第2章 第2节 专题1 英语句子成分-【初高中衔接直通车】2026年初升高英语衔接直通车

参考 8.with;on/about考查动词与介词的固定搭配。句意： 抱款，在这件事上我完全不同意你的看法。我有不同的 意见。disagree with sb(不同意某人)；disagree on/ about sth(在某事上不同意)。故填with;on/about。 9.in;in考查地点介词。句意：名画《蒙娜丽莎》目前陈 列在巴黎的卢浮宫里。表示“在博物馆/城市/国家”等 较大的地，点，都用介词in。故填in;in。 l0.To;from考查固定短语和时间介词。句意：令我惊 讶的是，我在网上遇到的那个人原来是我小学时的同 学。第一空，T0one's surprise为固定短语，意为“令某 人惊讶的是”；第二空，“从…时候起/是…时候的” 用from,如“from primary school”(从小学时/是小学 同学)。故填To;from。 ll.on/upon考查动词与介词的固定搭配。句意：项目的 成功在很大程度上依赖于良好的团队合作和高效的沟 通。depend on/upon为固定短语，意为“依靠，取决 于”。故填on/upon。 l2.among考查分配介词。句意：孩子们被告知要把糖 果在他们之间平均分配，这样每个人都能得到相同的 数量。表示“在（三者或以上）之间分配”用among。故 填among。 l3.in;with考查地点介词和工具介词。句意：请用黑色 钢笔在答题卡的右上角写上你的姓名和学号。第一 空，“在…角落”用in the corner;第二空，表示“使用 某种工具”用介词with。故填in;with。 14.by;with考查变化幅度介词和比较介词。句意：与 去年同期相比，公司的利润增长了15%。第一空，表 示增长/减少的幅度用by;第二空，“与…相比”用 compared with或compared to。故填by;with。 l5.In;instead考查固定短语和副词。句意：万一发生火 灾，请不要使用电梯。请改用楼梯。第一空，In case of 为固定短语，意为“万一，如果发生”；第二空，instead 为副词，意为“代替，反而”，单独使用时表示“建议更换 另一种做法”。故填In;instead。 1.over time 2.In front of my house stands an old tree 3.lived on the first floor 4.in the open air 5.take my advice jumping in with both feet 6.with dignity and courage 7.as smoothly as 第二节句法知识 专题一英语句子成分 语法要点专练 1.C考查现在分词作定语。句意：所有在大学学习的学 生都有机会做志愿工作。句子的主语为A1,谓语为 will be offered;studying at university为定语修饰主语， 为现在分词作定语。故选C。 2.C考查句子结构。句意：我们衷心祝愿你早日康复， 早日回国。分析句子结构可知，句中We为主语，wish 为谓语动词，you为间接宾语；a quick recovery and an early return to China为直接宾语。故选C。 3.B考查状语。句意：张磊对目的地很了解。主语 Zhang Lei,谓语knows,宾语the destination,状语quite well修饰knows,故选B项。 4.B考查句子结构。句意：今天，美式英语在国际上普遍 使用。Today在句中作时间状语；American English在 句中作主语；is是系动词；in common international use 在句中作表语。故选B。 答案 5.B考查句子成分。句意：良好的学习习惯、有用的技能 和积极的态度同样重要。分析句子结构可知，句子是表 语提前的完全倒装，Of equal importance是表语，“good study habits,.useful skills and a positive attitude”是主 语，are是系动词，故选B。 6.C考查句子成分。句意：通过设定现在的目标，你就 决定了你将来想要实现的目标。分析句子结构可知，By setting goals now是状语，you是主语，are deciding是谓 语，what you want to achieve in the future是what引导 的名词性从句，作decide的宾语，故选C。 7.C考查句子成分。句意：如今，越来越多的学生直接 在互联网上学习不同类型的课程。此处画线部分为定 语从句修饰先行词Internet,故选C。 8.D考查句子成分。句意：随着时间的推移，你会发现 自己成长为一个成熟的人。分析句子可知，介词短语 “In time”为状语，代词“you”为主语，“will find”为谓语 部分，代词“yourself'”为宾语，画线部分为现在分词作宾 语补足语，故选D。 9.C考查句子成分。句意：哈佛大学是美国最著名的大 学之一。分析句子结构可知，one of the most famous universities位于系动词is后，为表语。故选C。 l0.B考查句子成分。句意：这种食物尝着很美味。taste 为系动词，后通常跟形容词作表语。delicious美味的， 形容词，故选B。 Ⅱ. l.me a ticket考查句子成分。句意：他给我买了一张去 上海的票。分析句子结构可知，句子结构是“主谓宾 宾”，其中主语是He,谓语是bought,间接宾语是me,直接 宾语是a ticket,to Shanghai作定语修饰名词a ticket,因此 句中的宾语是me a ticket。故填me a ticket。. 2.should help考查句子成分。句意：我们应该互相帮 助。分析句子结构可知，句子结构是“主谓宾”，其中主 语是We,谓语是should help,宾语是each other,故填 should help. 3.clean考查句子成分。句意：你必须保持它千净。分析 句子结构可知，句子结构是“主谓宾补”，其中主语是 You,谓语是must keep,宾语是it,宾语补足语是形容词 clean,故填clean。 4.under the tree考查句子成分。句意：树下的那个女孩 是凯特。分析句子结构可知，句子结构是“主系表”，其 中主语是The girl,.介宾短语under the tree作定语修饰 The girl,系动词是is,表语是Kate,故填under the tree. 5.students考查句子成分。句意：我们学生应该尽我们 最大的努力。分析句子结构可知，句子结构是“主谓 宾”，其中主语是We students,students是We同位语， 谓语是should try,our best作宾语，故填students。 6.Learning English考查句子成分。句意：学习英语是 有用的。分析句子结构可知，句子是主系表结构，主语 是Learning English,系动词是is,useful是表语，故填 Learning English。 7.brother and sister考查句子成分。句意：他们是兄妹。 分析句子结构可知，句子是主系表结构，They是主语， are是系动词，brother and sister是表语，故填brother and sister。 8.at5:30 in the morning考查句子成分。句意：我经常 在早上五，点半起床。分析句子结构可知，句子是主谓状 结构，I是主语，often是频率副词，get up是谓语，at5: 30 in the morning是时间状语，故填at5:30 in the morning。 9初高中衔接直通车·英语 Ⅲ.完成句子 4.在户外跑步对你有好处。 1.地毯的颜色不会随着时间的流逝而褪色。 It's good for you to run The color of the carpet will not fade 5.你为什么不也采纳我的建议并且在匆忙做 决定之前认真思考一下？ Why don't you also 2.我家门前有一棵千年古树。（完全倒装句） and think carefully before with a history of 6.里夫带着尊严和勇气开始了他的新生活。 thousands of years. Reeve began his new life 3.我告诉他我住在第一层。 7.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流利。 I told him I Your pen writes mine. 第二节 句法知识 专题一 英语句子成分 一、定义 The rich should help the poor.(名词化的 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句 形容词) 子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有 What he needs is a book.(主语从句) 主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状 It is necessary for us to master a foreign 语、补足语和同位语。 language..(It作形式主语，真正的主语为 后面的不定式) (一)主语 It is very clear that the elephant is round 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位 and tall like a tree.(It作形式主语，主语 于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语 从句是真正主语) 不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、 (二)谓语 助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征 词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和 和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 主语从句等表示。如： 之后。谓语的构成如下： Since the 1990s,country music has 1.简单谓语 become more and more popular..（名词) 由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： They often speak English after class..(代词) She practises running every morning. 2.复合谓语 Twenty years is a short time in history. (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形 (数词) 构成。如： To swim in the deep river is a great You may keep the book for three weeks. pleasure.(不定式) The little girl has caught a bad cold. Eating too much does harm to your (2)由系动词加表语构成。如： health.(动名词) We are students now. 34 第一篇初高知识衔接 (三)表语 (五)宾语补足语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾 它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look, 语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的 grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名 意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名 某些及物动词（如make等十宾语十宾补）。 词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如： 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、 Our foreign teacher is an American,.(名词) 介词短语和从句充当。如： Are they yours'?(代词) His father named him Jack.(名词) He painted his wall yellow.(形容词) The weather has turned warm.(形容词) Let the dog out.(副词) The lecture is exciting.(分词) You mustn't force her to lend her money Three times seven is twenty one..(数词) to you.(不定式短语) Her job is to teach English.(不定式) We saw him entering the room,(现在分词) Her hobby(爱好)is singing popular He found everything in the lab in good songs..（动名词) order..(介词短语) The old machine must be out of order. We will soon make our school what your 词短语) school is now.(从句) Time is up.Class is over..(副词) (六)定语 The truth is that she has never been 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为 abroad.(表语从句) 定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： (四)宾语 Hangzhou is a beautiful city.(形容词) 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位 China is a developing country while the 于及物动词和介词后面。如： USA is a developed country.(分词) He went to see a film yesterday..(名词) There are thirty men teachers in our The thick fog prevented us from coming school.(名词) to school on time.(代词) Her rapid progress in English made us -How many books do you have? surprised.(代词) 一I have fifty.(数词) Our monitor is always the first to enter We helped the old with their housework the classroom.(不定式短语) yesterday.(名词化形容词) Our teaching plan for the next term has been worked out.(动名词) She pretended not to see me,.(不定式短语) He is reading an article about how to learn He enjoys listening to popular songs. a foreign language..(介词短语) 名词短语) (七)状语 We think (that)she is fit for her job. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说 语从句) 明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。 宾语种类： 可由以下形式表示： (1)双宾语（间接宾语十直接宾语），如： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词 Lend me your ruler,please. 性词组) (2)复合宾语（宾语+宾补），如： We have lived in the city for ten years. We elected him our monitor. 词短语) 35 初高中衔接直通车·英语 She is proud to have passed the national He put the eggs into the basket with great college entrance examination.(不定式短语) care.(方式状语) The boy is in the room making a model He came in with a book in his hand.(伴随 plane.(分词短语) 状语) Wait a minute,please！(名词) Once you begin,you must continue.(状语 In order to catch up with the others,we 从句) must work harder.（目的状语) 状语的种类如下： She was so tired that she fell asleep How about meeting again at seven?(时间 immediately.(结果状语) 状语) Tu Youyou works very hard though she is Last night she didn't go to the dance party old.(让步状语) because of the heavy rain.(原因状语) We shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件 I am taller than she is.(比较状语) 状语) 二、句子成分速记口诀 Mrs.Green lives on the third floor..(地点 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾 状语) 主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 语法要点专练C ◆◆◆ I.选出画线部分的句子成分 6.By setting goals now,you are deciding what 1.All studying at university will be offered the you want to achieve in the future. opportunity to do voluntary work. A.状语 B.定语 A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 C.定语 D.状语 7.Nowadays more and more students are working 2.We sincerely wish you a quick recovery directly on the Internet where different types of and an early return to China. ( course are supplied. ( ) A.主语 B.谓语 A.状语 B.补语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语 C.定语 D.同位语 3.Zhang Lei knows the destination quite 8.In time you will find yourself growing into well. ( a well round individual. ( ) A.定语 B.状语 A.谓语 B.表语 C.补语 D.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语 4.Today,American English is in common 9.Harvard University is one of the most international use. ( famous universities in the United States. A.状语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.谓语 A.主语 B.宾语 5.Of equal importance are good study habits, C.表语 D.定语 useful skills and a positive attitude. 10.The food tastes delicious A.宾语 B.表语 A.主语 B.表语 C.状语 D.主语 C.宾语 D.状语 36 第一篇初高知识衔接 Ⅱ.写出下列句子后面括号中标明的成分。 5.We students should try our best.(同位 1.He bought me a ticket to Shanghai.( 语) 语) 6.Learning English is useful.(主语) 2.We should help each other.(谓语) 7.They are brother and sister.(表语) 3.You must keep it clean.(宾语补足语) 8.I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 4.The girl under the tree is Kate.(定语) 语) 专题二 英语基本句式 一、句子种类 The future is bright;the road is tortuous. 1.按句子的用途可分四种 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 (1)陈述句（肯定、否定） (3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句 She is six years old. 子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、 He didn't hear of you before 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语 (2)疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意） 从句和状语从句等。 Do they like skating? The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures How old is he? when they were at the Great Wall. Is he six or seven years old? 外国游客在长城时拍了很多照片。 Mary can swim,can't she? 二、简单句的五种句型 (3)祈使句 1.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)(主+谓) Be careful,boys. Birds fly in the sky. Don't talk in class. 鸟儿在天空飞翔。 (4)感叹句 There stands a tower on the hill. How clever the boy is！ 山上有一座塔。 2.按句子的结构可分三种 (1)简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和 They were sleeping at that time. 一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 他们那时正在睡觉。 He often reads English in the morning. 只能当不及物动词的词： Tom and Mike are American boys. walk步行，swim游泳，sleep睡觉，laugh She likes drawing and often draws 笑，happen/take place发生，go去，come pictures for the wall newspapers. 来，work工作，stay待在…，arrive到达 (2)并列句：由并列连词(and,but,or等) 2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S十Vt+O)(主十 或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一 谓十宾) 起构成。 He has bought a house. You help him and he helps you. 他买了一所新房子。 你帮他，他也帮你。 He can drive a car.他会驾驶汽车。 37