Unit 6 Period 2 Using language（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语外研版必修第三册

外研版必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope Period 2 Using language（导学案） 1. 掌握本单元自然灾害相关重点单词（drought, typhoon, earthquake等），明确词性、高考常见用法，能完成基础词汇应用练习； 2. 理解并掌握本单元4种核心语法点（定语从句、with复合结构、非谓语动词、被动语态），通过多种练习熟练运用，适配高考题型； 3. 能分析教材中长难句的结构，准确翻译并仿写，提升阅读理解和书面表达能力； 4. 结合教材原文和练习题，巩固自然灾害相关话题知识，能运用所学进行简单对话和书面表达。。 一、基础词汇记忆 1. /draʊt/ n. ___________（干旱） 2. /taɪˈfuːn/ n. ___________（台风） 3. /ˈblɪzəd/ n. ___________（暴风雪） 4. /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. ___________（海啸） 5. /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. ___________（野火） 6. /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ n. ___________（雪崩） 7. /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. ___________（地震） 8. /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. ___________（紧急情况） 9. /ˈreskjuː/ v. & n. ___________（救援） 二、词块记忆 1. 8.1级地震 ___________ 2. 紧急救援 ___________ 3. 国际救援队 ___________ 4. 由……组成 ___________ 5. 造成重大损失 ___________ 6. 极端天气 ___________ 7. 天气预报 ___________ 8. 气温水平 ___________ Part 1Using language 【知识梳理1】emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况；突发事件 adj. 紧急的 【常用搭配】 emergency aid紧急救援 in an emergency在紧急情况下 emergency measures紧急措施 【即学即练】 1. China provided ________ (emergency) aid to Nepal after the earthquake.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 2. We should keep calm when we are in an ________.（根据句意填单词） 3. 翻译句子：政府迅速组织了紧急救援来帮助受灾群众。（汉译英，用上emergency aid） 4. 完成短语：________ measures（紧急措施） 【知识梳理2】rescue /ˈreskjuː/ v. 营救；救援 n. 救援；营救 【常用搭配】 rescue team救援队 rescue efforts救援行动 rescue sb. from...从……中营救某人 【即学即练】 1. The China International Search and Rescue Team ________ (rescue) many people after the earthquake.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 2. The ________ team arrived in the disaster area within 24 hours.（根据句意填单词） 3. 翻译句子：消防员成功从燃烧的大楼中救出了所有被困人员。（汉译英，用上rescue...from...） 4. 完成短语：rescue ________（救援行动） 【知识梳理3】省略 【讲解】省略是高考常考语法点，核心作用是避免句子重复、使表达更简洁，本单元重点结合自然灾害相关语境，考查以下3种高频省略情况，均贴合教材原句和高考考查方向： 1. 状语从句中的省略：适用于时间、条件、让步、原因状语从句（引导词常见when、while、if、though、because等），满足两个条件即可省略：① 主从句主语一致；② 从句中含有be动词（am、is、are、was、were）。此时可省略从句的主语和be动词；若从句主语是it，且含be动词，也可省略it和be动词。 2. 不定式中的省略：当不定式短语在句中重复出现，且前面已有实义动词（如want、hope、try、decide等）时，可省略不定式符号to后的动词，只保留to；若前面是情态动词（can、will、may等）或助动词have，不定式符号to也可省略。 【高考示例】The rescuer tried to save the trapped people, but he failed to (save them).（省略重复的save the trapped people）；He can help the victims, and we will too (help the victims).（省略重复的help the victims） 3. 并列句中的省略：两个并列分句结构一致、主语或谓语重复时，可省略后一分句中重复的部分，避免冗余，多出现于短文改错和语法填空。 【高考示例】The typhoon destroyed many houses and (the typhoon) caused great loss.（省略后一分句重复的主语the typhoon）；Some rescuers are busy saving people, and others (are busy) providing emergency aid.（省略后一分句重复的are busy） 【即学即练】 1. When ________ (ask) about the rescue work, the team leader said it was going well.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 2. If ________ (necessary), we will send more emergency aid to the disaster area.（根据句意填单词） 3. Although he was tired, the rescuer continued to work. → Although ________, the rescuer continued to work.. 【知识梳理4】长难句分析 长难句1：The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015, was one of the worst earthquakes in history. 【结构拆解】 1. 主句： ； 2. 定语从句： 。 【翻译】 。 【仿写】2011年袭击东非的干旱是60年来最严重的一次。（用that引导定语从句） 长难句2：Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts. 【结构拆解】 1. 现在分词短语作状语： ； 2. 主句： 。 【翻译】 。 【仿写】这支志愿者队伍由30人组成，不仅包括学生，还包括教师。（用consisting of作状语） 长难句3：Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives. 【结构拆解】 1. 过去分词短语作原因状语： ； 2. 主句： 。 【翻译】 。 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．If ____________ (冰冻), bananas will last several weeks. 2．Different cultures living in peace will make the whole society more ________ (靠谱的).   3．Dogs have been very helpful in ________ (救援) efforts on land. 4．At their worst, they may ________ (威胁) to take their children out of college or cut off funds. 5．________ (罕见), students may be accepted without formal qualification. 6．Heart disease is the biggest killer, _________ (夺取) 180,000 lives a year.. 二、汉译英 1．尽管被诊断出患有抑郁，但在家人帮助下，他最终战胜了病魔。(diagnose) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．当快要耗尽食物和水的时候，他们决定联系救援队。（run out of，状语从句的省略） ___________________________________________________________________ 3．这位运动员在反思成长历程时坦言，长年累月的反复试错塑造了她宠辱不惊的心态，最终在冬奥会上夺 冠。 (shape) _____________________________________________________________ 4．一项营救探险者的勇敢尝试，正在由专业的救援队进行。 (现在进行时被动语态) _______________________________________________________________________________ 5．如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6．这些濒危物种正受到非法狩猎的威胁。（现在进行时的被动语态，threaten） _________________________________________________________ 3、 语法填空 In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most 1 (destroy) hurricanes in American history, hit the south-eastern parts of the country. It began on August 23, 2 (cause) only slight damage in the beginning. But it soon grew to be 3 Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and caused severe damage along its path. New Orleans, a city that was built largely below sea level, was worst hit. In reaction 4 the coming hurricane, the city government gave an order to clear the city of all 5 (resident). However, many stayed in the city. Some of them chose to stay because they believed that the city’s defense system would keep them safe and sound, 6 others were unable to leave because they had no access to transport. The defense system finally failed. As a result, 80% of the city 7 (flood). People 8 (trap) in the city had no power, food, or drinking water, 9 (anxious) waiting for rescue. The hurricane died away on August 31st, 10 led to nearly 2,000 deaths, and left millions of people homeless. 一、完形填空 The scary flood came on July 15, 2021. Yet I can never go back to live in my home because I just keep thinking: what if it does happen again? Earlier in the day I had 1 for the unlikely event of a flood. It had been raining that week, and authorities had issued a flood 2 , though not for where I was. Still, I’d placed 3 on the floor outside my garden door in case of the flooding water. Before my friends left, they laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why take a 4 ? It was after midnight when I was awakened by the 5 sound of rushing water as if I were lying beside a waterfall instead of in my bedroom. I thought it could be a burst pipe. Trembling and in darkness, I grabbed my cell phone and turned on the flashlight. It wasn’t a burst pipe at all! Instead, water was 6 up through the gaps of the garden door. The water must have breached the sandbags. All around me, my things — chairs and lamps — began to 7 . I began to panic. The Ahr, usually such a quiet river, had 8 its banks. And now I had to get out — fast! It was pouring. In bare feet, I started to walk to my only 9 : the door that leads upstairs to the ground. All around me, things were breaking — the lamps were cracking, the cupboards were being 10 ． Finally, I 11 it to the door. I tried to push it open, but the 12 of the water wouldn’t let me. I tried several times, but the wild water slammed it shut again. I grabbed everything to open the door, and finally, in darkness, I leaped onto the stairs and ran outside 13 . What was once a lovely, cozy street was now a 14 , with floating trash and trees instead of people and cars. The river had drowned the neighborhood — and if I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned along with it. Don’t remember the day when you lost everything. Remember the day when you 15 . 1．A．prepared B．waited C．come D．shopped 2．A．map B．notice C．story D．warning 3．A．sandbags B．clothes C．boxes D．tools 4．A．chance B．risk C．break D．step 5．A．occasional B．wild C．natural D．faint 6．A．clearing B．shooting C．gathering D．flowing 7．A．change B．crash C．float D．disappear 8．A．approached B．burst C．occupied D．covered 9．A．gate B．position C．escape D．entrance 10．A．torn apart B．replaced with C．fixed up D．removed away 11．A．left B．took C．attached D．made 12．A．force B．course C．source D．surface 13．A．tirelessly B．helplessly C．awkwardly D．impatiently 14．A．mess B．field C．shelter D．habitat 15．A．suffered B．survived C．returned D．won 二、书信写作 16．假定你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“How to Deal with Natural Disasters”的演讲活动，请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下： 1. 自然灾害造成的损失惨重； 2. 应掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备； 3. 自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、思维提升-观点分享 1.According to the passage and your life experience, why can’t humans completely stop natural disasters from happening? 2.What effective measures can we take to reduce the harm caused by natural disasters? 3.From China’s rescue efforts in Nepal, what role does international cooperation play in facing disasters? 五、思维提升-书面表达 结合本单元自然灾害话题，运用所学单词、语法和长难句结构，完成以下作业： 1. 基础版（80词左右）：简单介绍一种你熟悉的自然灾害（如地震、台风），说明其危害，至少用上3个本单元重点单词和1种核心语法。 2. 提升版（120词左右）：结合教材中中国对尼泊尔的救援行动，谈谈你对“灾难与希望”的理解，至少用上5个本单元重点单词、2种核心语法，包含1个长难句结构。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope Period 2 Using language（导学案） 1. 掌握本单元自然灾害相关重点单词（drought, typhoon, earthquake等），明确词性、高考常见用法，能完成基础词汇应用练习； 2. 理解并掌握本单元4种核心语法点（定语从句、with复合结构、非谓语动词、被动语态），通过多种练习熟练运用，适配高考题型； 3. 能分析教材中长难句的结构，准确翻译并仿写，提升阅读理解和书面表达能力； 4. 结合教材原文和练习题，巩固自然灾害相关话题知识，能运用所学进行简单对话和书面表达。。 一、基础词汇记忆 1. /draʊt/ n. ___________（干旱） 2. /taɪˈfuːn/ n. ___________（台风） 3. /ˈblɪzəd/ n. ___________（暴风雪） 4. /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. ___________（海啸） 5. /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. ___________（野火） 6. /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ n. ___________（雪崩） 7. /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. ___________（地震） 8. /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. ___________（紧急情况） 9. /ˈreskjuː/ v. & n. ___________（救援） 【答案】 1. drought 2. typhoon 3. blizzard 4. tsunami 5. wildfire 6. avalanche 7. earthquake 8. emergency 9. rescue 二、词块记忆 1. 8.1级地震 ___________ 2. 紧急救援 ___________ 3. 国际救援队 ___________ 4. 由……组成 ___________ 5. 造成重大损失 ___________ 6. 极端天气 ___________ 7. 天气预报 ___________ 8. 气温水平 ___________ 【答案】 1. 8.1-magnitude earthquake 2. emergency aid 3. international rescue team 4. consist of 5. cause severe loss 6. extreme weather conditions 7. weather forecast 8. temperature levels Part 1Using language 【知识梳理1】emergency /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况；突发事件 adj. 紧急的 【常用搭配】 emergency aid紧急救援 in an emergency在紧急情况下 emergency measures紧急措施 【即学即练】 1. China provided ________ (emergency) aid to Nepal after the earthquake.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 2. We should keep calm when we are in an ________.（根据句意填单词） 3. 翻译句子：政府迅速组织了紧急救援来帮助受灾群众。（汉译英，用上emergency aid） 4. 完成短语：________ measures（紧急措施） 【答案】 1. emergency 2. emergency 3. The government quickly organised emergency aid to help the people affected by the disaster. 4. emergency. 【知识梳理2】rescue /ˈreskjuː/ v. 营救；救援 n. 救援；营救 【常用搭配】 rescue team救援队 rescue efforts救援行动 rescue sb. from...从……中营救某人 【即学即练】 1. The China International Search and Rescue Team ________ (rescue) many people after the earthquake.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 2. The ________ team arrived in the disaster area within 24 hours.（根据句意填单词） 3. 翻译句子：消防员成功从燃烧的大楼中救出了所有被困人员。（汉译英，用上rescue...from...） 4. 完成短语：rescue ________（救援行动） 【答案】 1. rescued 2. rescue 3. Firefighters successfully rescued all the trapped people from the burning building. 4. efforts. 【知识梳理3】省略 【讲解】省略是高考常考语法点，核心作用是避免句子重复、使表达更简洁，本单元重点结合自然灾害相关语境，考查以下3种高频省略情况，均贴合教材原句和高考考查方向： 1. 状语从句中的省略：适用于时间、条件、让步、原因状语从句（引导词常见when、while、if、though、because等），满足两个条件即可省略：① 主从句主语一致；② 从句中含有be动词（am、is、are、was、were）。此时可省略从句的主语和be动词；若从句主语是it，且含be动词，也可省略it和be动词。 2. 不定式中的省略：当不定式短语在句中重复出现，且前面已有实义动词（如want、hope、try、decide等）时，可省略不定式符号to后的动词，只保留to；若前面是情态动词（can、will、may等）或助动词have，不定式符号to也可省略。 【高考示例】The rescuer tried to save the trapped people, but he failed to (save them).（省略重复的save the trapped people）；He can help the victims, and we will too (help the victims).（省略重复的help the victims） 3. 并列句中的省略：两个并列分句结构一致、主语或谓语重复时，可省略后一分句中重复的部分，避免冗余，多出现于短文改错和语法填空。 【高考示例】The typhoon destroyed many houses and (the typhoon) caused great loss.（省略后一分句重复的主语the typhoon）；Some rescuers are busy saving people, and others (are busy) providing emergency aid.（省略后一分句重复的are busy） 【即学即练】 1. When ________ (ask) about the rescue work, the team leader said it was going well.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 2. If ________ (necessary), we will send more emergency aid to the disaster area.（根据句意填单词） 3. Although he was tired, the rescuer continued to work. → Although ________, the rescuer continued to work.. 【答案】1. asked 2. necessary 3. tired 【知识梳理4】长难句分析 长难句1：The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015, was one of the worst earthquakes in history. 【结构拆解】 1. 主句： ； 2. 定语从句： 。 【翻译】 。 【仿写】2011年袭击东非的干旱是60年来最严重的一次。（用that引导定语从句） 【答案】 【结构拆解】 1. 主句：The 8.1-magnitude earthquake（主语）was（系动词）one of the worst earthquakes in history（表语）； 2. 定语从句：that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015（修饰先行词earthquake，that在从句中作主语，hit是谓语，Nepal是宾语，on 25 April 2015是时间状语）。 【翻译】2015年4月25日袭击尼泊尔的8.1级地震，是历史上最严重的地震之一。 【仿写】The drought that struck East Africa in 2011 was the worst in 60 years. 长难句2：Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts. 【结构拆解】 1. 现在分词短语作状语： ； 2. 主句： 。 【翻译】 。 【仿写】这支志愿者队伍由30人组成，不仅包括学生，还包括教师。（用consisting of作状语） 【答案】 【结构拆解】 1. 现在分词短语作状语：Consisting of 62 people（逻辑主语是it，Consisting与it是主动关系，表伴随）； 2. 主句：it（主语，指代中国国际救援队）not only included...but also included...（谓语，“不仅包括……而且包括……”结构），rescuers and medical staff和earthquake experts是宾语。 【翻译】该救援队由62人组成，不仅包括救援人员和医护人员，还包括地震专家。 【仿写】Consisting of 30 people, this volunteer team not only includes students, but also includes teachers. 长难句3：Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives. 【结构拆解】 1. 过去分词短语作原因状语： ； 2. 主句： 。 【翻译】 。 【答案】 【结构拆解】 1. 过去分词短语作原因状语：Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time（逻辑主语是they，Caused与they是被动关系，表原因）； 2. 主句：they（主语，指代雪崩）destroyed（谓语1）buildings and forests（宾语1）, and claimed（谓语2）over 256 lives（宾语2），是并列谓语结构。 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．If ____________ (冰冻), bananas will last several weeks. 2．Different cultures living in peace will make the whole society more ________ (靠谱的).   3．Dogs have been very helpful in ________ (救援) efforts on land. 4．At their worst, they may ________ (威胁) to take their children out of college or cut off funds. 5．________ (罕见), students may be accepted without formal qualification. 6．Heart disease is the biggest killer, _________ (夺取) 180,000 lives a year.. 【答案】1．frozen2．reliable3．rescue4．threaten5．Exceptionally6．claiming 二、汉译英 1．尽管被诊断出患有抑郁，但在家人帮助下，他最终战胜了病魔。(diagnose) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．当快要耗尽食物和水的时候，他们决定联系救援队。（run out of，状语从句的省略） ___________________________________________________________________ 3．这位运动员在反思成长历程时坦言，长年累月的反复试错塑造了她宠辱不惊的心态，最终在冬奥会上夺 冠。 (shape) _____________________________________________________________ 4．一项营救探险者的勇敢尝试，正在由专业的救援队进行。 (现在进行时被动语态) _______________________________________________________________________________ 5．如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6．这些濒危物种正受到非法狩猎的威胁。（现在进行时的被动语态，threaten） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Although diagnosed with depression, he eventually overcame the illness with the help of his family. 2．When running out of food and water, they decided to contact the rescue team. 3．When reflecting on her growth journey, the athlete frankly admitted that years of repeated trial and error had shaped her calm and composed attitude, and eventually she won the gold medal at the Winter Olympics. 4．A brave attempt to rescue the explorers is being carried out by a professional rescue team. 5．These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 6．These endangered species are being threatened by illegal hunting. 3、 语法填空 In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most 1 (destroy) hurricanes in American history, hit the south-eastern parts of the country. It began on August 23, 2 (cause) only slight damage in the beginning. But it soon grew to be 3 Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and caused severe damage along its path. New Orleans, a city that was built largely below sea level, was worst hit. In reaction 4 the coming hurricane, the city government gave an order to clear the city of all 5 (resident). However, many stayed in the city. Some of them chose to stay because they believed that the city’s defense system would keep them safe and sound, 6 others were unable to leave because they had no access to transport. The defense system finally failed. As a result, 80% of the city 7 (flood). People 8 (trap) in the city had no power, food, or drinking water, 9 (anxious) waiting for rescue. The hurricane died away on August 31st, 10 led to nearly 2,000 deaths, and left millions of people homeless. 【答案】 1．destructive 2．causing 3．a 4．to 5．residents 6．while 7．was flooded 8．trapped 9．anxiously 10．which 一、完形填空 The scary flood came on July 15, 2021. Yet I can never go back to live in my home because I just keep thinking: what if it does happen again? Earlier in the day I had 1 for the unlikely event of a flood. It had been raining that week, and authorities had issued a flood 2 , though not for where I was. Still, I’d placed 3 on the floor outside my garden door in case of the flooding water. Before my friends left, they laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why take a 4 ? It was after midnight when I was awakened by the 5 sound of rushing water as if I were lying beside a waterfall instead of in my bedroom. I thought it could be a burst pipe. Trembling and in darkness, I grabbed my cell phone and turned on the flashlight. It wasn’t a burst pipe at all! Instead, water was 6 up through the gaps of the garden door. The water must have breached the sandbags. All around me, my things — chairs and lamps — began to 7 . I began to panic. The Ahr, usually such a quiet river, had 8 its banks. And now I had to get out — fast! It was pouring. In bare feet, I started to walk to my only 9 : the door that leads upstairs to the ground. All around me, things were breaking — the lamps were cracking, the cupboards were being 10 ． Finally, I 11 it to the door. I tried to push it open, but the 12 of the water wouldn’t let me. I tried several times, but the wild water slammed it shut again. I grabbed everything to open the door, and finally, in darkness, I leaped onto the stairs and ran outside 13 . What was once a lovely, cozy street was now a 14 , with floating trash and trees instead of people and cars. The river had drowned the neighborhood — and if I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned along with it. Don’t remember the day when you lost everything. Remember the day when you 15 . 1．A．prepared B．waited C．come D．shopped 2．A．map B．notice C．story D．warning 3．A．sandbags B．clothes C．boxes D．tools 4．A．chance B．risk C．break D．step 5．A．occasional B．wild C．natural D．faint 6．A．clearing B．shooting C．gathering D．flowing 7．A．change B．crash C．float D．disappear 8．A．approached B．burst C．occupied D．covered 9．A．gate B．position C．escape D．entrance 10．A．torn apart B．replaced with C．fixed up D．removed away 11．A．left B．took C．attached D．made 12．A．force B．course C．source D．surface 13．A．tirelessly B．helplessly C．awkwardly D．impatiently 14．A．mess B．field C．shelter D．habitat 15．A．suffered B．survived C．returned D．won 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】文章讲述了作者在洪水来临前做了准备，深夜被湍急水声惊醒后艰难逃生的惊险经历，并从中感悟到要铭记自己幸存下来的那一天。 1．考查动词。句意：那天早些时候，我为不太可能发生的洪水做了准备。A. prepared准备；B. waited等待；C. come来；D. shopped购物。根据下文“I’d placed on the floor outside my garden door in case of the flooding water”可知，作者为应对洪水做“准备”。 2．考查名词。句意：那周一直在下雨，当局发布了洪水预警，但并不是针对我所在的地区。A. map地图；B. notice通知；C. story故事；D. warning警告。根据上文“authorities had issued a flood”和洪水来临的语境，当局发布的是洪水“预警”。 3．考查名词。句意：尽管如此，我还是在花园门外的地板上放了沙袋，以防洪水涌入。A. sandbags沙袋；B. clothes衣服；C. boxes盒子；D. tools工具。根据下文“The water must have breached the sandbags”可知，作者放置的是“沙袋”。 4．考查名词。句意：在我的朋友们离开之前，他们嘲笑我这样做，但我想，为什么要冒险呢？A. chance机会；B. risk风险；C. break休息；D. step步骤。根据上文“authorities had issued a flood ____, though not for where I was.”和“I’d placed on the floor outside my garden door in case of the flooding water.”可推知，尽管洪水预警并不针对作者所在地区，但作者还是做了一些准备工作，说明作者认为没必要“冒险”；take a risk意为“冒险”。 5．考查形容词。句意：午夜过后，我被汹涌的流水声惊醒，仿佛我躺在瀑布边而不是卧室里。A. occasional偶尔的；B. wild狂野的，汹涌的；C. natural自然的；D. faint微弱的。根据下文“as if I were lying beside a waterfall”可知，仿佛我躺在瀑布边,水声应该是“汹涌的”。 6．考查动词。句意：相反，水正从花园门的缝隙中喷射进来。A. clearing清理；B. shooting喷射，急速流动；C. gathering聚集；D. flowing流动。根据上文“as if I were lying beside a waterfall”和“I thought it could be a burst pipe.”和后文“It was pouring.”可知，水流很大，来得很急，是“喷射”进来的。 7．考查动词。句意：我周围的东西——椅子和台灯——开始漂浮起来。A. change改变；B. crash碰撞；C. float漂浮；D. disappear消失。根据上文“The water must have breached the sandbags.”可知，洪水涌入，物品应该在水中“漂浮”起来。 8．考查动词。句意：Ahr河，通常是一条非常安静的河流，已经决堤了。A. approached接近；B. burst爆发，决口；C. occupied占据；D. covered覆盖。根据后文“And now I had to get out — fast! It was pouring.”可知，河水大量涌入，说明河岸“决堤”了。 9．考查名词。句意：我光着脚，开始走向我唯一的逃生通道：通往楼上地面的门。A. gate大门；B. position位置；C. escape逃脱，逃生通道；D. entrance入口。根据下文的解释“the door that leads upstairs to the ground”可知，通往楼上地面的门是作者唯一的“逃生通道”。 10．考查动词短语。句意：在我周围，东西都在碎裂——灯具裂开了，橱柜被撕碎。A. torn apart撕碎；B. replaced with被替换；C. fixed up修理；D. removed away移走。根据上文“All around me, things were breaking”可知，这里描写的是洪水破坏家具的场景，橱柜应是被洪水“撕碎”。 11．考查动词。句意：最后，我成功到了那扇门。A. left离开；B. took拿走；C. attached附上；D. made成功到达。根据上文“Finally, I”和下文“I tried to push it open”可知，作者“成功到达”了门的位置；make it to是固定短语，意为“成功到达”。 12．考查名词。句意：我试着推开门，但水的力量不让我推开。A. force力量；B. course路线；C. source来源；D. surface表面。根据下文“wouldn’t let me”以及“the wild water slammed it shut”可知，是水的“力量”太大，所以作者推不开。 13．考查副词。句意：我抓起所有能抓到的东西去打开门，最后，在黑暗中，我跳上楼梯，无助地跑到了外面。A. tirelessly不知疲倦地；B. helplessly无助地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据上文作者在黑暗中、洪水中的绝望处境，以及“leaped onto the stairs”的仓促动作，她“无助地”跑向外面。 14．考查名词。句意：曾经是一条可爱、舒适的街道，现在变成了一片狼藉。A. mess杂乱，狼藉；B. field田野；C. shelter避难所；D. habitat栖息地。根据下文“with floating trash and trees instead of people and cars”可知，街道变成了一片“狼藉”。 15．考查动词。句意：记住你幸存下来的那一天。A. suffered遭受；B. survived幸存；C. returned返回；D. won赢。根据上文“and if I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned along with it”与前文作者成功逃脱的经历形成对比，全文强调的是“幸存”。 二、书信写作 16．假定你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“How to Deal with Natural Disasters”的演讲活动，请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下： 1. 自然灾害造成的损失惨重； 2. 应掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备； 3. 自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Good morning, everyone! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      Good morning, everyone! Today I want to talk about how to deal with natural disasters. Natural disasters can happen at any time. They often cause a heavy loss of life and damage. How should we deal with them? First of all, we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters and make adequate preparations for them. Secondly, when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. As the old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others. Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份以主题“How to Deal with Natural Disasters”写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】  1. 词汇积累 处理：deal with → address 引起：cause → give rise to 充分的：adequate → sufficient 镇静的：calm→ composed 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Natural disasters can happen at any time. 拓展句：Natural disasters, which can cause great damage, can happen at any time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Secondly, when natural disasters really happen, we should have a firm belief and unite to fight against them. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. (运用了“Only+状语”位于句首的部分倒装结构) 四、思维提升-观点分享 1.According to the passage and your life experience, why can’t humans completely stop natural disasters from happening? 2.What effective measures can we take to reduce the harm caused by natural disasters? 3.From China’s rescue efforts in Nepal, what role does international cooperation play in facing disasters? 【答案】 1.Most natural disasters are caused by natural forces such as the Earth’s internal movement, atmospheric circulation and climate change, which are beyond human control. 2.We can strengthen disaster monitoring and forecasting, build stronger buildings, popularize disaster prevention knowledge, and prepare emergency supplies in advance. 3.International cooperation can provide timely rescue teams, medical support and emergency aid, helping disaster-stricken areas overcome difficulties quickly. 【答案】 1.Keeping a positive attitude and believing that difficulties will pass also help me stay hopeful. Just like the author, small beautiful moments in life can light up hope. 2.We should not give up when facing disasters. Even if we lose something important, we should be optimistic and brave to start over. 五、思维提升-书面表达 结合本单元自然灾害话题，运用所学单词、语法和长难句结构，完成以下作业： 1. 基础版（80词左右）：简单介绍一种你熟悉的自然灾害（如地震、台风），说明其危害，至少用上3个本单元重点单词和1种核心语法。 2. 提升版（120词左右）：结合教材中中国对尼泊尔的救援行动，谈谈你对“灾难与希望”的理解，至少用上5个本单元重点单词、2种核心语法，包含1个长难句结构。 【参考范文】 基础版： A typhoon is a terrible natural disaster. It often brings strong winds and heavy rain, which can cause severe floods and destroy many houses. In 1881, a strong typhoon struck Haiphong, killing up to 300,000 citizens. When a typhoon comes, we should stay indoors and listen to the latest weather forecasts to keep safe. 提升版： Disasters are terrible, but they always bring hope. The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal in 2015 caused great damage, leaving many people homeless. However, China was quick to provide emergency aid, and the China International Search and Rescue Team, consisting of 62 people, arrived first to rescue the trapped people. By early May, a lot of emergency aid had been donated by China, bringing hope to the Nepalese people. This shows that in the face of disasters, international cooperation can help us get through difficulties together. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $