Unit 1 Back to school Extended Reading教材考点词汇及句型笔记 2026-2027学年高一英语译林版必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了U1 Extended reading的教材考点词汇及重难点句型。词汇从教材语境出发，涵盖词性、固定搭配、派生词及考题考法，句型结合教材例句解析结构特点与拓展应用，形成从基础理解到考点突破的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇多维度解析-句型分层拓展-考题情景对接”逻辑展开，通过语境示例和考点分析提升语言能力，结合对比辨析培养思维品质，助力学生掌握科学学习方法，高效应对语法填空、完形填空等题型。

U1 Extended reading 教材考点笔记 教材考点词汇及重难点句型全解 1.exchange n.&vt.交换；交流；兑换 [教材语境] Last year,I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年,我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。 →(动词现在分词)exchanging ◆an exchange student 交换生 ◆exchange information/ideas 交流信息/思想 ◆in exchange(for...) 作为(……的)交换 ·Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗? ◆exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物 ·I've never exchanged words with those mums beyond small talk,but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊之外，我从来没有和那些妈妈们交谈过，但她们想帮忙。 ◆exchange...for... 以……换取/兑换…… ·I would like to exchange the black jacket for a blue one. 我想把这件黑夹克换成一件蓝色的。 →exchangeable adj.可交换的；可交易的；可兑换的 [考题情景] 在语法填空中的考法涉及： ①考查其固定搭配中的介词搭配： exchange ideas with sb. exchange...for... 以...换取/兑换... in exchange for 作为...的交换 ②考查其变为动名词时的不规则变化： exchange →exchanging 2.host n.主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办；主持 ◆a lovely host family 一个温馨的寄宿家庭 ◆a host family 寄宿家庭 →host n.[C]主人 →host n.[C]东道主，主办国(或城市、机构) ◆a host country/city 主办国/城市 →host n.[C]主持人 →host vt.主办，主持 ◆host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会 →hostess n.[C]女主人;女主持人 3.tough adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 →tough adj.艰难的；艰苦的；棘手的 ◆a tough job/choice/time 棘手的工作/难做的选择/煎熬的日子 ◆be tough on/with sb. 对某人严厉 ◆a tough man/guy 一个硬汉 ◆a tough life 艰苦的生活 ◆a tough problem 棘手的问题 ·Life is tough, but I'm tougher. 生活很艰难，但我更坚强。 ·In the beginning,however,it was still tough for me to remember everyone's name! 然而，起初，记住每个人的名字对我来说仍然很困难! ·It is a tough decision for me to make. 对于我来说这是一个很难作的决定。 →tough adj.严厉的；强硬的 ◆be tough on/with sb. = be hard on sb. =be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 ◆get tough with 强硬对待；采取严厉措施 ·Don't be too tough on him—he is only a kid. 别对他太严厉了——他只是个孩子。 ·The employers got tough with their workers. 雇主们对他们的员工采取了严厉的措施。 →tough 坚固的；结实的；(身体)强壮的；坚强的 ·The shoes bought from that supermarket are very tough. 这双在那个超市买的鞋子很结实。 ·Are you sure you are physically tough enough for this job? 你确定你的身体足够强壮能应付这份工作? →toughly adv.艰难地；严厉地；强硬地 →toughness n.坚韧不拔；坚强；坚硬；坚韧；强硬 4.alarm n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕 [教材语境] I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! 我非常喜欢它，现在还把它当闹钟用呢！ →alarm n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 ◆alarm clock/bell 闹钟 ◆a fire/smoke alarm 防火烟雾警报器 ◆sound/raise the alarm 发警报 ·His family raised the alarm when he had not come home by 9 p.m. 他到晚上9点还没回家时，他的家人报了警。 ◆in alarm 惊慌地 ·I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open. 风把门吹开了，我惊慌地转过身去。 ◆take alarm at... 因……而惊恐/担忧警觉 ·I hope you didn't take alarm at the news. 我希望你听到这个消息没有吃惊。 →alarm vt.使惊恐，使害怕 ◆alarm sb. 使某人惊恐/害怕/担心 →alarmed adj.感到担忧的，感到惊恐的 ◆be alarmed at/by... 因……·到恐慌 ·The government was alarmed by the increase of unemployment. 政府对失业人数的增加感到担忧。 ◆be/feel/get alarmed 感到惊恐的 →alarming adj.令人担忧的，令人恐惧的 5.contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠 [教材语境] Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution.. 课堂讨论在英国是非常重要的，但我不能做出太多的贡献…… →contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠 ◆make a contribution to sth./doing sth. 为……做贡献；给……捐款 ◆make a great contribution 做贡献 ·Everyone should make contributions to protecting the environment. 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。 →contribute v.捐献；是……的原因之一；撰稿 ◆contribute...to... 向……捐·…；为……撰稿 ·We contributed £5,000 to the foundation to help people in need. 我们向基金会捐赠了5 000英镑来帮助有需要的人。 ◆contribute to sth. 有助于/促成某事 ·Talking with native speakers contributes to our English leaning. 与以英语为母语的人交谈有助于我们的英语学习。 6.fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏 [教材语境] Fortunately,my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 幸运的是，我的老师和同学总是乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。 →fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏（常作句子状语） ·Fortunately,we got home before it started to rain. 很幸运，在开始下雨之前我们回到了家。 →(反义词)unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 ·I would like to give you some money,but unfortunately I haven’t got any. 我愿意给你一些钱，但遗憾的是我并没有钱。 →fortunate adj.幸运的 ◆be fortunate to do sth./be fortunate in doing sth. 有幸做某事 ·You're very fortunate to have found such a nice house.你能找到一栋这么漂亮的房子真是非常幸运。 →(反义词)unfortunate adj.不幸的；可惜的；令人遗憾的 ·It was unfortunate that he couldn't speak English. 可惜他不会讲英语。 →fortune n.机会，运气 ；大笔的钱；命运 ◆seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路 ◆tell one's fortune 给某人算命 ◆make a/one's fortune 发财 ·This is your chance to get in on a good thing and perhaps make a fortune on a small investment.这是你参与这笔好生意的机会，说不定你投资一小笔就能发财。 [考题情景] (1)在语法填空中的考法涉及： 考查词性转换： ①fortunately →fortunate adj. ②fortunately →(反义词)unfortunately adv. (2)在完形填空中常考查: 对其词义的把握 7.option n.可选择的事物，选择；选修课 →option n.[C,U]可选择的事物，选择；[C]选修课 ◆the option of doing sth./the option to do sth. 做……的选择 ◆have no option/choice but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择 ◆have no other option than... 除了……别无选择；只好…… →optional adj.可选择的,选修的 ◆optional courses 选修课 8.attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) [教材语境] The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. 最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。 →attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) ◆attract...to... 引起……对……的兴趣 ◆attract sb. to sth. 引起某人对某事的兴趣 ◆attract one’s attention/interest 引起某人的注意/兴趣 ·What caused his writing style is that he is good at attracting the readers' attention using plain language. 他擅长用通俗易懂的语言吸引读者的注意力，这造就了他的写作风格。 ◆be attracted by/to... 被……吸引 ·It is not unusual for teenagers to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 青少年被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引并不罕见。 →attraction n.有吸引力的特征地方/事物；吸引，爱慕 ◆have an/no attraction for sb. 对某人具有/没有吸引力 ◆a tourist attraction/tourist attractions 旅游景点 ·The walled city is an important tourist attraction. 这座城墙围绕的城市是一个重要的旅游胜地。 →attractive adj.有吸引力的；诱人的 ◆be attractive to ... 对……有吸引力 ·Mount Huangshan is such an attractive place of interest that everyone likes to visit. 黄山是一个吸引人的名胜，每个人都喜欢去参观。 [考题情景] 在语法填空中的考法涉及： 考查词性转换： ①attract →attractive adj. ②attract →attraction n. 教材重难点句型全解 1.动词不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词 [教材语境] Last year,I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。 [教材语境] Joining clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them. 加入俱乐部是与英国学生相识、交友的好方法。 [考点精析] 英语中，一些抽象名词后常接动词不定式作后置定语， 常见的此类名词有ability、courage、right、chance、opportunity、way、time等。 ·The next meeting will be held in two weeks,so you still have time to read the book. 下次会议两周后举行，所以你还有时间读这本书。 ·It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students. 这是一个让国际学生更好地了解中国文化的机会。 2.It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说，做其事是……的 。 [教材语境] In the beginning,however,it was still tough for me to remember everyone's name! 然而，一开始，要记住每个人的名字对我来说仍然很困难! [考点精析] 当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词或主语从句时，常常可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后部。 ▲(1)It+be+adj./n.+lo do sth. 做某事是…… ▲(2)It+be+adj.+for sb+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。 用于这个句型的形容词是描述事物的性质、特征或客观情况的词： important、difficult、necessary、easy、possible、impossible等。 It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 某人做某事，真是太……了。 用于这个句型的形容词是描述人的性格、品质或内在特征的词： kind、nice、generous、clever、selfish、foolish等。 ▲(3)It+be+no use/no good/a waste of time+doing sth. 做某事没有用处/没有好处/浪费时间。 ▲(4)It+be+adj./n.+从句. 做某事是…… ▲(5)It+be+said/reported/believed/known/suggested that... 据说/据报道/人们认为/众所周知/有人建议…… 3.so...that ... 如此……以至于…… [教材语境] I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! 我非常喜欢它，现在还把它当闹钟用呢! [句型分析] 句中的so...that...引导结果状语从句。 [考点拓展精析] "so ...that..."和“such ...that...”均意为“如此……以至于……”,可引导结果状语从句； so强调形容词或副词，such强调名词， 两者的基本句型结构和区别如下： ▲so ...that... 的用法 ： ■① so+adj./adv.+that... ■② so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that... ■③ so+many/much/few/little+名词+that... ·The gold medal winner was so excited that he could not speak at the awarding ceremony. 金牌得主在颁奖典礼上激动得说不出话来。 ▲such ...that... 的用法： ■① such +adj.+不可数名词+that ... ■② such +adj.+可数名词复数+that ... ■③ such +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that ... ·Last Sunday it was such a fine day that all my family went hiking in the countryside. 上星期天天气很好，我们全家都去乡下徒步旅行了。 4.as....as... 原级比较结构 [教材语境] Although there was not as much homework as I was used to it was still challenging. 虽然作业不像以前那么多，但它仍然很有挑战性。 [考点精析] ▲①基本用法：as+adj./adv.+as... 和……一样…… ·His handwriting is as beautiful as Jack's. 他的字和杰克的一样好看。 ·I can speak English as fluently as a native speaker. 我讲英语和母语是英语的人一样流利。 ▲②否定形式：not as/so+adj./adv.+as... 表示前者不如后者 ·I am not as/so busy as I used to be. 我没有过去那么忙了。 ▲③加名词时：as+adj.+(a/an)n.+as... ·We have produced as many cars as we did last year. 我们已经生产了和去年一样多的汽车。 ·The mobile phone is as useful a tool as the computer. 手机是像电脑一样有用的工具。 5.V-ing的复合结构 [教材语境] I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. 我还留着自己参演威廉·莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》时的剧照。 [句型分析] 本句是一个简单句。主语为I，谓语为have，宾语为photos； myself acting...为V.-ing的复合结构，作of的宾语。 [考点拓展精析] 当V.-ing.的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，在V.-ing之前加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，点明其逻辑主语，这便构成了V.-ing的复合结构。 在口语中，如果V.-ing的复合结构作宾语，其中的形容词性物主代词常用人称代词宾格来代替，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样代替。 ·He suggested my/me asking the teacher for help. 他建议我向老师求助。 ·The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college. 爸爸坚持要求儿子上大学。 ·Mary's being ill made her mother upset. (Mary's不可用Mary代替) 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $