Unit 1 课时4 Section B 1a-1f（大单元分层作业）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 本同步练习围绕初中英语Unit 1 Section B，采用A组巩固过关、B组能力进阶、C组思维拔高及拓展链接中考的分层设计，通过词汇→句型→语篇的递进路径，兼顾基础夯实与能力提升，适配新授课教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组|核心词汇、基础句型|单词/词组默写及词形转换，夯实语言能力基础| |B组|句型应用、语法综合|补全句子结合肯尼亚铁路情境，提升语言表达与文化意识| |C组|语篇理解、逻辑分析|阅读理解聚焦transport changes，培养思维品质与信息整合能力| |拓展|中考题型、综合应用|阅读还原与完形填空（改编中考题），衔接测评需求，发展学习能力|

Unit 1 The Changing World 课时4 Section B (1a-1f) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ___________ n. 交通路线v.连接 ___________ n. 港口 ___________ n. 首都 ___________ n. 生意；商业 ___________ v. 得益于n. 优势 ___________ adj. 方便的 ___________ n. 容易；自在 ___________ n. 总结 ___________ n. 卡车 ___________ 轻而易举地 ___________ n. 经理 ___________ 对....感到满意 句型 1.It 10 hours Nairobi from Mombasa by train. 从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕要花 10 个小时。 2.Food take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities . 过去，食物要靠数百辆卡车在两座城市间运输。 3.My experience of using the train since 2017 . 自 2017 年以来，我乘坐这趟火车的体验一直很好。 4.The railway has also the transport of food . 这条铁路也让食物运输变得更加便捷。 5. China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together . 尽管中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何能够携手合作，建设更美好的世界。 一、单词默写。 1.________ n. 隧道；地下通道 2._________ n. 首都 3.________ v./adj.完成；完全的 4._________ adj.方便的 5.________ n. 生意；商业 6._________ n.容易；自在 7.________ n.经理 8._________ n./v.评论；批评 9.________ n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人的 二、词组默写。 1. 对……感到满意 ____________________ 2. 轻而易举地_____________________ 3. 火车系统_____________________ 4. 造福当地生活_____________________ 5. 交通路线_____________________ 6. 从……中受益匪浅_____________________ 7. 合作；共同努力________________ 8. 在快车道上；快速发展 ____________________ 9. 远离......_______________________ 10. 建设一个更美好的世界_____________________ 三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1.High-speed railways make our life much ____________ (convenient) than in the past. 2.Lots of ________ (Kenya) benefit a lot from the new railway tunnel. 3.We can finish all the tasks with ______ (easy) now. 4.The __________ (manage) of the station gave some useful ideas on the new transport. 5.People can share their _________ (comment) online about convenient public transport. 一、根据汉语提示补全句子。 1肯尼亚当地人对中国工人修建的新铁路感到非常满意。Local Kenyans _________ _________ _________ _________ the new railway built by Chinese workers. 2.商人们可准时抵达这两座城市，并轻松完成商务交易。Businessmen can arrive on time and _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ in two cities. 3.高速铁路已为所有乘客缩短了旅行时间。The high-speed railway has already _________ _________ _________ _________ for all passengers. 4.这条新铁路带来了极大的便利，确实造福当地生。The new railway brings much convenience and truly _________ _________ _________. 5.得益于政府的支持，当地贸易和经济近年来快速发展。Thanks to the government, local trade and economy are _________ _________ _________ _________ these years. 二、选词填空。 fast, thousand, as, city, make, but, water, along, know, connect Many people know about China’s high-speed railways, but few foreigners know the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway in Kenya. This new railway is 1.________ to local people as the “Lunatic Express II”. It is over 480 kilometers long and it 2.________ the port city Mombasa with Nairobi, the capital of Kenya. It’s the 3.________ railway line in East Africa built with Chinese technology. It was built 4.________ a convenient transport way to send fruits and goods from coastal(沿海的) areas to inland 5.________. It is not just a single railway, but a complete transport system linked with roads and stations. It still plays a key role in local daily life today. 6.________ of businessmen take trains every day to carry food and all kinds of products. Now the local government is 7.________ some stations larger, so more passengers and lorries can get service here. The railway also helps solve the water shortage problem. There is plenty of rain along the coast, 8.________ the inland towns are short of water. The railway can transport plenty of 9.________ to dry areas. The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway is not as world-famous as China’s high-speed rails, so fewer foreign tourists come to experience it. However, it’s amazing to take a train trip 10.________ the whole railway. Travelers can enjoy amazing scenery and feel the great changes it brings to Kenya. 一、阅读理解 In the 1990s, travelling between cities was really difficult for most Chinese people. Buses and slow trains were the main transport ways, and people spent lots of time on the road. In the past 20 years, great changes have taken place in China’s transport system. Now high-speed railways cover almost all main cities. People can take fast trains to travel, do business or visit relatives easily. You can buy tickets online on your phone, and you don’t need to wait in long queues at stations. Trains carry fresh fruit, vegetables and factory goods from villages to big cities every day. Convenient transport also changes people’s social life. Many young people choose to work in big cities but go back to their hometown every holiday. Short travel time makes it easy for families to get together. Besides, tourism develops fast because of convenient transport. More visitors go to small towns to enjoy beautiful mountains and lakes. Transport development pushes the growth of local economy. Small shops, hotels and restaurants open near new stations. Farmers can sell their local food to visitors and make more money. Transport is one of the most important reasons for the big changes of our country. New transport tools keep improving every year. More new tunnels and bridges are being built. People who refuse to accept these new changes will miss many good chances to make their life better. 1.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The wide use of high-speed trains and convenient ticket service. B. The history of China’s old slow trains. C. The different kinds of farm products. D. The future of China’s transport. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Big city. B. Short travel time. C. Holiday plan. D. Local tourism. 3.Who may lose good chances according to the text? A. People who love travelling by train. B. People who sell local food to visitors. C. People who can’t accept new transport changes. D. People who often go back to hometown. 4.Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A. High-speed trains make travel and trade much easier. B. All villagers become rich because of tourism. C. No one takes slow buses any more. D. Young people don’t like working in hometowns. 5.Why did the writer write the text? A. To introduce different kinds of transport tools. B. To talk about problems of high-speed railways. C. To ask readers to take high-speed trains more often. D. To show how transport changes people’s life and economy. 1、 阅读还原。 （2022・长沙中考改编） The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As a result, 1.________. Because of climate change, growing more food is becoming even more difficult. When farmers tried to grow more food in the past, they would use farming methods that weren't always healthy for the environment. To solve this problem, 2.________. They spent several years talking to farmers. They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. 3.________. These special robots move around on farms and collect information about crops. They can take pictures of plants, track each plant's growth and measure its size. In the past, though farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldn't track each plant. 4.________. By collecting information about plants, the robots can help farmers make predictions about how their plants will grow. For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants. With the help of these robots, farmers can take better care of the plants in need. A. But now, with these robots, they can B. By studying each plant, the robots can also help farmers grow plants well C. more and more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone D. some scientists carried out a research project E. This led to the creation of special robots 二、完形填空 （2025・江苏南京中考改编） Thirty years ago, my hometown was a quiet mountain town. There were only 1.______ dirt roads. When it rained, roads became muddy and hard to walk. People mainly walked or rode old bikes to the 2.______ market, and the trip nearly took half a day. 3.______ visitors came here because of bad transport. Now great changes have 4.______. Wide highways and a new railway station were built five years ago. The trip to the big city 5.______ just one hour by high-speed train. The local government also planted thousands of trees along roads and made rivers 6.______. Green mountains and clear water bring lots of tourists every year. Many young people who once worked in big cities have 7.______ to open homestays and fruit shops. They can make more money and stay with their families. However, some old villagers still 8.______ the quiet life without too many people and cars. If people 9.______ to accept these new changes, they will miss many good 10.______ to live a better life. ( )1.A.dry B．dirty C．wide D．narrow ( )2.A.nearest B.biggest C.largest D.longest ( )3.A.Many B. Few C.Little D.Much ( )4.A.taken care B.taken off C.taken place D.taken notes ( )5.A.costs B.spends C.takes D.pays ( )6.A.clean B.clear C.fresh D.smooth ( )7.A. gone back B.turned back C.given back D.come back ( )8.A. remember B. miss C. imagine D. prefer ( )9.A. refuse B. fail C. stop D. avoid ( )10.A. ways B. chances C. choices D. plans 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 课时4 Section B （1a-1f） 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇：link port capital business benefit convenient easy conclusion lorry with ease manager be happy with 句型：1.took; to get to 2.used to 3. has been good. 4.made;easier. 5.Although;to build a better world. 一、单词默写。 1.tunnel 2.capital 3.complete 4.convenient 5.business 6.ease 7.manager 8.comment 9.Kenyan 二、词组默写。 1.be happy with 2.with ease 3.train system 4.benefit local lives 5.transport links 6.benefit a lot from 7.work together 8.on the fast track 9.far away from.... 10.build a better world 三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.more convenient 2.Kenyans 3.ease 4.manager 5.comments 一、根据汉语提示补全句子 1.are very happy with 2.make business deals with ease 3.cut the travel time 4.benefits local lives 5.on the fast track 二、选词填空 1.known 2.connects 3.fastest4.as 5.cities 6.Thousands 7.making 8.but 9.water 10.along 一、阅读理解 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 拓展 链接中考 一、阅读还原 1.C 2.D 3.E 4.A 二、完形填空 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 课时4 Section B (1a-1f) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 link n. 交通路线v.连接 port n. 港口 capital n. 首都 business n. 生意；商业 benefit v. 得益于n. 优势 convenient adj. 方便的 easy n. 容易；自在 conclusion n. 总结 lorry n. 卡车 with ease 轻而易举地 manager n. 经理 be happy with 对....感到满意 句型 1.It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. 从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕要花 10 个小时。 2.Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities . 过去，食物要靠数百辆卡车在两座城市间运输。 3.My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. 自 2017 年以来，我乘坐这趟火车的体验一直很好。 4.The railway has also made the transport of food easier. 这条铁路也让食物运输变得更加便捷。 5.Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 尽管中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何能够携手合作，建设更美好的世界。 一、单词默写。 1.________ n. 隧道；地下通道 2._________ n. 首都 3.________ v./adj.完成；完全的 4._________ adj.方便的 5.________ n. 生意；商业 6._________ n.容易；自在 7.________ n.经理 8._________ n./v.评论；批评 9.________ n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人的 【答案】1.tunnel 2.capital 3.complete 4.convenient 5.business 6.ease 7.manager 8.comment 9.Kenyan 二、词组默写。 1. 对……感到满意 ____________________ 2. 轻而易举地_____________________ 3. 火车系统_____________________ 4. 造福当地生活_____________________ 5. 交通路线_____________________ 6. 从……中受益匪浅_____________________ 7. 合作；共同努力________________ 8. 在快车道上；快速发展 ____________________ 9. 远离......_______________________ 10. 建设一个更美好的世界_____________________ 【答案】1.be happy with 2.with ease 3.train system 4.benefit local lives 5.transport links 6.benefit a lot from 7.work together 8.on the fast track 9.far away from.... 10.build a better world 三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1.High-speed railways make our life much ____________ (convenient) than in the past. 2.Lots of ________ (Kenya) benefit a lot from the new railway tunnel. 3.We can finish all the tasks with ______ (easy) now. 4.The __________ (manage) of the station gave some useful ideas on the new transport. 5.People can share their _________ (comment) online about convenient public transport. 【答案】 1.more convenient 2.Kenyans 3.ease 4.manager 5.comments 【解析】1.句意：高铁让我们的生活比过去方便得多。标志词 than（比）为形容词比较级标志；much 可修饰比较级，意为 “…… 得多”; convenient 是多音节形容词，比较级变化规则：前面加 more。故填more convenient 。 2.句意：许多肯尼亚人从这条新铁路隧道中受益匪浅。 lots of（许多）后接可数名词复数，直接在词尾加 - s； Kenyan 作名词表示 “肯尼亚人”，为可数名词。故填Kenyans。 3.句意：现在我们能轻而易举地完成所有的任务。括号内 easy 是形容词，此处放在介词 with 后需要名词形式，easy 的名词是 ease；固定搭配 with ease = easily，意为 “轻而易举地”。故填ease。 4.句意：车站的管理者就新型交通系统提出了一些有益建议。句子缺少主语，需把动词 manage（管理）变为指人的名词； manager 意为 “经理，负责人”； the manager of the station 车站站长，谓语动词 gave 为单数，主语用单数形式。故填manager。 5.句意：人们可以在线分享他们关于便捷公共交通的评论。comment 作名词意为 “评论，意见”，可数名词； 前面无单数限定词，结合语境人们会发布多条评论，所以使用复数形式 comments。故填comments。 一、根据汉语提示补全句子。 1肯尼亚当地人对中国工人修建的新铁路感到非常满意。Local Kenyans _________ _________ _________ _________ the new railway built by Chinese workers. 【答案】are very happy with 【解析】本题考查固定短语 be happy with，意为 “对…… 感到满意”；主语 Local Kenyans 为复数，一般现在时 be 动词选用 are。 2.商人们可准时抵达这两座城市，并轻松完成商务交易。Businessmen can arrive on time and _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ in two cities. 【答案】make business deals with ease 【解析】情态动词 can 后接动词原形；make business deals 表示 “完成商务交易”；固定搭配 with ease 意为 “轻而易举地”。 3.高速铁路已为所有乘客缩短了旅行时间。The high-speed railway has already _________ _________ _________ _________ for all passengers. 【答案】cut the travel time 【解析】句子时态为现在完成时，结构 have/has + 动词过去分词；cut 的过去分词仍为 cut；固定短语 cut the travel time 表示 “缩短出行 / 旅行时间”。 4.这条新铁路带来了极大的便利，确实造福当地生。The new railway brings much convenience and truly _________ _________ _________. 【答案】benefits local lives 【解析】主语 the new railway 是单数，and 连接并列谓语，动词使用第三人称单数形式 benefits；benefit local lives 为固定搭配，意为 “造福当地生活”。 5.得益于政府的支持，当地贸易和经济近年来快速发展。Thanks to the government, local trade and economy are _________ _________ _________ _________ these years. 【答案】on the fast track 【解析】固定介词短语 on the fast track，引申义为 “快速发展、处于发展快车道”，放在 be 动词后作表语。 二、选词填空。 fast, thousand, as, city, make, but, water, along, know, connect Many people know about China’s high-speed railways, but few foreigners know the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway in Kenya. This new railway is 1.________ to local people as the “Lunatic Express II”. It is over 480 kilometers long and it 2.________ the port city Mombasa with Nairobi, the capital of Kenya. It’s the 3.________ railway line in East Africa built with Chinese technology. It was built 4.________ a convenient transport way to send fruits and goods from coastal(沿海的) areas to inland 5.________. It is not just a single railway, but a complete transport system linked with roads and stations. It still plays a key role in local daily life today. 6.________ of businessmen take trains every day to carry food and all kinds of products. Now the local government is 7.________ some stations larger, so more passengers and lorries can get service here. The railway also helps solve the water shortage problem. There is plenty of rain along the coast, 8.________ the inland towns are short of water. The railway can transport plenty of 9.________ to dry areas. The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway is not as world-famous as China’s high-speed rails, so fewer foreign tourists come to experience it. However, it’s amazing to take a train trip 10.________ the whole railway. Travelers can enjoy amazing scenery and feel the great changes it brings to Kenya. 【答案】1.known 2.connects 3.fastest4.as 5.cities 6.Thousands 7.making 8.but 9.water 10.along 【解析】 1. 固定搭配 be known to sb. 含义为 “为…… 所熟知”。句子主语 this new railway（这条新铁路）和动词 know 之间是被动关系，意为 “铁路被当地人熟知”，被动语态结构为 be + 动词过去分词，know 的过去分词形式是 known。 2.固定搭配 connect A with B，意为 “把 A 和 B 连接起来”。全文整体时态为一般现在时；主语 it 指代单数名词 railway，谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式，connect 直接加 - s 变为 connects。 3.句中出现范围限定短语 in East Africa（在东非范围内），表示三者及以上范围对比，形容词需要使用最高级。fast 是单音节形容词，最高级直接在词尾加 - est，即 fastest。 4. as 此处作介词，含义是 “作为”，在句中说明修建铁路的目的，把铁路定位成便捷的运输通道。 5. city 是可数名词，前文 coastal areas（多个沿海区域）对应多处内陆城市，无 a/one 等单数限定词，因此使用复数形式，city 变复数改 y 为 i 加 - es，即 cities。 6. 固定固定短语 thousands of，意为 “成千上万的”，用于修饰可数名词复数；位于句首单词首字母必须大写。thousand 单独使用前加数字不加 s，搭配 of 时必须变复数 thousands。 7. 句子时态为现在进行时，结构为 be 动词 (am/is/are)+ 动词现在分词。本句已有 be 动词 is，因此动词 make 要变形为 making；同时固定结构 make sth.+ 形容词，表示 “使某物变得……”，make some stations larger 扩建车站、让车站规模更大。 8.前半句 “沿海地区雨水充沛”，后半句 “内陆城镇缺水”，两句语义相反，存在明显转折逻辑。but 是并列转折连词，用于连接前后对立的两个分句。 9.前文出现固定短语 water shortage（水资源短缺），前后内容呼应，铁路用来运输水资源；water 表示 “水” 时为不可数名词，没有复数变形，直接填写原形 water。 10.along 为方位介词，意思是 “沿着、顺着”，along the whole railway 沿着整条铁路线，符合坐火车沿路观光的语境。 一、阅读理解 In the 1990s, travelling between cities was really difficult for most Chinese people. Buses and slow trains were the main transport ways, and people spent lots of time on the road. In the past 20 years, great changes have taken place in China’s transport system. Now high-speed railways cover almost all main cities. People can take fast trains to travel, do business or visit relatives easily. You can buy tickets online on your phone, and you don’t need to wait in long queues at stations. Trains carry fresh fruit, vegetables and factory goods from villages to big cities every day. Convenient transport also changes people’s social life. Many young people choose to work in big cities but go back to their hometown every holiday. Short travel time makes it easy for families to get together. Besides, tourism develops fast because of convenient transport. More visitors go to small towns to enjoy beautiful mountains and lakes. Transport development pushes the growth of local economy. Small shops, hotels and restaurants open near new stations. Farmers can sell their local food to visitors and make more money. Transport is one of the most important reasons for the big changes of our country. New transport tools keep improving every year. More new tunnels and bridges are being built. People who refuse to accept these new changes will miss many good chances to make their life better. 1.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. The wide use of high-speed trains and convenient ticket service. B. The history of China’s old slow trains. C. The different kinds of farm products. D. The future of China’s transport. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Big city. B. Short travel time. C. Holiday plan. D. Local tourism. 3.Who may lose good chances according to the text? A. People who love travelling by train. B. People who sell local food to visitors. C. People who can’t accept new transport changes. D. People who often go back to hometown. 4.Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A. High-speed trains make travel and trade much easier. B. All villagers become rich because of tourism. C. No one takes slow buses any more. D. Young people don’t like working in hometowns. 5.Why did the writer write the text? A. To introduce different kinds of transport tools. B. To talk about problems of high-speed railways. C. To ask readers to take high-speed trains more often. D. To show how transport changes people’s life and economy. 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 【详解】文章通过今昔对比，讲述近二十年我国交通飞速发展，高铁便利出行、流通物资，改善家庭生活、带动乡村旅游与地方经济；同时点明拒绝时代发展变化的人会错失发展机遇。 1.主旨大意题。 题干句意：第二段的中心大意是什么？ 定位原文：Now high-speed railways cover almost all main cities. People can take fast trains to travel, do business or visit relatives easily. You can buy tickets online on your phone, and you don’t need to wait in long queues at stations. Trains carry fresh fruit, vegetables and factory goods from villages to big cities every day. 翻译：如今高铁几乎覆盖所有主要城市。人们乘坐高铁出行、经商、探亲都十分便捷，手机线上购票无需在车站排长队，列车每日往返城乡运送农产品与工业货物。 本段全部围绕高铁普及、线上购票便捷、城乡物资运输便利展开；B 选项老式慢火车历史属于第一段内容，C 农产品只是局部细节，D 交通未来文中未提及，均无法概括整段，故选 A。 2.代词指代题。 题干句意：第三段划线单词 it 指代什么？ 定位原文：Short travel time makes it easy for families to get together. 翻译：缩短的出行时间让家人团聚变得容易。 本句 it 为形式宾语，真正依托前文核心名词 short travel time；A 大城市、C 假期计划、D 乡村旅游均和本句逻辑无关，故选 B。 3.细节理解题。 题干句意：根据短文，哪类人会错失发展良机？ 定位原文：People who refuse to accept these new changes will miss many good chances to make their life better. 翻译：拒绝接受这些新变化的人将会错失许多改善生活的好机会。 句中 refuse to accept new changes 和 C 选项 can’t accept new transport changes 同义；A 爱坐火车的人、B 售卖特产的村民、D 经常返乡的年轻人都能享受交通红利，不会失去机会，故选 C。 4.推理判断题。 题干句意：下列哪一项能从文章中推断得出？ 定位原文：People can take fast trains to travel, do business or visit relatives easily…Trains carry fresh fruit, vegetables and factory goods from villages to big cities every day. 翻译：人们搭乘高铁出行、经商十分便利，列车每日往返城乡运送各类货物。 由原文可推出高铁让出行与商贸更便捷；B 含绝对词 all，原文仅说农民增收而非全部致富；C “No one” 绝对化，文中未说明慢巴士消失；D 无依据，文章未提及年轻人不喜欢在家乡工作，故选 A。 5.主旨大意题。 题干句意：作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？ 定位原文：全文依次介绍高铁便利出行、改变家庭生活、带动乡村旅游、推动地方经济发展，结尾点明交通升级带来诸多机遇。 翻译：文章全程围绕交通发展对民众生活、地方经济产生的积极影响展开叙述。 A 仅介绍交通工具并非写作核心；B 全文没有讲述高铁存在的问题；C 文中无呼吁大家多乘坐高铁的语句；D 贴合文章主线，展现交通如何改变人们生活与区域经济，故选 D。 1、 阅读还原。 （2022・长沙中考改编） The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As a result, 1.________. Because of climate change, growing more food is becoming even more difficult. When farmers tried to grow more food in the past, they would use farming methods that weren't always healthy for the environment. To solve this problem, 2.________. They spent several years talking to farmers. They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. 3.________. These special robots move around on farms and collect information about crops. They can take pictures of plants, track each plant's growth and measure its size. In the past, though farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldn't track each plant. 4.________. By collecting information about plants, the robots can help farmers make predictions about how their plants will grow. For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants. With the help of these robots, farmers can take better care of the plants in need. A. But now, with these robots, they can B. By studying each plant, the robots can also help farmers grow plants well C. more and more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone D. some scientists carried out a research project E. This led to the creation of special robots 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.E 4.A 【详解】文章讲述了地球人口逐年增长，粮食种植难度加大。过去传统农耕破坏环境，科学家开展调研，研发农用机器人，机器人能够监测作物，帮助农民科学种植、管理庄稼。 1.题干句意：地球上人口每年持续增长，因此，____。 定位原文：The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As a result, 1.________. 翻译：地球上人口逐年增多，因此需要种植更多粮食来养活所有人。 前文讲人口增长，As a result 表结果，C 选项 “需要种植更多粮食养活所有人” 承接人口变多带来的后果，逻辑通顺；其余选项均和人口增长无关联，故选 C。 2.题干句意：过去农民增产的方式破坏环境，为解决这个问题，____。 定位原文：To solve this problem, 2.________. They spent several years talking to farmers. 翻译：为解决这一难题，一些科学家开展了一项研究项目，他们花费数年走访农民。 后文代词 They 指代设空处的人物，D 选项主语 scientists，后文用 they 指代科学家，前后呼应；A、B、E 无人物主体，无法对应后文 they，故选 D。 3.题干句意：科学家调研农民的难题，____。这些特殊机器人在田间收集作物信息。 定位原文：They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. 3.________. These special robots move around on farms and collect information about crops. 翻译：他们想弄清农民的困境以及解决办法，这催生了专用机器人的研发，这些特殊机器人在农田里采集作物信息。 空后出现 These special robots，E 选项末尾 special robots 与之对应，this 指代前文科学家调研行动，逻辑衔接紧密，故选 E。 4.题干句意：过去农民只能掌握天气、土壤信息，无法单独监测每一株作物。____。 定位原文：In the past, though farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldn't track each plant. 4.________. 翻译：过去农民无法单独监测每一株作物，但现在有了机器人，他们可以做到。 前半句讲过去做不到，A 选项 But now 表转折，说明现在机器人解决了该难题，前后形成今昔对比，故选 A。 二、完形填空 （2025・江苏南京中考改编） Thirty years ago, my hometown was a quiet mountain town. There were only 1.______ dirt roads. When it rained, roads became muddy and hard to walk. People mainly walked or rode old bikes to the 2.______ market, and the trip nearly took half a day. 3.______ visitors came here because of bad transport. Now great changes have 4.______. Wide highways and a new railway station were built five years ago. The trip to the big city 5.______ just one hour by high-speed train. The local government also planted thousands of trees along roads and made rivers 6.______. Green mountains and clear water bring lots of tourists every year. Many young people who once worked in big cities have 7.______ to open homestays and fruit shops. They can make more money and stay with their families. However, some old villagers still 8.______ the quiet life without too many people and cars. If people 9.______ to accept these new changes, they will miss many good 10.______ to live a better life. ( )1.A.dry B．dirty C．wide D．narrow ( )2.A.nearest B.biggest C.largest D.longest ( )3.A.Many B. Few C.Little D.Much ( )4.A.taken care B.taken off C.taken place D.taken notes ( )5.A.costs B.spends C.takes D.pays ( )6.A.clean B.clear C.fresh D.smooth ( )7.A. gone back B.turned back C.given back D.come back ( )8.A. remember B. miss C. imagine D. prefer ( )9.A. refuse B. fail C. stop D. avoid ( )10.A. ways B. chances C. choices D. plans 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 【详解】本文对比家乡三十年前交通闭塞、落后冷清的旧貌，讲述如今交通、环境大幅改善，年轻人返乡创业；但部分老人怀念往昔宁静，不愿接纳发展变化的人会错失美好生活机遇。 1.词义辨析题。句意：三十年前，我的家乡是一座安静的山城，这里只有狭窄的土路。 前文描述过去家乡落后，道路条件差。dry 干燥的；dirty 脏的；wide 宽阔的，都是现代道路特征，不符合过去语境；narrow 狭窄的贴合早年土路特点，故选 D。 2.词义辨析题。句意：人们主要步行或者骑旧自行车去最近的集市，这段路程几乎要耗费半天时间。 nearest 最近的；biggest 最大的；largest 规模最大的；longest 最长的。结合过去交通不便，人们只能去往距离最近的集市，其余词汇不符合语境，故选 A。 3.逻辑推理题。句意：由于交通不便，几乎没有游客来这里。 visitors 是可数名词复数，little、much 只能修饰不可数名词，直接排除；many 许多，和交通差游客少的逻辑矛盾；few 表示几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数，符合文意，故选 B。 4.固定搭配题。 句意：如今，这里发生了巨大的变化。 take care 照顾；take off 起飞、脱掉；take place 发生；take notes 记笔记。固定搭配 take place 表示 “发生”，take 的过去分词为 taken，have taken place 构成现在完成时，符合 “巨变已经发生” 的句意，故选 C。 5.固定搭配题。句意：搭乘高铁去往这座大城市仅需要一小时。 cost 主语为物品，侧重花钱；spend、pay 主语必须是人；take 主语为事物，用于花费时间，本句主语 the trip 是出行这件事，花费时间用 takes，故选 C。 6.原词复现题。句意：当地政府沿路种植了成千上万棵树木，并且把河流清理干净。 后文出现 clear water 绿水青山，clean 干净的；clear 清澈的不适合直接修饰河水治理后的状态；fresh 新鲜的；smooth 平坦的，多用于道路。治理河道是让河水变干净，故选 A。 7.固定搭配题。句意：许多曾经在大城市务工的年轻人回到家乡，经营民宿和水果店。 gone back 回去（人未归）；turned back 折返；given back 归还；come back 回来，返乡。此处指年轻人返乡创业，现在完成时 have come back，故选 D。 8.逻辑推理题。句意：然而，一些老年村民仍然怀念没有拥挤人群和车辆的安静生活。 remember 记住；miss 怀念；imagine 想象；prefer 更喜欢。转折词 however 体现老人留恋过去的生活，miss 符合情感逻辑，故选 B。 9.逻辑判断题。句意：如果人们拒绝接受这些新变化，他们将会错失很多过上更好生活的良机。 refuse 拒绝；fail 未能；stop 停止；avoid 避免。固定搭配 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事，贴合原文拒绝改变就失去机遇的含义，故选 A。 10.词义辨析题。句意：他们将会错失许多过上更好生活的良机。 ways 方式；chances 机遇；choices 选择；plans 计划。miss good chances 为固定搭配，意为错失机遇，贴合全文发展带来发展机会的主旨，故选 B。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $