Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元复习检测-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 以“逆境与勇气”主题为统领，整合词汇、语法、阅读专项训练，构建“主题-词汇-语法-语篇”一体化知识逻辑，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词默写|52词（阅读15+写作22+拓展15）|分类默写+词形转换|核心词汇派生（如qualify→qualified→qualification）与主题关联| |单元语法填空|1篇短文10空|语境语法应用|单元词汇（如abandon、commitment）与语法点（时态、非谓语、虚拟语气）融合| |配套小练习|2篇阅读（8题）+1篇语法填空（10空）|主题语篇理解+语法综合运用|“逆境与勇气”主题下语言能力（词义猜测、细节理解）与思维品质（推理判断）协同发展|

2026-2027高中英语 选择性必修三 Unit 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 单元复习整理 1． 单词默写 【阅读词汇】 1.adversity n. 　　　　　  2.expedition n. 　　　　　  3.endurance n. 　　　　　  4.vigour (NAmE vigor) n. 　　　　　  5.steward n. 　　　　　  6.crush vt. 　　　　　　n. 　　　　　　  7.stove n. 　　　　　  8.voyage n. & vi. 　　　　　  9.navy n. 　　　　　  10.crew n. 　　　　　　　　　　　  11.rugby n. 　　　　　  12.corporate adj. 　　　　　  13.navigator n. 　　　　　  14.episode n. 　　　　　　　　　　　  15.Confucianism n. 　　　　　  【写作词汇】 16.　　　　　　 n.工资  17.　　　　　　 adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的  18.　　　　　　 adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)  19.　　　　　　 n.橱柜;壁橱;衣柜  20.　　　　　　 vi. (　or 　　　　,  　　　　)沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没  21.　　　　　　 vt.舍弃;放弃;抛弃  22.　　　　　　 n. 毯子 vt.以厚层覆盖  23.　　　　　　 adj.痛苦的;令人难受的  24.　　　　　　 adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的  25.　　　　　　 (NAmE cozy)adj.温馨的;舒适的  26.　　　　　　 adj.脾气好的/坏的  27.　　　　　　 adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的  28.　　　　　　 adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的  29.　　　　　　 n. 家具  30.　　　　　　 vi. & n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫声  31.　　　　　　 n. 球拍;蝙蝠 vi. & vt. 用球板击球;挥打;拍打  32.　　　　　　 adj.潮湿的;湿气重的  33.　　　　　　 n. 娱乐;消遣;游戏  34.　　　　　　 n. 侄子;外甥  35.　　　　　　 adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的  36.　　　　　　 n. 发动机;马达 adj. 有引擎的;机动车的  37.　　　　　　 n. 候选人;应试者  【拓展词汇】 38.qualify v.(使)合格;(使)具有资格→　　　　　 adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→　　　　　　 n.资格;资历  39.　　　　　　 n.热情;热心→　　　　　　 adj.热情的;热心的→　　　　　　 adv.热情地  40.　　　　　 vt.分派;布置;分配→　　　　　 n.分派;布置;分配  41.　　　　　 n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌→　　　　　 adj.嫉妒的  42.belongings n. [pl.]财物;动产→　　　　　 vi.属于;应在(某处)  43.　　　　　　 adj.自私的→　　　　　　 n.自私→　　　　　　 adj.无私的→selflessness n. 无私,忘我  44.　　　　　　 vi.坚持;孜孜以求→　　　　　　 n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神  45.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→　　　　　　 n.决议;解决;坚定  46.　　　　　　 adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→　　　　　　 n.残忍;残酷  47.　　　　　　 adv.幸运地→fortune n.[U]机会;运气;[C]大笔的钱→　　　　　　 adj.幸运的→　　　　　　 adj.不幸的→　　　　　　 adv.不幸地;遗憾地  48.　　　　　　 vt.指导 n.向导;指南→　　　　　　 n.指导;引导;导航  49.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.公布;宣传;做广告→　　　　　　 n.广告商→　　　　　　 n.广告→　　　　　　 n.广告活动;广告业  50.loyal adj.忠诚的;忠实的→　　　　　　 n.忠诚;忠实  51.　　　　　 n.承诺;保证;奉献→　　　　　 v.犯罪;承诺;忠于→　　　　　　 adj. 坚定的  52.　　　　　　 n.动机;原因;目的→motivate vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励→　　　　　　 n.积极性;动力  二．单元语法填空 　　In the early 20th century, voyages to the Antarctic were dangerous. Many explorers died from the cruel weather and rough seas. The crew was paid low wages. However, many 1.　　　　　(candidate) still applied for the job with a resolution to experience a great adventure.   Perce was one of them. As a 19-year-old boy full of vigour, he was so 2.　　　　　 (enthusiasm) about adventure that he resolved to join an expedition led by a navigator named Ernest when he saw his advertisement for hands. However, his application was turned 3.　,  for he was considered too young to be qualified. He secretly went aboard the ship, the Endurance, 4.　　　　　(hide) in a cupboard. After being discovered by the good-tempered captain, he 5.　　　　　 (assign) to be a steward.  Unfortunately, the ship was soon crushed and 6.　　　　　 (sink) into the sea. The captain ordered that the ship and their belongings 7.　　　　　　　 (abandon) thoroughly except the most essential supplies. They were finally trapped on a lonely island.   Life was miserable. They only had blankets against the damp and bitter cold wind and there were no shelters or furniture. With a strong motive to survive, they burnt animal fat to make fire over the stove, even though it gave 8.  black smoke. While they were missing their cosy homes and decent food, Perce played the banjo as his only recreation to keep their spirits up. The captain, showing genuine concern for the crew, made a 9.　　　　　　　(commit) to save them from death.   Through their perseverance and team spirit, they survived in the cold for four months before being rescued by the navy. Adversity made Perce a 10.　　　　　 (commit) and loyal man. He considered this episode of life unforgettable and valuable. 三．配套小练习 　 Ⅰ 阅读理解 A Melissa Sevigny, a science journalist for Arizona Public Radio, recounts the details of the 1938 river journey of Elzada Clover and Lois Jotter, who, along with their guide, Norm Nevills, and a few other crew members, travelled down the Colorado River with the goal of cataloguing (登记) undiscovered plants in the area. The Colorado River was known as the most dangerous river in the world. But for Clover and Jotter, it held a great appeal: no one had surveyed the Grand Canyon’s plants, and they were determined to be the first. As women scientists, Clover and Jotter faced scrutiny (监督) even before their trip began. They started in Green River, Utah, and then travelled through Cataract Canyon, Glen Canyon, and the Grand Canyon before ending at Lake Mead. For Clover, the trip fit perfectly with her dream of cataloguing all the southwest’s cacti (a kind of plant), but, more than that, it was a chance to make her mark on the field of botany. As they made their way down the river, they continued to face challenges, including navigating intense rapids, losing one of their three boats, and dealing with aggressive reporters and inaccurate and imaginary news reports. When Clover and Jotter finally reached the entrance of the Grand Canyon, they felt apprehensive, but they decided they had no choice now but to brave the wild river. Drawing information from the crew’s letters and journals, Sevigny brings us directly into the boats and introduces us to many of the plants that Clover and Jotter surveyed and collected. The author also includes a map of the route and photographic images of the crew at different points along the way. Woven (编织) throughout the narrative of Clover and Jotter is the early history of travel on the Colorado River as well as how indigenous peoples, Europeans, and the Park Service have shaped the ecology of the river over time. As the author notes, women in science still face challenges and barriers; Sevigny hopes that recalling the past will lead to a fairer future. (　)1.What motivated Clover and Jotter to make the journey? A.The native cultures. B.The plants of the Grand Canyon. C.The scenery along the river. D.The southwest’s cactus species. (　)2.What does the underlined word “apprehensive” mean in Paragraph 2? A.Relieved. 　　　　B.Guilty. C.Anxious. D.Pleased. (　)3.What can we learn about Clover and Jotter’s adventure? A.They were aided by reporters all the way. B.They ended their journey with losing three boats. C.They pioneered in surveying the Colorado River. D.They took many precious photos alongside the trip. (　)4.What is the text? A.A diary entry. B.A book review. C.A news report. D.A travel journal. B Tom Robinson, 24, was attempting to become the youngest person to row solo across the Pacific Ocean when his self-built rowboat Maiwar overturned in the South Pacific last week. He was less than 2,000 km from his hometown Brisbane after leaving Lima, Peru last year. Mr Robinson activated an emergency beacon (示位标) and was rescued by a passing cruise ship (游轮). “You wonder what’s going to happen next and that is a really tough thought,” Mr Robinson said. “But you have to push the thought away and stay positive.” Holding his family members for the first time in 18 months stirred (激发) emotions in the young rower, and gave him a new appreciation for his hometown. “It’s really good to finally step through those doors, and be back in Brisbane. It’s home. I never missed it before, but I really did,” he said. To end his 18 months at sea on such a crazy note was strange, but Mr Robinson had many stories to tell. “It was the most remarkable adventure and it was more everything than I could have ever imagined.” Mr Robinson had one apology before he left for home with his family. “I would like to apologize to the passengers on board whose holiday I did interrupt. The people on the cruise ship were kind-hearted and I can’t thank them enough for all they did,” he said. Mother Veronica Horgan said Thursday night had been very stressful as they waited anxiously. “But when we got the phone call on Friday, we heard his voice and he was saved and well. We were just so elated,” she said. “I never expected to have an adventurous son. But it’s been an interesting time for us all. Tom has had some fantastic experiences, and met some wonderful people along the way. That’s brilliant.” (　)5.What can we learn about Tom? A.He intended to set a new record. B.He found a missing cruise ship. C.He lost interest in rowing a boat. D.He bought the rowboat Maiwar. (　)6.Why did Tom apologize to the passengers on board? A.For the unexpected danger. B.For the ups and downs of his life. C.For the inconvenience caused. D.For the tough situation they faced. (　)7.What does the underlined word “elated” in the last paragraph mean? A.Curious. B.Helpless. C.Regretful. D.Happy. (　)8.What does Veronica Horgan think of her son’s adventure? A.It upsets her plan. B.It’s rewarding. C.It lacks teamwork. D.It’s more costly. ●Ⅱ 语法填空 On Thursday, the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing 1.　　　　 (reveal) that archaeologists had discovered two sunken ships in the depths of the South China Sea. It offered tangible evidence of commercial and 2.　　　　 (culture) exchanges along the ancient Maritime Silk Road.   The latest underwater archaeological 3.　　　 (explore) carried out by the National Centre for Archaeology have 4.　　　　　 (significant) uncovered important artifacts. In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of 5.　　　　 were made in kilns (窑) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, known as China’s “porcelain capital”. The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 6.　　　　　　　 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 7.　  researcher at the National Centre for Archaeology. The Ming Dynasty’s No.1 shipwreck, 8.　　　　　　 (measure) 37 metres long and 11 metres wide, has yielded 543 artifacts, suggesting it sailed from Fujian or Guangdong to Southeast Asia trade centres like Malacca. The No. 2 shipwreck dates 9.　　　　 the rule of Emperor Hongzhi and measures about 21 metres long and 8 metres wide. A total of 36 artifacts have been found on it, porcelain and pottery 10.　　　　　 (include).  参考答案 一． 词句默写 Ⅰ 【阅读词汇】 1.困境; 逆境　2.探险; 远征; 探险队　3.忍耐力; 耐久力 4.精力; 力量; 活力　5.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员; 服务员　6.毁坏; 压坏; 压碎 拥挤的人群　7.炉具; 厨房灶具 8.航海; 航行　9.海军; 海军部队　10.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员; 专业团队; 一群人　11.橄榄球运动 12.公司的; 法人的; 社团的　13.领航员; (飞机、船舶等上的)航行者　14.(人生的)一段经历; (小说的)片段; 插曲 15.孔子学说; 儒家(学说) 【写作词汇】 16.wage　17.bitter　18.aboard　19.cupboard　20.sink; sank; sunk; sunk　21.abandon　22.blanket　23.miserable　24.decent　25.cosy　26.good/bad-tempered　27.genuine 28.thorough　29.furniture　30.bark　31.bat　32.damp　33.recreation　34.nephew　35.rough　36.motor　37.candidate 【拓展词汇】 38.qualified; qualification　39.enthusiasm; enthusiastic; enthusiastically　40.assign; assignment　41.envy; envious　42.belong　43.selfish; selfishness; selfless　44.persevere; perseverance　45.resolve; resolution　46.cruel; cruelty 47.fortunately; fortunate; unfortunate; unfortunately 48.guide; guidance　49.advertise; advertiser; advertisement; advertising　50.loyalty　51.commitment; commit; committed 52.motive; motivation 二．单元语法填空 1.candidates　2.enthusiastic　3.down　4.hiding　5.was assigned　6.sank　7.(should) be abandoned　8.off 9.commitment　10.committed 三．配套小练习 ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了梅丽莎·塞维尼的一本关于克拉弗和乔特在1938年与导游诺姆·内维尔斯以及其他几名船员一起沿着科罗拉多河进行的探险之旅的书的内容。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“…it held a great appeal: no one had surveyed the Grand Canyon’s plants, and they were determined to be the first.”可知,大峡谷的植物促使克拉弗和乔特踏上这段旅程。故选B项。 2.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“When Clover and Jotter finally reached the entrance of the Grand Canyon…but they decided they had no choice now but to brave the wild river.”可推知,她们感到很担心,但她们确定现在别无选择,只能勇敢地面对这条湍急的河流。画线词apprehensive意为“担心的”,与anxious“担心的”意思一致。故选C项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The author also includes a map of the route and photographic images of the crew at different points along the way.”可知,关于克拉弗和乔特的冒险,我们能了解到她们在旅途中拍了许多珍贵的照片。故选D项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据文章大意、第三段“The author also includes a…”以及最后一段“As the author notes…”可知,文章主要介绍了梅丽莎·塞维尼的一本关于克拉弗和乔特在1938年与导游诺姆·内维尔斯以及其他几名船员一起沿着科罗拉多河进行的探险之旅的书的内容。由此可推知,这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B项。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。24岁的Tom Robinson原计划从秘鲁首都利马独自乘坐划艇横穿太平洋抵达家乡布里斯班,从而创造一项新的纪录。但是在距离终点站2000公里处,他乘坐的划艇侧翻,所幸他被一艘路过的游轮救下。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Tom Robinson,24, was attempting to become the youngest person to row solo across the Pacific Ocean…”可知,Tom Robinson原本想创造一项新的纪录。故选A项。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中“I would like to apologize to the passengers on board whose holiday I did interrupt.”可知,Tom Robinson觉得自己打扰了游轮上的乘客休假,因而向他们表示歉意。故选C项。 7.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前“But when we got the phone call on Friday, we heard his voice and he was saved and well.”可推知,他的家人听到了他的声音,得知他得救了,所以他的家人应该很高兴,画线词elated的意思为“高兴的”。故选D项。 8.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“But it’s been an interesting time for us all. Tom has had some fantastic experiences, and met some wonderful people along the way. That’s brilliant.”可推知,Veronica Horgan认为儿子的这次历险经历是值得的。故选B项。 ●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国国家文物局宣布,在南海深处发现了两艘沉船,这两艘沉船为古代海上丝绸之路的商业和文化交流提供了实物证据。 1.revealed　考查动词时态。根据on Thursday以及句意可知,此处表示过去发生的事实,应用一般过去时。故填revealed。 2.cultural　考查形容词。空处修饰名词,应用culture的形容词cultural作定语,意为“文化的”。故填cultural。 3.explorations　考查名词复数。设空处使用explore的名词exploration作主语,意为“探索”,根据have可知,此处用复数形式。故填explorations。 4.significantly　考查副词。空处修饰动词,应用significant的副词significantly作状语,意为“有重大意义地,显著地”。故填significantly。 5.which　考查定语从句。此处是“代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词artifacts指物,用which引导定语从句。故填which。 6.were determined　考查动词时态和语态。句中the precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系,同时句子表述过去发生的事实,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。 7.a　考查冠词。句中researcher为可数名词,此处泛指“一位研究员”,且researcher的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 8.measuring　考查非谓语动词。句中has yielded为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词。the Ming Dynasty’s No.1 shipwreck与measure之间是主动关系,measure意为“(长/宽)量度为……”,此时该动词为系动词,无被动,应用现在分词作定语。故填measuring。 9.from　考查介词。date from为固定短语,意为“追溯到,起始于”。故填from。 10.included　考查非谓语动词。句中have been found为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词。porcelain和pottery与include之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表示被动。故填included。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $