语态 ↔ 被动语态转换步骤（必考）

步骤 1：把主动句宾语提到句首，作被动句主语；

步骤 2：谓语改成 am/is/are + 过去分词；

步骤 3：主动句主语放 by 后面，可省略； 步骤 4：注意主谓一致！

主动：People hold the Dragon Boat Festival.

被动：The Dragon Boat Festival is held (by people).

五、关键规则与易错点

1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态

不及物动词（happen, appear, arrive, come, go 等）无被动

❌ The festival is happened every year.    ✅ The festival happens every year.

2. 主谓一致看被动句新主语（原主动句宾语）

主动：Many people make lanterns.

被动：Lanterns are made.（lanterns 复数→are）

3. 不规则过去分词变化

规则 1：一般情况，直接 + ed

work → worked  clean → cleaned help → helped  visit → visited play → played

规则 2：以不发音字母 e 结尾，只加 d

live → lived close → closed use → used invite → invited decide → decided

规则 3：辅音字母+ y结尾，变y为 i，再加ed

study → studied carry → carried worry → worried hurry → hurried

⚠️ 特例：元音字母 (a/e/i/o/u)+y，直接加 ed

play → played stay → stayed enjoy → enjoyed

规则 4：重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母+ ed

stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped shop → shopped prefer → preferred

refer → referred

⚠️不规则变化见课本附表

4. 易混提醒

❌ Many customs are change every year.

✅ Many customs are changed every year.

be 动词后面必须加过去分词，不能直接用动词原形。

5. 频度副词摆放位置

always /usually/often /seldom/never放在be和过去分词中间

Tea is often grown in the south.

六、单元主题例句汇总（Folk customs）

1.Dumplings are eaten during the Spring Festival. 春节期间人们吃饺子。

2.This kind of kite is made of bamboo and paper. 这种风筝由竹子和纸张制成。

3.Many old stories are told by the old men. 老人们讲述许多古老传说。

4.The dragon boat race is held every year. 龙舟比赛每年举办。