Unit 6 Disaster and hope -2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（外研版）

Unit 6 Disaster and hope 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： disaster,tube;the Tube;plus;erupt;immediately,hurricane;landslide;occur; announcement;forecast;grab;tsunami;reliable;rescue;emergency,typhoon; blizzard;avalanche;exceptionally;claim 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 erupt 释义：v.（火山)爆发，喷发；突然发生 h'rapt/ 词汇变形：eruption(n)爆发，喷发 搭配：eruptinto sth.突然爆发成；erupt with sth.爆发（某种情 绪) 易混辨析：erupt常指火山喷发或冲突、情绪等突然爆发：explode 指爆炸，物理性炸裂：brst指（容器、血管等）破裂，或突然迸发 (大笑、哭泣等) 例句：The volcano erupted after decades of dormancy. 火山在沉寂了数十年后喷发。 Violence erupted in the city center last night. 昨晚市中心爆发了暴力事件。 2 immediately 释义：adv.即刻，马上；comj.一…就… /I'mi:diatli/ 词汇变形：immediate(adj.)立即的；直接的；immediacy(n)即时性 搭配：immediately after/before在…之后/之前立即；immediately+ 从句一…就·（相当于as soon as) 例句：He responded immediately to the emergency. 他立即对紧急情况做出了回应。 I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一见到她就认出了她。 3 occur 释义：v.发生；出现；被想到 'k3:⑩/ 词汇变形：occurrence(n.)发生的事事件：occurred(过去式/过去 分词)；occurring(现在分词) 搭配：occur to sb.(想法等)被某人想到；occr+地点/时间（发 生) 辨析：occur较正式，常指偶然或计划中的事件发生；happen普通 用词，指偶然或必然发生：take place常指按计划发生 例句：，Such accidents occur frequently in this area.. 这类事故在这个地区经常发生。 It never occurred to me to ask for help 我从未想到过要寻求帮助。 announcement 释义：n.通告，公告：宣布 /a'naunsmant/ 词汇变形：announce(v)宣布；announcer(m,)播音员，广播员 搭配：make an announcement发布通告；official announcement官 方公告；announcement of/about..…的通告 例句：The school made an announcement about the exam schedule 学校发布了关于考试安排的通知。 The announcement of the winner was met with cheers. 获胜者的宣布迎来了欢呼声。 forecast 释义：v.&n.预测，预报 /'foka:st/ 词汇变形：forecaster(n)预报员；forecasted(过去式/过去分词，也 可用forecast) 搭配：weather forecast天气预报；forecast that..预测： economic forecast经济预测 辨析：forecast侧重根据数据或经验进行科学预测；predict较普通， 可凭直觉或推理；predict后接不定式少见，多用hat从句 例句：It is forecast that the hurricane will hit the coast tomorrow. 据预报，飓风明天将袭击海岸。 The forecast calls for heavy rain. 预报称有大雨。 grab 释义：v.攫取，抓住：匆忙做；吸引（注意力） /graeb/ 词汇变形：grabber(n.)抢夺者；引人注意的事物 搭配：grab at/for sth.试图抓住；grab a bite((toeat)随便吃点东西； grab sb.'s attention吸引某人的注意 辨析：gIab指突然、猛地抓住，强调动作快：seize指用力抓住，常 含夺取、占据之意：snatch指突然抢走 例句：He grabbed my arm to stop me from falling. 他抓住我的胳膊以防我摔倒。 Grab your coatwe're leaving. 拿起你的外套一一我们要走了。 reliable 释义：adj.可信赖的，可靠的 TI'laiabl/ 词汇变形：rely(v)依赖，信任；reliability()可靠性；unreliable (ad)不可靠的 搭配：reliable source可靠来源；reliable information可靠信息；be reliable in doing sth.做某事可靠 例句：This news comes from a reliable source. 这条消息来自可靠来源。 She is a reliable worker who never lets us down. 她是一位可靠的员工，从不让大家失望。 8 rescue 释义：n.&v.营救，解救 /'reskju/ 词汇变形：rescuer(n)救援者 搭配：rescue..from..从…中救出；come to sb.s rescue 前来救援 某人；rescue mission救援任务 辨析：rescue强调从危险中救出；save普通用词，也指挽救、节 省；relief指减轻痛苦、救济 例句：The firefighters rescued the family from the burning building. 消防员将一家人从燃烧的大楼中救出。 A passer-by came to his rescue 一名路人前来救他。 9 emergency 释义：n.紧急情况，不测事件 /I'm3:d3ansi/ 词汇变形：emergent(adj)紧急的；突然出现的（较正式）； emergency本身也可作形容词（如emergency room) 搭配：in an emergency在紧急情况下；emergency room(ER)急诊 室；emergency exit紧急出口；state of emergency紧急状态 例句：You should dial911 in an emergency 在紧急情况下你应该拨打911。 The government declared a state of emergency after the floods 洪水过后政府宣布了紧急状态。 10 typhoon 释义：n.台风 /tar'fu:n/ 词汇变形：typhonic(adj,)台风的（罕用） 搭配：a typhoon warning台风警报；typhoon-affected areas受台风 影响的地区 辨析：ty phoon指西北太平洋地区的热带气旋；hurricane指大西洋 及东北太平洋地区的：cyclone指南太平洋及印度洋地区的 例句：The typhoon caused severe damage to the coastal city. 台风给沿海城市造成了严重破坏。 The flight was canceled due to the approaching typhoon 由于台风逼近，航班被取消。 11 exceptionally 释义：adv.极其，非常；例外地 /ik'sepfonali/ 词汇变形：exceptional(adj)异常的，杰出的：exception(n,)例外 搭配：exceptionally good/bad极好/极坏；exceptionally+形容词 例句：This year's harvest was exceptionally large. 今年的收成格外大。 The weather is exceptionally hot for April. 四月份的天气异常炎热。 12 claim 释义：v.(根据权利)要求，索取；声称；夺去（生命）；n.声 /klem/ 称；索赔 词汇变形：claimant(m)索赔人，声称者；nclaimed(adj)无人认领 的 搭配：claim to do sth.声称做某事；claim responsibility for声称 对…负责：claim one's life夺去某人的生命（指事故、疾病等） 辨析：claim(声称)后接不定式或that从句；announce(宣布)指 公开告知；declare(宣布)常指正式、权威地声明 例句：The earthquake claimed thousands of lives.. 地震夺走了数千人的生命。 He claims to have seen the accident. 他声称目睹了那场事故。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） 1.It never (occur)to me that he might be lying 2.The volcano (erupt)twice in the last century,causing great destruction. 3.The government made an (announce)that all schools would be closed due to the snowstorm 4.He grabbed my arm (prevent)me from stepping into the road 5.We need to find a more (rely)source of information before making a decision 6.The (emergency)services arrived at the scene within minutes. 7.The weather (forecast)heavy rain for the next three days 8.She (immediate)realized her mistake and apologized 9.The hurricane (claim)dozens oflives along the coast. 10.The boy was (rescue)from the river by a brave passer-by. 11.This is an (exception)difficult exam;only a few students passed. 12.The typhoon weakened it approached the land. 13.The rescue team is training hard (prepare)for any emergency. 14.He grabbed a sandwich and hurried out, (catch)the bus. 15.Itis _(occur)to me that we should contact the authorities first. (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示，用本单元核心词汇/短语完成句子） 1地震发生时，人们立即跑出了建筑物： When the earthquake occurred,people ran out of the building 2她声称自己从未收到那封通知。 She never the announcement. 3这次火山喷发导致数千人无家可归 The left thousands of people homeless. 4.天气预报说周末将有一场暴风雪。 The that there will be a blizzard at the weekend. 5.紧急情况下，请拨打110。 Please dial 110 6他抓住绳子，把自己拉了上来。 He the rope and pulled himself up. 7这台机器极其可靠，几乎从不发生故障。 This machine is almost never breaking down. 8这场灾难夺走了至少200人的生命。 The disaster at least 200 people. (三)短文填空 Last summer,a terrible typhoon 1 (occur)in our coastal city.The weather forecast had2 (warn)us days before,but few people took it seriously.When the typhoon 3 (arrive),it brought extremely strong winds and heavy rain.Many trees fell down, and the power was cut off 4 (immediate).In such an 5 (emergency),the local government made an 6 (announce)asking everyone to stay indoors.The rescue team worked day and night to 7 (rescue)those trapped in damaged houses.It was an 8 (exception)difficult task because of the flooding.One brave man,Mr.Li, 9 (grab)a rope and jumped into the flood to save a child.His action 10 (claim)the life of the child's mother who had already drowned,but he managed to pull the child to safety.The local newspaper later reported that Mr.Li was a 11 (rely)man who always helped others.The typhoon 12 (land)finally passed,but it 13 (claim)15 lives and caused millions of dollars in damage.It never 14 (occur)to us that such a disaster could happen here.Now we have learned that we should always trust the 15 (forecast)and be prepared. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.occurred;2.erupted;3.announcement;4.to prevent;5.reliable;6.emergency; 7.forecast/forecasted;8.immediately;9.claimed;10.rescued;11.exceptionally; 12.as/when;13.to prepare;14.to catch;15.occurring (二)单句表达 1immediately;2.claims;to have received;3.volcanic eruption;4.weather forecast says; 5.in an emergency;6.grabbed at/for;7.exceptionally reliable;8.claimed the lives of (三)短文填空 1.occurred;2.warned;3.arived;4.immediately;5.emergency;6.announcement; 7.rescue;8.exceptionally;9.grabbed;10.had claimed;11reliable;12.finally; 13.claimed;14.occurred;15.forecast