Unit 2 Making a difference-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（外研版）

Unit 2 Making a difference 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： contribution;relief,shortage;internal;effective;fund;recycle;fountain;earn; donate;break into a smile;foundation,insight;perseverance;reality,extend; mission;disease;disability,territory,sensitive;generous;hesitate 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 contribution 释义：n.贡献 kontrI'bju:fn/ 词汇变形：contribute(v)贡献；contributor(n.)贡献者； contributory(adj.)有助于…的 搭配：make a contribution to./towards对…做出贡献；contribute to促 成，有助于；contribute sth.to把…贡献给 辨析：contribution强调具体或抽象的贡献；donation指金钱或物品 的捐赠。 例句：Every small contribution can make a big difference to the community. 每一个小的贡献都能给社区带来巨大的改变。 relief 释义：n.减轻，缓解：救济 rr'lif/ 词汇变形：relieve(v)缓解，减轻：relieved(adj)感到宽慰的： relieving(adj,)令人减轻的 搭配：to one's relief令某人欣慰的是：relief from从中解脱；relief effort救援工作；in relief浮雕地 辨析：relief指痛苦、压力的减轻；release指释放或解除束缚。 例句：To our relief,the missing child was found safe. 令我们宽慰的是，失踪的孩子被安全找到。 3 shortage 释义：n.短缺，不足 /'fo:trd3/ 词汇变形：shot(adj)短的，不足的；shorten(v,)缩短；shortage为 名词 搭配：a shortage of缺乏；water/food/housing shortage水/食物/ 住房短缺；shortage in在…方面的不足 辨析：shortage强调数量不足；lack可指数量或质量缺失，搭配 ofo 例句：The country is facing a serious water shortage due to drought. 由于干旱，该国正面临严重的水资源短缺。 internal 释义：ad山.内部的：国内的 /in't3nl/ 词汇变形：internally(adv.)内部地；internalize(v)使内化； internalization(n.)内化 搭配：internal affairs内部事务；internal organs内脏；internal conflict内部冲突；internal medicine内科 辨析：internal与external相对：interior侧重空间内部，常作名 词。 例句：The company needs to solve its internal management issues first. 公司需要首先解决其内部管理问题。 effective 释义：ad山.有效的，产生预期效果的 /I'fektrv/ 词汇变形：effect(,)效果；effectively(adv.)有效地；effectiveness (n.)有效性；ineffective(adj)无效的 搭配：be effective in doing sth.做某事有效：take effective measures 采取有效措施；effective immediately立即生效 辨析：effective强调达到预期效果；efficient强调效率高（省时省 力)。 例句：Exercise is an effective way to reduce stress. 锻炼是减轻压力的有效方式。 6 fund 释义：v为…提供资金，资助；n.基金，资金 /fand/ 词汇变形：funding(n.)资金；fundraiser(n.)筹款活动/人；refund (v.h)退款 搭配：fund a project资助项目：raise funds筹集资金；funds for用 于…的资金；in funds有资金 辨析：fnd作动词指提供资金；finance更正式，常指为大型项目融 资。 例句：The charity event aims to fund medical research. 该慈善活动旨在资助医学研究。 recycle 释义：v.再利用，回收利用 /ri:'sarkV 词汇变形：recycling(n.)回收利用：recyclable(adj,)可回收的： recycled(adj)回收的：recycler(n.)回收者 搭配：recycle waste/paper/plastic回收废物/纸/塑料；recycle into回 收制成；recycling bin回收箱 辨析：recycle强调将废弃物再加工；reuse指直接再次使用而不改变 形态。 例句：Many cities have started programs to recycle household waste. 许多城市已经启动了回收家庭垃圾的项目。 donate 释义：v.捐赠，捐献 /dau'nert/ 词汇变形：donation(n.)捐赠；donor(n)捐赠者：donative(adj,)捐 赠的 搭配：donate sth.to向…捐赠某物；donate blood/money/.organs献 血/捐款/捐献器官；donate for为…而捐 辨析：donate通常指捐赠钱物：contribute更广泛，可指贡献时间、 主意等。 例句：The celebrity donated a large sum to the earthquake relief fund 这位名人向地震救济基金捐赠了一大笔钱。 insight 释义：n.领悟，洞察力 /'mnsart/ 词汇变形：insightful(adj.)富有洞察力的；insight into对…的深刻理 解 搭配：gain/get insight into深入了解；provide insight提供见解；a key insight关键见解；an insight into human nature对人性的洞察 辨析：insight强调对事物本质的深刻理解；perception侧重感知能 力。 例句：Traveling abroad can give you valuable insight into different cultures. 出国旅行可以让你对不同文化有宝贵的洞察。 10 perseverance 释义：n.坚持不懈 /,p3:sa'vIarans/ 词汇变形：persevere(v.)坚持；perseverant(adj)坚持的； perseveringly(adv,)坚持不懈地 搭配：perseverance in doing sth.坚持做某事；with perseverance以 毅力；show perseverance表现出毅力 辨析：perseverance强调面对困难不放弃；persistence也可指坚持， 但有时含贬义（固执）。 例句：Through hard work and perseverance,she finally achieved her dream. 通过努力和坚持不懈，她最终实现了梦想。 11 extend 释义：v.延伸：持续：扩大：提供 /ik'stend/ 词汇变形：extension)延伸；延长；extensive(adj)广泛的； extended(ad)延长的；extendable(adj)可延长的 搭配：extend to延伸至；extend one's stay延长停留； extend a hand/help伸出援手；extend an invitation发出邀请 辨析：extend指空间或时间上的延伸；expand指体积或规模扩大。 例句：The deadline has been extended by one week. 截止日期已延长一周。 12 mission 释义：n.使命；任务：代表团 /'mifn/ 词汇变形：missionary(n./adj,)传教士（的）；missioned(adj)有使命 的 搭配：on a mission执行任务；mission statement宗旨声明；space mission太空任务；accomplish/complete a mission完成使命 辨析：mission常指重大、有目标的任务或职责；task更普通，指具 体的工作。 例句：The organization's mission is to protect endangered species,. 该组织的使命是保护濒危物种。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题） 1.The new policy is expected to make a significant contribution the reduction of air pollution. 2. our great relief,the flight was delayed only by ten minutes. 3.There is a serious shortage clean drinking water in some African countries. 4.The (effect)way to learn a language is to practice it every day. 5.The research project is (fund)by a private foundation. 6.We should recycle used paper new products instead of throwing it away. 7.Many people donate money the local orphanage every year 8.The documentary provides deep insight the lives of mountain gorillas 9.With great (persevere),he finally mastered the skill of playing the piano 10.The exhibition will be (extend)for another two weeks due to popular demand. 11.The team's (mission)is to explore the unknown areas of the ocean. 12.The company needs to solve its (intern)problems before expanding abroad (二)单句表达（共8小题） 1.每个公民都应当为环境保护做出自己的贡献。 Every citizen should environmental protection. 2.令我们宽慰的是，所有失踪的登山者都已被找到。 all the missing climbers have been found. 3由于水资源短缺，该地区的人们不得不节约用水。 Because people in this area have to save water. 4政府已经采取了有效措施来控制疫情。 The government has taken to control the epidemic. 5这个项目由当地政府资助，旨在帮助残疾儿童。 The project the local government to help disabled children. 6我们应该回收利用塑料瓶，而不是把它们扔进垃圾桶。 We should plastic bottles them into the trash bin. 7.他的坚持不懈使他最终成为了著名的科学家。 His him to become a famous scientist in the end. 8这次访问加深了我们对这个国家文化的理解。 This visit the culture of this country. (三)短文填空 The "Green Earth"charity organization was founded ten years ago.Its main 1 (mission)is to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.Over the years, it has made great 2 (contribute)to environmental protection,3 (especial) in the field of waste management.One of its most successful programs is the waste recycling project.The project 4 (fund)by both the government and private companies,and it encourages people to recycle household waste.5 our relief,the recycling rate in the city has increased by 30%since the program started.However,there is still a severe (short)of recycling facilities in rural areas.To solve this problem,the organization has taken 7(effect)measures,such as setting up mobile recycling centers.They also donate 8 (recycle)bins to local communities and provide educational materials.The director of the organization,Dr.Li,has been working tirelessly Her 9 (persevere)and deep 10 (insight)into environmental issues have inspired many volunteers.She often says,"We must extend our efforts 11 every corner of the country.Every small step counts.Thanks to the hard work of the organization, more and more people are now aware of the importance of 12 (recycle).The mission to build a greener world is being carried forward step by step 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.to;2.To;3.of;4.effective;5.funded;6.into;7.to;8.into;9.perseverance; 10.extended;11.mission;12.internal (二)单句表达 1.make his/her/their own contribution to;2.To our relief;3.ofa shortage of water; 4.effective measures;5.is funded by;6.recycle;rather than throw;7.perseverance made/helped;8.deepened/gave us insight into (三)短文填空 1.mission;2.contributions;3.especially;4.is funded;5.To;6.shortage;7.effective; 8recycling;9.perseverance;10.insight;11.to;12.recycling