Unit 5 语法讲解及习题：一般过去时被动语态 2026-2027学年沪教版英语（五四学制）九年级上册

该初中英语导学案以“一般过去时被动语态”为核心，围绕概念区分、句式结构、主动被动转换等目标，通过语法详细讲解与专项习题（单选、填空、句型转换等）的课时递进设计，构建从基础认知到综合应用的完整学习路径。 亮点在于结合建筑主题案例（如故宫、埃菲尔铁塔）渗透文化意识，通过“主动被动转换四步法”和易错点解析（如无被动动词、感官动词用法）培养思维品质与语言能力。题型覆盖单句练习到短文填空，为学生单元复习提供分层支持，也为教师教学提供清晰的重难点指导。

沪教英语（五四学制）九上Unit5语法讲解及习题： 一般过去时被动语态 一、语法详细讲解 （一）概念区分 1. 主动语态：主语在过去主动发出动作，结构：主语 + 动词过去式 课本原句参考：Workers built the Palace Museum in the Ming Dynasty. 译：工人们在明代修建了故宫。（workers 主动执行 build 这个动作） 2. 一般过去时被动语态：主语是过往动作的承受者，动作无法由主语自主发出；本单元多用于介绍建筑的修建、损毁、改造、设计，弱化动作执行者，侧重客观历史事件。 核心公式： （二）四种基础句式 1. 肯定句 ・单数主语、不可数名词、单数代词： ・复数主语、复数代词： 例句： ① The buildings in the Palace Museum were designed to act like springs. 故宫的建筑被设计成具备弹性缓冲的构造。（复数主语，were designed） ② It was built in the Ming dynasty. 它修建于明朝。（单数主语，was built） ③The Eiffel Tower was finished in 1889. 埃菲尔铁塔于 1889 年竣工。 2. 否定句 结构：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 缩写形式：wasn’t = was not；weren’t = were not 例句：The old church wasn’t repaired after the terrible fire. 这座古老的教堂在大火过后没有得到修缮。 3. 一般疑问句 结构：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词？ 例句：Was this ancient tower built hundreds of years ago? 这座古塔是数百年前修建的吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词？ 例句：When were these traditional courtyards constructed? 这些传统院落是什么时候建成的？ （三）by 短语的使用规则 by + 动作执行者放置在句子末尾； 1. 需要点明动作主体时，保留 by 短语：Notre Dame de Paris was damaged by a big fire in 2019. 巴黎圣母院在 2019 年被一场大火损毁。 2. 执行者是泛指 people、we、workers，或是执行者无需重点说明时，直接省略 by 短语，课本绝大多数例句都会省略。 （四）动词过去分词变形分类 1. 规则变化 ① 一般动词直接加 - ed：design→designed ② 不发音字母 e 结尾，直接加 - d：create→created ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 - ed：occupy→occupied ④ 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅），双写末尾辅音再加 - ed：stop→stopped 2. 本单元必考不规则动词（教材高频词汇） build — built；burn — burnt/burned；make — made；break — broken；draw — drawn （五）主动语态转换为一般过去时被动语态四步法 1. 将原句宾语移至句首，充当被动句的主语； 2. 根据新主语的单复数，选用 was 或者 were； 3. 谓语动词改写为对应过去分词； 4. 原句主语放句尾，用 by 引出，可酌情省略。 示例 主动：People completed this grand palace in 1420. 被动：This grand palace was completed in 1420. （六）重难点易错考点（考试高频坑点） 1. 无被动语态的动词词组 happen, take place, occur 意为 “发生”，事件本身作为主语，不存在被动形式 错误：The fire was taken place in 2019. 正确：The fire took place in 2019. 感官动词 look, sound, feel, taste, smell，主动形式表达被动含义，不使用被动语态 错误：The wooden wall was felt smooth. 正确：The wooden wall feels smooth. 2. 双宾语结构的被动改写（give, build, send, offer） 主动：Workers built local villagers new houses in 1995. 改写 1：Local villagers were built new houses in 1995. 改写 2：New houses were built for local villagers in 1995. 3. 动词短语变被动，短语内部介词不可省略 主动：People took good care of the ancient pavilion. 被动：The ancient pavilion was taken good care of.（of 不能删掉） （七）时态判定标志词 出现以下时间状语，优先考虑一般过去时被动语态： in + 过去年份、hundreds of years ago、long ago、in the Ming/Qing dynasty、last century 二、专项练习题 题型一：单项选择题 1. The Palace Museum ________ during the Ming Dynasty. A. built B. were built C. was built D. is built 2. Lots of European churches ________ hundreds of years ago. A. construct B. was constructed C. are constructed D. were constructed 3. —When ________ these glass pyramids ________? —They were finished in 1989. A. was; designed B. did; design C. were; designed D. is; designed 4. That famous tower ________ not ________ after the heavy earthquake. A. did; rebuild B. were; rebuilt C. is; rebuilt D. was; rebuilt 5. Many old courtyard houses ________ as local museums in the last century. A. used B. was used C. were used D. are used 6. The fire ________ in 2019, so Notre Dame de Paris ________ badly damaged. A. took place; was B. was taken place; were C. took place; were D. happens; was 7. Why ________ those stone bridges ________ along this river in ancient times? A. did; make B. was; made C. are; made D. were; made 8. This special building ________ for the World Expo many years before. A. create B. created C. had created D. was created 9. A number of old city walls ________ away in the 1960s. A. pulled B. was pulled C. were pulled D. have pulled 10. The red colour ________ as an important symbol in ancient Chinese buildings. A. regarded B. were regarded C. was regarded D. regards 11. —Did workers finish this castle in 1520? —No, it ________ until 1560. A. didn’t finish B. weren’t finished C. hasn’t finished D. wasn’t finished 12. These beautiful paintings ________ on the inner walls of the temple long ago. A. drew B. was drawn C. were drawn D. draw 13. This kind of wooden structure ________ very smooth, it never ________ in stone buildings. A. feels; was used B. is felt; used C. feels; were used D. felt; is using 14. Several new halls ________ good care of after the ancient palace caught fire. A. took B. was taken C. were taken D. take 15. Who ________ this fantastic skyscraper ________ in 2008? A. did; design B. were; designed C. had; designed D. was; designed 16. Few traditional pavilions ________ in this modern town twenty years ago. A. built B. was built C. were built D. build 17. The ancient road ________ two small towns, and it ________ in the 18th century. A. connected; was built B. was connected; built C. connected; were built D. connects; has been built 题型二：用所给动词填写一般过去时主动 / 被动语态 备选单词：construct, use, burn, design, rebuild, draw, include 18. The main hall ________________ (design) by a famous ancient craftsman. 19. Simple mud houses ________________ (use) by common people long before modern buildings appeared. 20. Part of the old church ________________ (burn) in a big fire in 1762. 21. More materials ________________ (include) when people built taller buildings in the past. 22. Those stone towers ________________ (construct) along the mountain road hundreds of years ago. 23. Artists ________________ (draw) many pictures on the wall; these works ________________ (keep) well till now. 24. The old gate ________________ not ________________ (rebuild) after the war ended. 题型三：句型转换（主动语态改为一般过去时被动语态 ） 25. Workers built this grand theatre in 1952. 26. People used wood as main building materials in ancient China. 27. Did people repair this old bridge ten years ago? 28. They did not pull down the traditional courtyard last century. 题型四：句子改错（ 划出错误并写出正确形式） 29. The terrible fire was taken place inside the old church in 2019. 30. This ancient wooden house is tasted warm and comfortable. 31. A set of old buildings were build along the river during the Qing Dynasty. 题型五：短文填空 选用单词：make, protect，使用一般过去时被动语态 Many old Chinese gardens 32. ________________ with wood and stone in ancient times. High walls 33. ________________ to stop wind and protect these beautiful buildings. 三、参考答案与详细解析 （一）单项选择答案 1. 答案 C 解析：the Palace Museum 为单数名词，故宫只能被修建，in the Ming Dynasty 为过去时间，选用 was built。A 是主动语态；B 主谓单复数不匹配；D 为一般现在时被动，时态不符。句意：故宫建造于明朝。 2. 答案 D 解析：主语 churches 是复数，hundreds of years ago 判定过去时态，建筑物被修建，用 were constructed。A 原形、B 单数 be 动词、C 一般现在时均不符合题意。 3. 答案 C 解析：this glass pyramids 是复数主语，答句时态为一般过去时，被动疑问句将 were 提前，实义动词变为过去分词 designed。B 为主动语态；A 主谓不一致；D 时态错误。 4. 答案 D 解析：that famous tower 为单数，地震发生在过往，一般过去时被动否定形式 wasn’t rebuilt。B 主谓不匹配；A 主动语态；C 时态为一般现在时。 5. 答案 C 解析：courtyard houses 为复数，in the last century（上个世纪）为过去时间，院落被改造为博物馆，选用 were used。A 主动；B 单数 be 动词；D 现在时态。 6. 答案 A 解析：take place 无被动语态，直接使用过去式 took place；Notre Dame de Paris 单数，谓语搭配 was。B 存在被动误用；C 第二空主谓不一致；D 时态错误。 7. 答案 D 解析：stone bridges 是复数，in ancient times 代表古代，过去被动疑问句用 were，made 为 make 的过去分词。B 主谓不匹配；A 主动句式；C 时态为一般现在时。 8. 答案 D 解析：this building 作单数主语，建筑无法自主创造，many years before 指向过去，was created 为正确答案。A 动词原形；B 主动过去式；C 过去完成时，语境不适用。 9. 答案 C 解析：old city walls 为复数，in the 1960s 是过去时段，城墙被拆除，were pulled。A 主动语态；B 主谓不一致；D 现在完成主动语态。 10. 答案 C 解析：the red colour 属于不可数名词，讲述古代的习俗，用一般过去时被动 was regarded。B 主谓不匹配；A 主动语态；D 一般现在主动。 11. 答案 D 解析：it 指代单数 castle，not…until 表示 “直到…… 才”，城堡是被完工，时态为过去，选 wasn’t finished。B 主谓不一致；A 主动语态；C 现在完成时态。 12. 答案 C 解析：paintings 为复数，画作由人绘制，long ago 确定过去时态，were drawn。A 主动过去式；B 主谓不一致；D 动词原形。 13. 答案 A 解析：感官动词 feel 无被动，直接使用主动形式 feels；wooden structure 为单数，过去被动选用 was used。B 感官动词被动形式错误；C 第二空主谓不匹配；D 时态混用。 14. 答案 C 解析：halls 是复数，固定短语 take good care of 变被动时介词 of 不能省略，were taken good care of。A 主动过去式；B 主谓不一致；D 动词原形。 15. 答案 D 解析：skyscraper 为单数，时间 2008 属于过去，特殊疑问句式的过去被动语态，was 置于主语前。B 主谓不一致；A 主动语态；C 过去完成时不符合语境。 16. 答案 C 解析：pavilions 为复数，twenty years ago 为过去时间，亭子被修建，were built。A 主动语态；B 主谓不一致；D 动词原形。 17. 答案 A 解析：道路可以主动连接两座城镇，第一空用主动语态 connected；it 指代 road，道路被修建，选用 was built。B 语态颠倒；C 第二空主谓不匹配；D 后半段时态不符合 18 世纪这一时间。 （二）动词适当形式填空答案 18. was designed（单数主语，大殿被工匠设计，被动语态） 19. were used（复数泥屋，古时候被平民使用） 20. was burnt（教堂局部为单数，在大火中被烧毁） 21. were included（多种建筑材料，在过去被纳入选材范围） 22. were constructed（复数石塔，数百年前被修筑） 23. drew; were kept（artists 是人，可以主动作画；画作被妥善保存，使用被动） 24. was; rebuilt（单数 old gate，战后没有被重建） （三）句型转换参考答案 25. This grand theatre was built by workers in 1952. 解析：原宾语挪至句首作主语，theatre 单数搭配 was，build 变为过去分词 built，by workers 可以保留，也可直接省略。 26. Wood was used as main building materials in ancient China. 解析：wood 为不可数名词，被动语态 was used，泛指执行者 people 直接省略。 27. Was this old bridge repaired by people ten years ago? 解析：一般疑问句需要把 be 动词 was 放置句首，原宾语 bridge 充当被动句主语。 28. The traditional courtyard was not pulled down by them last century. 解析：单数主语，过去被动否定结构 was not pulled down。 （四）改错题答案 29. 错误：was taken place → 改正：took place 解析：take place 表示事件发生，没有被动语态，直接使用主动形式的过去式。 30. 错误：is tasted → 改正：tastes 解析：感官动词 taste 主动形式承载被动含义，不需要 be 动词构成被动。 31. 错误：were build → 改正：were built 解析：build 的过去分词为 built，被动语态必须使用动词过去分词。 （五）短文填空答案 32. were made（gardens 为复数，古代园林由木料、石材搭建，被动语态） 33. were made（高墙被建造起来用来挡风、保护这些精美的建筑，复数主语搭配 were） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $