Unit 1 Back to school-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第一册（译林版）

Unit 1 Back to school 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： potential;senior,path;challenge;thinking,positive;opportunity,lie in;rise to; acquire;effort;advance;amazing;confidence;make a difference;make the most of 等 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 potential 释义：n.潜力：可能性adj.潜在的：可能的 /pa'tenf/ 词汇变形：potentially(adv,)潜在地；potentiality(n.)潜力（较正 式) 搭配：have potential(todo)有潜力；realize/fulfill one's potential 发挥潜力；potential danger/threat潜在危险 辨析：potential指“可能性、潜能”，强调内在的、尚未发挥的能 力；possible指“可能的”，侧重客观外在的可能性；likely指“很 可能的”，侧重概率高。 例句：Everyone has the potential to succeed if they work hard. 如果努力工作，每个人都有成功的潜力。 She realized her potential as a leader. 她发挥了自己作为领导者的潜力。 2 senior 释义：adj.(学校)招收11或13岁以上学生的：级别高的：高级水平 I'sinia(r)/ 的：老年的n.级别（或地位）较高者；较…年长的人；高水平运 动员 词汇变形：seniority(n.)资历，年长 搭配：senior high school高中；be senior to比年长/级别高；a senior citizen老年人 辨析：junior(反义词)级别低的、年少的；superior指“级别更 高、更优的”，但不用于年龄。 例句：n American high school&,the senior year is the final year before graduation. 在美国高中，高年级是毕业前的最后一年。 She is senior to me by two years. 她比我年长两岁。 challenge 释义：n.&t.挑战；质疑 /'tfaelmd3/ 词汇变形：challenging(adj)有挑战性的；challenger(n)挑战者 搭配：challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事；face/meet a challenge 面对挑战：rise to the challenge迎接挑战(=take up the challenge).;challenge one's view质疑某人的观点 辨析：challenge强调“需要努力克服的困难”；difficulty泛指“难 题”，语气中性；problem侧重“待解决的问题”。 例句：The new project challenges us to think creatively. 这个新项目挑战我们进行创造性思考。 She faced the challenge with courage. 她勇敢地面对了挑战。 positive 释义：ad.积极乐观的：良好的：正面的 /ppzativ/ 词汇变形：positively(adv,)积极地；positivity (n)积极性 搭配：a positive attitude积极态度；positive effect/influence积极影 响；be positive about对…乐观/肯定 辨析：positive与optimistic近义，但positive更强调“确实的、正 面的”；optimistic侧重“乐观的、充满希望的”。 例句：Staying positive helps you overcome difficulties. 保持积极有助于你克服困难。 She has a positive outlook on life. 她对生活有积极的态度。 opportunity 释义：n.机会，时机 /,Dpa'tju nati/ 词汇变形：opportune(adj)及时的，适当的（较少用） 搭配：have/get an opportunity to do有机会做：seize/take the opportunity抓住机会；opportunity cost机会成本（经济术语）；at the earliest opportunity尽早 辨析：opportunity表示“有利的机会”，强调时机合适；chance更 偏“偶然性、可能性”，如a chance meeting。 例句：The summer camp offered a great opportunity to learn new skills. 夏令营提供了学习新技能的好机会。 Don't miss this opportunity! 不要错过这个机会！ 6 liein 释义：短语：存在于，在于 用法：liein无被动，lie的过去式lay,过去分词lain(注意与“说 谎”lie lied lied区别) 搭配：the problem lies in问题在于；the difference lies in区别在于 辨析：liein强调“原因/本质在于”；consist in更正式，且多用于 抽象事物；result from强调“结果源于”。 例句：The key to success lies in hard work and persistence. 成功的关键在于努力工作和坚持不懈。 His charm lies in his honesty. 他的魅力在于诚实。 rise to 释义：短语：能够处理（常接challenge/occasion等） 用法：rise to the challenge/occasion应对挑战/处理局势；riseto fame成名（注意rise为不及物动词） 辨析：rise to侧重“成功应对”；face up to侧重“勇敢面对”； deal with更普通。 例句：We must rise to the challenge ofprotecting the environment. 我们必须迎接保护环境的挑战。 She rose to the occasion and gave a great speech 她临场发挥，发表了精彩的演讲。 acquire 释义：t.获得，得到 /a'kwarer/ 词汇变形：acquisition(n.)获得，习得（如llanguage acquisition) 搭配：acquire knowledge/skills/habits获得知识/技能/习惯； acquire a taste for开始喜欢 辨析：acquire强调“通过持续努力习得”；obtain较正式，强调 “得到手”；gain可指逐渐获得或增加；get最口语化。 例句：Students acquire a lot of practical skills through volunteering: She acquired a good knowledge of French. 她掌握了良好的法语知识。 effort 释义：n.努力，费力的事：试图 /'efat/ 词汇变形：effortless(adj,)不费力的；effortlessly(adv,);effortful (adj)费力的（较少用）》 搭配：make every effort to do尽一切努力；spare no effort不遗余 力；in an effort to do为了做某事；with effort努力地 辨析：effort侧重“付出的气力”；attempt侧重“尝试”的动作， 如make an attempt to do;y最普通。 例句：Great efforts have been made to improve the living condition,s. 已经付出了巨大努力来改善生活条件。 He succeeded through hard effort. 他通过努力获得了成功。 10 advance 释义：n.进步，进展：前进vt.&i.发展，进步 /ad'va:ns/ 词汇变形：advanced(adj,)先进的，高级的；advancement(,)晋 升，促进 搭配：in advance提前：make advances(in)在…方面取得进展； advance one's career提升事业 辨析：advance指“前进、进步”，可用于科技、事业：progress更 常用，指稳步的进步；improvement侧重“改善、变好”。 例句：With the advance oftechnology,online learning has become popular. 随着科技的进步，在线学习变得流行。 She advanced quickly in her career. 她在事业上进步很快。 confidence 释义：n.信心，信任；把握 /'kDnfidans/ 词汇变形：confident(adj);confidently(adv.);self-confidence(n.) 自信 搭配：have/1 ack confidence in对…有信心/缺乏信心；with confidence自信地；lose confidence失去信心；gain confidence获 得信心 辨析：confidence强调“相信自身能力或某事可靠”；tust侧重 “信赖他人”；fait山语气更强，常指信仰。 例句：Practicing public speaking can build your confidence. 练习公开演讲可以建立自信。 I have confidence in your ability. 我对你的能力有信心。 12 make a difference 释义：短语：起作用，有影响 用法：make a difference(tosb/sth)对…有影响/起重要作用： make a big/.great difference有很大的影响：make no difference没有 影响 辨析：make a difference强调“积极改变”；take effect强调“生 效”；influence可用作动词或名词。 例句：Small actions like recycling can make a big difference to the environment 像回收这样的小行动能对环境产生大影响。 Your support made a difference to my life 你的支持改变了我的生活。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） 1.Everyone has the (potentially)to be a good leader if they work on their skills. 2.The local high school is looking for (senior)students to help with the freshman orientation. 3.It is a great (challenging)to finish the marathon in under three hours 4.Try to look on the (positive)side of things even when you fail. 5.This internship is a wonderful (opportune)for you to gain work experience. 6.The difference between success and failure often (lie)in how you handle problems. 7.We must to the challenge and prove that we can do it..(用适当短语) 8.Through years of study,she (acquire)a deep understanding ofhistory. 9.He made a great (effort)to improve his English pronunciation. 10.The country has made rapid (advance)in space technology recently. 11.With enough practice,you will speak English with (confident) 12.Your volunteering work really a difference to the community.(用适当形式) (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示，用本单元核心词汇/短语完成句子） 1.这位老年公民退休后开始学习绘画，并发现了自己在艺术方面的潜力。 The started learning painting after retirement and discovered his in art. 2面对巨大的困难，我们都需要保持积极的态度来应对挑战。 Facing great difficulties,we all need to keep a to the challenge. 3这次交流项目提供了极好的机会去了解不同的文化。 This exchange program a great learn about different cultures. 4.成功的秘诀在于坚持不懈的努力。 The secret of success persistent 5通过读书，我们可以获得知识，也能开阔视野。 Through reading,we can knowledge and also broaden our horizons. 6请提前告知我们，以便我们做好准备。 Please let us know so that we can get ready. 7她对通过考试很有把握，因为她已经付出了巨大的努力。 She had great passing the exam,because she had made great 8.一个小小的善举就能对他人产生大影响。 Asmall act of kindness can to others. (三)短文填空 Many students worry about their future,but the key to success often 1 (lie)in seizing every 2 (opportunity)to learn and grow.At senior high school,we face many 3 (challenge),from difficult exams to busy schedules.However,a 4 (positively)attitude can make a big 5 (different).With confidence,we can 6 to any difficulty and 7 (acquire)valuable skills.One of the most important things is to realize our own 8 (potentially).No one is born with all abilities;they are gained through 9 (effort).Every small step forward is an 10(advance)towards success.Even if we fail, we should not lose 11(confident).Instead,we should ask ourselves:"What does the problem lie in?"and then work hard to solve it.Remember,the path to success is not always smooth,but 12 (senior)students who keep a positive mindset can turn every challenge into an opportunity.So,make the most of your time and rise 13 every challenge- you will find that your efforts truly make a difference. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.potential;2.senior;3.challenge;4.positive;5.opportunity;6.lies;7.rise; 8.acquired;9.effort;10.advances;11.confidence;12.makes (二)单句表达 1.senior citizen;potential;2.positive attitude,rise to;3.offers;opportunity to;4.lies in; effort;5.acquire;6.in advance;7.confidence in;efforts;8.make a big difference (三)短文填空 1lies;2.opportunity;3.challenges;4.positive;5.difference;6.rise;7.acquire; 8.potential;9.effort;10.advance;11.confidence;12.senior;13.to