2026-2027学年人教版七年级上册语法解析及分层练习—名词（名词的数、所有格）

**基本信息** 以规则分类与易混点突破为核心，构建名词数与所有格的系统化训练体系，兼顾基础记忆与综合应用，提升语言理解与规范表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识梳理|6类规则变化+3类不规则变化+5个易混点|规则变化分情况列表归纳，不规则变化按特征分类，易混点对比辨析（如共同/各自拥有）|从概念（可数/不可数）到规则变化，再到特殊情况及所有格形式，形成“基础-特殊-应用”逻辑链| |基础巩固|4类题型（复数转换/适当形式填空等）|直接应用规则，强化单复数转换与所有格构成技巧|对应知识梳理模块，逐一夯实各规则的基础应用| |能力提升|5类综合题型（语法选择/阅读填表等）|结合语境判断名词形式，迁移规则解决复杂场景问题|从单一规则应用过渡到语篇中的综合运用，培养分析与解决问题的思维品质|

2026-2027学年人教版七年级上册语法解析及分层练习—名词（名词的数、所有格） 知识梳理 一、可数名词及其复数变化 A、规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加 -s book—books, map—maps 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾 加 -es bus—buses, box—boxes, dish—dishes, watch—watches 以辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -es baby—babies, city—cities 以元音字母 + y 结尾 加 -s boy—boys, day—days 以 f(e) 结尾 变 f(e) 为 v，再加 -es leaf—leaves, knife—knives 以 o 结尾 加 -es（英雄、土豆、西红柿等） hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes 以 o 结尾 加 -s（其余多数） zoo—zoos, photo—photos, radio—radios B、不规则变化 变化情况 例词 改变元音字母（a→e，oo→ee） man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth 单复数同形 sheep—sheep, deer—deer 其他特殊变化 mouse—mice, child—children 易混易错 1. "名词 + 名词" 构成的短语变复数，一般只变后一个名词：a book shop — two book shops；但前面的名词是 man / woman 时，两者都要变：a man teacher — two men teachers。 2. 数词 + 名词（+ 形容词）用连字符构成复合形容词时，名词必须用单数：a seven-year-old boy, a 100-meter race。 二、名词所有格 A、-'s 所有格 类别 构成 例子 单数名词 加 -'s Tom's book, my father's car 复数名词（以 s 结尾） 加 ' the teachers' office 复数名词（不以 s 结尾） 加 -'s children's toys, women's day B、of 所有格 无生命名词常用 of 结构：the door of the classroom, the name of the school C、易混易错 1. 表示时间、距离、价格等名词可用 -'s：ten minutes' walk, today's newspaper 2. 节日名称：Children's Day, Father's Day, Mother's Day, Teachers' Day 3. 共同拥有与各自拥有： • Tom and Jerry's room（共同拥有，只变最后一个名词） • Tom's and Jerry's rooms（各自拥有，每个名词都变） 基础巩固练习 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1. book ______________ 2. class ______________ 3. box ______________ 4. watch ______________ 5. baby ______________ 6. day ______________ 7. leaf ______________ 8. knife ______________ 9. zoo ______________ 10. photo ______________ 11. tomato ______________ 12. hero ______________ 13. man ______________ 14. woman ______________ 15. child ______________ 16. foot ______________ 17. tooth ______________ 18. mouse ______________ 19. sheep ______________ 20. fish ______________（鱼的条数） ______________（鱼的种类） 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空 1. Look! There are three ______________ (book) on the teacher's desk. 2. My mother bought two lovely ______________ (watch) for my sister and me. 3. The little ______________ (baby) are sleeping in the bed. 4. How many ______________ (city) are there in your province? 5. We need two ______________ (knife) to cut the bread. 6. The green ______________ (leaf) on the tree look beautiful. 7. Those ______________ (man) are playing basketball in the playground. 8. After the long walk, my ______________ (foot) hurt a lot. 9. The ______________ (child) are having a music class now. 10. There are many ______________ (sheep) on the farm. 11. I saw two ______________ (mouse) in the kitchen yesterday. 12. These red ______________ (tomato) are from my grandpa's garden. 13. The ______________ (photo) on the wall are of my family. 14. We have four ______________ (class) in the morning. 15. Brush your ______________ (tooth) twice a day. 三、翻译下列短语 1. 10分钟的步行 ______________ 2. 父亲节 ______________ 3. 儿童节 ______________ 4. 在 Tom 的家 ______________ 5. Lucy 和 Lily 共同的房间 _________ 6. Tom 和 Jerry 各自的房间 ____________ 7. 一张中国地图 ______________ 8. 老师的办公室 ______________ 9. 学生的书本 ______________ 10. 医院的医生 ______________ 11. 学校的图书馆 ______________ 12. 我妹妹的自行车 ______________ 三、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 student　subject　class　teacher　lesson 1. English is my favourite ______________ because it's interesting. 2. We have four ______________ in the morning and three in the afternoon. 3. The ______________ in our school are very kind and helpful. 4. Li Ming is a good ______________. He always finishes homework on time. 5. Today we have a new ______________ about animals. 四、填空题 1. There are many tall ______________ (tree) in our school. 2. My father is a ______________ (work) in a big factory. 3. Beijing is one of the biggest ______________ (city) in China. 4. She is one of the best ______________ (student) in Class 3. 5. On ______________ (child) Day, we get many nice gifts. 6. Our school has different ______________ (club) for students. 7. There is no ______________ (fish) in the dirty river now. 8. Can you tell me the ______________ (mean) of this new word? 9. Look! The ______________ (boy) are playing football on the playground. 10. I visited my ______________ (grandparent) home in the countryside last Sunday. 能力提升练习 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 One day, a hungry dog found a big piece of 1_____. He was very happy. He took it in his 2_____ and walked home. On his way, he came to a 3_____. There was water in it. He looked down and saw another dog in the water. That dog had a 4_____ piece of meat. "I want that meat, too," the dog thought. He opened his mouth to 5 _____at the dog in the water. But when he opened his mouth, his meat fell 6 _____the river. The dog was sad. He went home with 7 _____meat. His mother saw him and said, "Don't be greedy (贪婪的). Be 8_____ with what you have." The dog 9_____ to his mother. He learned a 10_____ lesson. 1. A．meat　　B．meats　　C．meet 2. A．mouth　B．mouths　 C．mouth's 3. A．river　 B．rivers　 C．river's 4. A．big　　B．bigger　 C．biggest 5. A．bark　　B．barks　　C．barked 6. A．into　　B．in　　　C．on 7. A．no　　 B．not　　 C．none 8. A．happy　B．happily　C．happiness 9. A．listen　B．listens　C．listened 10. A．good　B．well　　C．best 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Hello, I'm Li Hua. I am a 1_____ (student) in Grade 7. I have a busy but happy school 2_____ (life). Every day, I go to 3_____ (school) at 7:30. I have four 4_____ (class) in the morning and three in the afternoon. My favourite 5_____ (subject) is maths. Our maths 6_____ (teacher) is very kind. After school, I play 7_____ (sport) with my 8_____ (friend). We like playing football. In the evening, I do my 9_____ (homework) and read some 10_____ (book). On weekends, I visit my 11_____ (grandparent). They live in a small 12_____ (city). I help them clean the 13_____ (room) and water the 14_____ (flower). I enjoy my 15_____ (day) very much. 三、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，根据内容选择最佳答案。 How to Keep Healthy We all know health is important. But do you know how to keep healthy? Here are some tips. First, eat a good breakfast every morning. Breakfast gives you energy for the day. You can eat eggs, bread, milk and fruit. Don't go to school without breakfast. Second, drink enough water. Water is good for your body. You should drink about eight glasses of water a day. Third, do exercise every day. You can run, swim or play ball games. Exercise makes you strong. Fourth, get enough sleep. Students need about eight to nine hours of sleep every night. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. If you do these things, you will be healthy and happy. 1. Which is NOT mentioned as a breakfast food? A．Eggs.　　B．Bread.　　C．Rice.　　D．Milk. 2. How much water should we drink a day? A．About 5 glasses.　B．About 8 glasses.　C．About 10 glasses.　D．About 3 glasses. 3. What does the writer think of exercise? A．It makes us tired.　B．It makes us strong.　C．It makes us sleepy.　D．It makes us hungry. 4. Where can we read this passage? A．In a story book.　B．In a health magazine.　C．In a sports news.　D．In a travel guide. 四、阅读回答问题 阅读短文，根据要求填空或作答。 My name is Wang Lei. I am a student in No. 1 Middle School. I have a lot of friends at school. We like different clubs. (Liu Mei)　I like drawing. I am in the art club. I go there every Tuesday afternoon. I draw pictures of my family and school. (Zhang Tao)　I love sports. I am in the basketball club. We play basketball every Monday and Thursday. We have a match with Class 2 next week. To have a good school life, we should study hard. We must finish our homework on time. Secondly, we should join a club. Clubs help us learn new things and make friends. Thirdly, we should help each other. When a friend is in trouble, we give a hand. At last, we should keep our school clean. Don't throw rubbish everywhere. Ways to have a good school life ① Study hard and finish homework on time. ② ▲ ③ Help each other. ④ Keep the school clean. 1. What does Liu Mei like doing? ______________（不超过 5 词） 2. In the passage, the underlined word "We" refers to "______________".（不超过 5 词） 3. Please complete the ▲ in the chart. ______________（不超过 5 词） 4. Please give another way for Zhang Tao to keep fit. ______________（不超过 15 词） 5. Do you have a good school life? What do you usually do to keep healthy? ______________（不超过 20 词） 五、阅读填表 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容和任务描述，做简单的笔记，每空不超过 3 个词。 Giant pandas live in China. They are very cute and important. The panda is one of China's symbols. They are black and white. People all over the world love them. Pandas are very lovely animals. They like eating bamboo. They can climb trees and swim. They are also very shy. Baby pandas are very small when they are born. But later, pandas were in great danger. People cut down many bamboo forests, so pandas lost their homes. Some people also hunted them. As a result, the number of pandas became very small. Luckily, people in China have realized the problem. They begin to save the pandas. They build nature reserves. They plant more bamboo. There is also a law to protect them. Now the number of pandas is growing. Giant Pandas in China Giant Pandas in China They are very important. • one of China's symbols • 1​ ____________ and white animals They are 2​ ____________. • like eating bamboo • can climb trees and 3​ ____________ • are shy They were in great danger. • people cut down bamboo 4​ ____________ • some people hunted them • the number became small How to save them • build nature reserves • plant more bamboo • 5​ ____________ to protect them 参考答案 基础巩固练习 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1. books　2. classes　3. boxes　4. watches　5. babies　6. days　7. leaves　8. knives　9. zoos　10. photos　11. tomatoes　12. heroes　13. men　14. women　15. children　16. feet　17. teeth　18. mice　19. sheep　20. fish（鱼的条数）；fishes（鱼的种类） 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空 1. books　2. watches　3. babies　4. cities　5. knives　6. leaves　7. men　8. feet　9. children　10. sheep　11. mice　12. tomatoes　13. photos　14. classes　15. teeth 三、翻译下列短语 1. ten minutes' walk　2. Father's Day　3. Children's Day　4. at Tom's (home) / at Tom's house　5. Lucy and Lily's room　6. Tom's and Jerry's rooms　7. a map of China　8. the teachers' office　9. the students' books　10. the doctors of the hospital / the hospital's doctors　11. the school library / the library of the school　12. my sister's bike / my sister's bicycle 四、用方框填空 1. subject　2. classes　3. teachers　4. student　5. lesson 五、填空题 1. trees　2. worker　3. cities　4. students　5. Children's　6. clubs　7. fish　8. meaning　9. boys　10. grandparents' 能力提升练习 一、语法选择 1. A（meat 为不可数名词）　2. A（单数名词）　3. A（a river 单数）　4. B（比较级 bigger）　5. A（to bark 动词原形）　6. A（fall into 落入）　7. A（no meat 没有肉）　8. A（be happy 开心）　9. C（listened 过去式）　10. A（a good lesson 好教训） 二、语法填空 1. student　2. life　3. school（go to school 固定搭配）　4. classes　5. subject　6. teacher　7. sports（play sports）　8. friends　9. homework（不可数）　10. books　11. grandparents　12. city　13. rooms　14. flowers　15. days 三、阅读理解 1. C（文中未提及 Rice）　2. B（about eight glasses）　3. B（makes you strong）　4. B（健康杂志） 四、阅读回答问题 1. She likes drawing. / Drawing pictures. 2. Wang Lei and his friends. 3. Join a club. 4. He can run or swim after school every day. 5. Yes. I study hard and play sports with my friends.（答案开放，符合词数即可） 五、阅读填表 1. black　2. lovely / cute　3. swim　4. forests　5. make a law / have a law 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $