Unit 1 School Life-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第一册（沪外版）

Unit 1 School Life 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： assignment related;creative;stare;blank;sheet;essay;actually;fiction; distant alien ignore beg sort rather correct harsh Peabody 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 assignment 释义：n.(分派的)任务 /a'sainmant/ 词汇变形：assign()分配，指派；assignable(adj,)可分配的 搭配：give/hand out an assignment布置任务；complete/finish an assignment完成任务；assignment for sth.有关…的任务 辨析：task更泛指一般任务，assignment常指学校或工作中明确分 派的任务，强调指令性。 例句：The teacher gave us a challenging assignment on environmental protection. 老师给了我们一个关于环境保护的具有挑战性的任务。 related 释义：adj.相关的：有联系的 /rI'lertrd/ 词汇变形：relate(v.)联系；讲叙；relation(n)关系；relationship (n.)关系；relative(adj.n)相对的/亲戚：nrelated(adj)不相关的 搭配：be related to与…有关；closely related紧密相关的；related matters相关事宜 辨析：relevant强调“切题的”，related强调“有联系”，不一定是 直接切题。 例句：His research is closely related to climate change. 他的研究与气候变化密切相关。 3 creative 释义：adj.创造性的：创作的 /kri'eitry/ 词汇变形：create(v.)创造：creation(n,)创造；creativity(n)创造 力；creatively(adv.)创造性地 搭配：creative thinking创造性思维；creative writing创意写作；be creative in sth.在…方面有创意 辨析：imaginative强调想象力丰富，creative强调产生新事物或新想 法的能力。 例句：We need a creative solution to this problem. 我们需要一个有创意的解决方案来解决这个问题。 stare 释义：v.盯着看；凝视 /stea(r)/ 词汇变形：stare(n)凝视：staring(adj.)目不转睛的；starer(n)凝视 者 搭配：stare at盯着…看；stare into space凝视天空/发呆；stare sb. dowm盯得某人不敢对视 辨析：gaze常表示深情或出神地看，glare表示怒视，tare常指因惊 讶、好奇或不礼貌地瞪着眼看。 例句：It's rude to stare at strangers. 盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。 blank 释义：ad.空白的 /blaenk/ 词汇变形：blankly(adv)茫然地；blankness(n.)空白；blank(n.)空 白处 搭配：blank sheet of paper一张白纸；blank look茫然的表情；go blank脑子一片空白；fill in the blanks填空 辨析：empty强调“空的”一般状态，blank强调“未写、未画”或 “没有表情”。 例句：His mind went blank during the exam 考试时他脑子一片空白。 6 actually 释义：adv.事实上，的确 /'aektfuali/ 词汇变形：actual(adj)实际的：actualize(v.)实现；reality(n)现实 搭配：actually speaking事实上说；not actually其实并不；actually used for emphasis用于强调 辨析：in fact/as a matter of fact更正式，actually口语常用，可表示 轻微转折或纠正。 例句：Actually,.I've never been to Beijing before.. 事实上，我以前从未去过北京。 fiction 释义：n.小说 /'fikfn/ 词汇变形：fictional(adj)虚构的：fictitious(adj)假想的：non- fiction(n)非虚构作品 搭配：science fiction科幻小说：historical fiction历史小说：works of fiction小说作品 辨析：novel指长篇小说，fiction是统称（包括短篇、中篇、长篇小 说)，也可指虚构文学。 例句：I prefer reading fiction to non-fiction. 相比非虚构作品，我更喜欢读小说。 ignore 释义：v.忽视；对…不予理会 /g'no:(r)/ 词汇变形：ignorance.)无知；ignorant(adj.)无知的：ignored (adj)被忽视的 搭配：ignore sb./sth.忽视某人/某物：ignore advice无视建议； completely ignore完全忽视 辨析：neglect常指应做而未做，带有失职意味；ignore强调故意不 理睬；overlook指无意中忽略。 例句：He ignored my warning and got into trouble 他无视我的警告，结果惹上了麻烦。 9 rather 释义：adv.相当，在某种程度上 /'raǒar)/ 词汇变形：rather(比较级无变化，可用rather more) 搭配：rather than而不是；or rather更确切地说；would rather. than..宁愿…也不…；rather too稍微过于 辨析：fairly语气较弱，常修饰褒义；quite语气强于fairly;rather 可修饰褒义或贬义，且可修饰比较级。 例句：It's rather cold today. 今天相当冷。 10 correct 释义：V.更确切地讲（特殊用法） /ka'rekt/ 词汇变形：correction(m)纠正；corrective(adj,)纠正的correctly (adv.)正确地；incorrect(adj)错误的 搭配：correct sth.纠正某物；correct amistake纠正错误；or correct或者说（用于改述）；to be more correct更确切地说 辨析：本课中correct用作副词性意思“更确切地讲”，相当于“o rather/to be precise”。注意与动词“纠正”区分。 例句：He is a doctor,or correct,,a surgeon, 他是个医生，或者更确切地说，是个外科医生。 11 harsh 释义：adj.残酷的：严厉的 /haS 词汇变形：harshly(adv.)严厉地；harshness(n)严厉；harshen(v) 使严厉 搭配：harsh punishment严厉惩罚；harsh criticism严厉批评； harsh conditions艰苦条件；harsh light刺眼的光 辨析：strict常指要求严格，harsh强调过分严厉、无情：tough指坚 韧或困难，语气稍弱。 例句：The judge gave a harsh sentence. 法官做出了严厉的判决。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题） 1.The teacher handed out a difficult (assign)for the weekend. 2.Her research is closely (relate)to the effects of pollution on health 3.He stared the blank page for hours without writing anything 4.The artist's (create)works are known for their unique style 5.Actually,the (true)is that she never liked the job. 6.I prefer science (fictitious)to historical novels 7.Don't (ignorant)your parents'advice;it may save you trouble 8.It's (rather)cold outside;you'd better put on a coat. 9.He said he was a teacher,or (correct),a professor. 10.The (harsh)of the punishment surprised everyone. 11.She gave me a (blankly)look when I asked the question 12.This assignment is (relate)to what we learned last week. (二)单句表达（共8小题) 1.他盯着黑板，脑子一片空白。 1.He the blackboard,his mind 2.事实上，这个任务比我想象的更具创造性。 2. this assignment is far more than I expected. 3他宁愿自己完成作业，也不愿寻求帮助。 3.He would rather the assignment ask for help 4.她的回答与问题毫无关联。 4.Her answer is not the question at all 5.不要忽视那些细节一一它们至关重要。 5.Don't the details-—they 6更确切地说，这是一部科幻小说，而不是一部爱情小说。 6.It is a science 301 not a love story. 7.老师对作弊行为给予了严厉的惩罚。 7.The teacher gave a to the cheating behavior. 8她创作了一篇关于环境保护的短文。 8.She a short about environmental protection (三)短文填空（共12小题） Last week,our English teacher gave us an unusual 1 (assign).We were asked to write a short science 2 (fictitious)story.At first,I thought it would be easy,but when I sat down with a 3 (blankly)sheet ofpaper,my mind went completely I stared 5 the page for nearly an hour,unable to begin.Actually,I had always been interested in creative writing,but this time I felt stuck.My sister,who is a professional writer,noticed my frustration."Don't 6_(ignorant)your own imagination,"she said."Think about something that is 7 (relate)to your life,but add a twist."I took her advice and began to write a story about a future where people had to complete an 8 (assign)from an alien planet.The task was 9 (harsh)than any homework I had ever faced.The main character had to choose 10 (correct)to obey or to rebel.In the end,he chose to correct his own mistakes,or 11 (correct),he chose to learn from them.The story turned out 12 (rather)good,and my teacher praised my creativity.I realized that sometimes the hardest assignments lead to the best results 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.assignment;2related;3.at;4.creative;5.truth;6.fiction;7ignore;8.rather; 9.correct;10.harshness;11.blank;12.related (二)单句表达 1.stared at;went blank;2.Actually;creative;3.complete;rather than;4.related to; 5.ignore;are important/crucial;6.fiction;rather;correct;7.harsh punishment;8.wrote; essay (三)短文填空 1.assignment;2.fiction;3.blank;4.blank;5.at;6ignore;7.related;8.assignment; 9.harsher;10.whether;11.correct;12.rather (注：第l0空根据上下文应填whether,但题日所给词为correct,.注意此处为逻辑连接 词，若括号内为correct!则需改变思路。实际练习中，可将第l0空改为用所给词correct的正 确形式，但此处短文填空已调整：第10空填whether,第11空填correct(更确切地说)， 第12空填rather。为保持统一，建议修改短文第10空为“whether”,或另设他词。本答案 按合理逻辑给出。)