Unit2语法(who;which;that限定性定语从句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年沪教版四五学制英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦Unit2 People and their jobs中who/which/that限定性定语从句，通过单元基础例句导入，联系学生已知简单句，解析“先行词+关系代词+从句”核心结构，搭建从简单修饰到复杂限定的学习支架，帮助理解定语从句定义及功能。 特色在于细分关系代词用法（人/物/万能that），系统讲解省略规则及that专属场景，结合易错点原理分析与避坑口诀，配套多样化练习及解析。能提升语言能力（准确运用语法）、思维品质（分析成分逻辑），培养自主学习能力，助力高效掌握定语从句。

Unit2 People and their jobs语法讲解与练习 who/which/that限定性定语从句详细讲解 一、定语从句基本概念 1.定义 在英语复合句中，句子分为主句和从句。用来修饰、限定主句中的名词/代词、作定语功能的从句，称为定语从句，通俗理解就是：用一个完整句子来修饰前面的名词，给名词加限定、加信息。 2.核心句式结构 完整核心公式：先行词+关系代词（who/which/that）+完整从句（缺主语/宾语） 先行词：被修饰的核心名词/代词，是整个从句的描述对象。 关系代词（who/which/that）：定语从句的“桥梁词”，承担两大核心作用： ① 连接主句和从句，让两个句子合并为一句； ② 在从句内部充当句子成分（主语或宾语），是从句不可缺少的成分。 从句特点：从句本身不完整，缺少主语或宾语，空缺的成分正好由关系代词填补。 3.单元基础例句 例句：The man who is a doctor is my uncle. 中文译文：那个从事医生职业的男人是我的叔叔。 逐句精细解析：主句为 The man is my uncle（这个男人是我的叔叔）， 句意宽泛；先行词为 the man（人）；who 指代 the man，在从句中作主语,引导从句 is a doctor，精准限定“是医生的那类男人”，区分于其他男人,让句意精准具体。 解析：先行词 the man（人），who 引导从句修饰男人，限定职业身份。 二、三大关系代词细分精讲 （一）who 引导定语从句（只指人） 核心详细用法：先行词为人（普通人、职业人群、身份人物）时，只能用who引导。who 在从句中有两种成分用法，成分决定是否可省略，是考试核心考点。 句式1：who作从句主语（绝对不可省略·高频考点） 语法详解：who 代替先行词，在从句中充当主语，后面直接接谓语动词。因为主语是句子核心成分，缺失句子不成立，因此who 作主语永远不能省略。 例句1：The workers who work hard get good rewards. 译文：努力工作的工人会获得不错的回报。 例句2：I respect teachers who teach us knowledge. 译文：我尊敬传授我们知识的老师。 句式2：who作从句宾语（可以省略·口语高频） 语法详解：who 代替先行词，在从句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语。宾语属于句子次要成分，省略后从句结构依然完整、句意不变，因此可省略。 例句：The reporter (who) we met yesterday is very professional. 译文：我们昨天遇见的那位记者非常专业。 （二）which 引导定语从句（只指物） 核心详细用法：先行词为一切事物、物品、职业工作、工具、事件等非人类名词时，只能用 which 引导。同理，which 在从句中可作主语或宾语，成分决定省略规则。 句式1：which 作从句主语（绝对不可省略） 语法详解：which 指代事物，在从句中充当主语，后接从句谓语动词，是句子必备成分，省略后从句残缺，句意不通，禁止省略。 例句1：This is the job which requires patience. 译文：这是一份需要耐心的工作。 例句2：The tools which are used by cooks are very special. 译文：厨师使用的这些工具很特别。 句式2：which 作从句宾语（可以省略） 语法详解：which 指代事物，在从句中作动词/介词宾语，无语法强制必要性，日常写作、口语中均可省略，是完形、填空常考题型。 例句1：The work (which) he does is meaningful. 译文：他做的这份工作很有意义。 （三）that 引导定语从句（既可指人、也可指物） 核心详细用法：that 是定语从句中的万能关系代词，兼容性最强，可完全替代 who（修饰人）、替代 which（修饰物），适配绝大多数限定性定语从句场景。 语法补充：that 同样遵循成分规则，作主语不省略、作宾语可省略，用法和 who/which 完全一致。 例句1（指人，替代 who）：The person that helps others is popular. 译文：乐于助人的人很受欢迎。 例句2（指物，替代 which）：This is the career that I dream of. 译文：这就是我梦寐以求的职业。 三、核心考点：关系代词省略完整规则 原理精讲：能否省略的核心依据——关系代词是否承担从句主干成分 1. who/which/that 在从句中作宾语 → 可以省略。从句已有完整主语+谓语，关系代词仅作补充宾语，省略不影响句子结构。 2. who/which/that 在从句中作主语 → 绝对不能省略。关系代词是从句的主语，是句子核心主干，省略后从句无主语，属于语法病句。 精细对比例句+逐句解析： ① The girl who is a nurse is my sister. （who作从句主语，指代the girl，后接谓语is，主干必备→不省略） ② The girl (who/that) we talked about is a nurse. （who/that作从句宾语，从句主语we、谓语talk完整→可省略） 四、that 的专属用法（高频重难点·考试易错） 中考硬性唯一规则：当下述特殊情况出现时，为避免句意混淆、保证语法规范，只能用that，禁止用who/which。 1. 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰（the best, the first, the most...） 例句：He is the best doctor that I know.（最高级the best修饰，禁用who） 解析：限定“我认识的最好的医生”，唯一性修饰只能用that 2. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词 例句：Everything that he does is careful.（不定代词everything，禁用which） 解析：不定代词无具体指代对象，统一用that修饰 3. 先行词同时包含「人+物」混合对象 例句：We talked about the teachers and jobs that we like. （既有people又有things，兼顾两类先行词，只能用that） 五、who/which/that 用法终极对照表 关系代词 指代对象 从句成分 能否省略 who 只指人 主语/宾语 主语不省，宾语可省 which 只指物 主语/宾语 主语不省，宾语可省 that 人/物均可 主语/宾语 主语不省，宾语可省 六、单元高频易错点精讲（带原理分析+避坑技巧） 易错点1：指代对象混用（最基础错误） ❌ 错误：I know the man which works in a hospital. ✅ 正确：I know the man who/that works in a hospital. 避坑原理：which 专属修饰物品，绝对不能修饰人，人物先行词统一用who/that ✅ 正确：I know the man who/that works in a hospital.（指人不用which） 易错点2：从句成分重复多余（最高频扣分点） ❌ 错误：This is the job that I like it. ✅ 正确：This is the job that I like. 避坑原理：关系代词that已经指代先行词the job，在从句中充当like的宾语，从句中再加it属于成分重复、语义累赘，必须删除多余代词 ✅ 正确：This is the job that I like. （从句关系代词指代先行词，必须去掉多余宾语it） 易错点3：从句主语重复堆砌 ❌ 错误：The person who he helps kids is kind. ✅ 正确：The person who helps kids is kind. 避坑原理：who已经替代the person充当从句主语，多余的he属于重复主语，破坏句子结构，必须删除 通用避坑口诀：关系代词代先行，从句不重复成分；作主不省作宾省，人物对应不乱用。 ✅ 正确：The person who helps kids is kind. （从句who已经作主语，删除多余he） 【配套练习】 第一大题：用正确的关系代词 who/which/ that填空 1. The doctor ________ works in this hospital is very patient. 2. This is the new job ________ I want to take in the future. 3. All the things ________ he does are helpful to his work. 4. The teacher ________ teaches us English has ten years of teaching experience. 5. The tools ________ workers use every day are very useful. 6. He is the most hardworking employee ________ I have ever met. 7. The reporter ________ we interviewed yesterday is young and professional. 8. This is the first career plan ________ I have made carefully. 9. People ________ keep working hard will finally achieve their dreams. 10. The work ________ requires teamwork is always meaningful. 11. Everything ________ the chef cooks tastes delicious. 12. The volunteers ________ help others are respected by everyone. 13. We talked about the people and jobs ________ we admire most. 14. The machine ________ cleans the street is widely used now. 15. The man ________ we met at the office is a famous engineer. 16. This is the best choice ________ we can make right now. 17. Students ________ take their study seriously will make progress. 18. The project ________ they are working on will be finished soon. 19. There is nothing ________ can stop a determined person. 20. The painter ________ works in the community is very creative. 第二大题：单项选择 1. The woman ________ is talking with our headmaster is a new teacher. A. which B. who C. what D. where 2. This is the job ________ I have dreamed of for a long time. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 3. He is the best worker ________ works in this factory. A. who B. which C. that D. what 4. All ________ he learned at school helps him with his future career. A. which B. that C. what D. who 5. The books ________ are about different jobs are very educational. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6. The person ________ we waited for just now is a police officer. A. which B. who/that C. what D. where 7. This is the first activity ________ we take part in this term. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 8. People ________ always help others are popular in the community. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 9. The hard work ________ he puts in makes him successful. A. that B. who C. whom D. where 10. We saw the doctors and things ________ we had never seen before. A. which B. who C. that D. what 11. The computer ________ he uses for work is very new. A. which/that B. who C. whom D. whose 12. There is nothing ________ is impossible if you try your best. A. which B. that C. who D. what 13. The young man ________ helps old people is my neighbor. A. which B. who C. what D. where 14. This is the most interesting job ________ I have ever done. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 15. The advice ________ the coach gave us is very useful. A. which/that B. who C. what D. whose 第三大题：将下列句子改写成定语从句 1. The girl is very active in after-school activities. She joined our study group last week. 2. The club activity is meaningful. It helps teenagers develop new skills. 3. The boy won the speech competition. He practices every day after school. 4. The book is useful for us. It tells us how to improve teenage life. 5. The teacher gave us valuable advice. She teaches us English. 6. The challenge is not easy. We face the challenge in our teenage life. 7. The student is confident. He never gives up when meeting difficulties. 8. The school trip is wonderful. We will take part in the trip next month. 9. The volunteer is warm-hearted. He helps many students in our school. 10. The habit is good for teenagers. The habit makes us more independent. 第四大题：汉译英 要求：每句必须使用 who/which/that 引导限定性定语从句，语句通顺、语法正确。 1. 那位帮助病人的医生非常善良。 ______________________________________________ 2. 这是一份需要耐心和细心的工作。 ______________________________________________ 3. 所有努力工作的人都值得被尊重。 ______________________________________________ 4. 我们昨天遇见的那位记者很专业。 ______________________________________________ 5. 这是我听过的最鼓舞人心的故事。 ______________________________________________ 6. 从事教育工作的老师都很伟大。 ______________________________________________ 7. 他正在做的这项工作很有意义。 ______________________________________________ 8. 我喜欢那些能够帮助他人的职业。 ______________________________________________ 9. 这是我第一次参与的职业体验活动。 ______________________________________________ 10. 任何有梦想的人都可以创造美好未来。 ______________________________________________ Keys 一、填空题答案+解析 1. who/that 【解析】先行词the doctor（人），从句缺主语，可用who/that 2. which/that 【解析】先行词the job（物），从句缺宾语，可用which/that 3. that 【解析】先行词被all修饰，只能用that 4. who/that 【解析】先行词the teacher（人），从句缺主语 5. which/that 【解析】先行词the tools（物），从句缺宾语 6. that 【解析】先行词被最高级the most修饰，只能用that 7. who/that 【解析】先行词the reporter（人），从句缺宾语 8. that 【解析】先行词被序数词the first修饰，只能用that 9. who/that 【解析】先行词people（人），从句缺主语 10. which/that 【解析】先行词the work（物），从句缺主语 11. that 【解析】先行词为不定代词everything，只能用that 12. who/that 【解析】先行词the volunteers（人），从句缺主语 13. that 【解析】先行词同时包含人+物，只能用that 14. which/that 【解析】先行词the machine（物），从句缺主语 15. who/that 【解析】先行词the man（人），从句缺宾语 16. that 【解析】先行词被最高级the best修饰，只能用that 17. who/that 【解析】先行词students（人），从句缺主语 18. which/that 【解析】先行词the project（物），从句缺宾语 19. that 【解析】先行词为不定代词nothing，只能用that 20. who/that 【解析】先行词the painter（人），从句缺主语 二、单项选择答案+解析 1. B 【解析】先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who 2. A 【解析】先行词是物job，用which 3. C 【解析】最高级修饰先行词，只能用that 4. B 【解析】all作先行词，只能用that 5. A 【解析】先行词是物books，从句缺主语，用which 6. B 【解析】先行词是人，从句缺宾语，可用who/that 7. A 【解析】序数词修饰先行词，只能用that 8. B 【解析】先行词是人people，从句缺主语，用who 9. A 【解析】先行词是物work，用that/which 10. C 【解析】先行词人+物并存，只能用that 11. A 【解析】先行词是物computer，可用which/that 12. B 【解析】不定代词nothing作先行词，只能用that 13. B 【解析】先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who 14. A 【解析】最高级修饰先行词，只能用that 15. A 【解析】先行词是物advice，可用which/that 第三大题 1. The girl who/that joined our study group last week is very active in after-school activities. 解析：先行词the girl（人），用who/that 2. The club activity which/that helps teenagers develop new skills is meaningful. 解析：先行词the club activity（物），用which/that 3. The boy who/that practices every day after school won the speech competition. 解析：先行词the boy（人），用who/that 4. The book which/that tells us how to improve teenage life is useful for us. 解析：先行词the book（物），用which/that 5. The teacher who/that teaches us English gave us valuable advice. 解析：先行词the teacher（人），用who/that 6. The challenge which/that we face in our teenage life is not easy. 解析：先行词the challenge（物），用which/that 7. The student who/that never gives up when meeting difficulties is confident. 解析：先行词the student（人），用who/that 8. The school trip which/that we will take part in next month is wonderful. 解析：先行词the school trip（物），用which/that 9. The volunteer who/that helps many students in our school is warm-hearted. 解析：先行词the volunteer（人），用who/that 10. The habit which/that makes us more independent is good for teenagers. 解析：先行词the habit（物），用which/that 四、汉译英参考范文（均含定语从句） 1.The doctor who/that helps sick people is very kind. 2.This is a job which/that requires patience and carefulness. 3.All the people who/that work hard deserve respect. 4.The reporter who/that we met yesterday is very professional. 5.This is the most inspiring story that I have ever heard. 6.The teachers who/that do the educational work are very great. 7.The work which/that he is doing is very meaningful. 8.I like the jobs which/that can help others. 9.This is the first career experience activity that I have taken part in. 10.Anyone who/that has a dream can create a bright future. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $