基础必备 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 The universal language（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础必备 Unit 2 主题语境人与社会 —音乐 The universal language 析>译>背高考复杂句式0 FUZA JUSHI 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1.(2024·北京卷)Though these new 本句是一个主从复合句。though引导 尽管这些新朋友中有用油 friends were abstract painters using oil 的是让步状语从句；主句是I took oil 画颜料作画的抽象画家，也 paints,or were printmakers or sculp painting as the taboo(禁忌）high 有版画家和雕塑家，我却把 tors,I took oil painting as the taboo form;I wasn't allowed to practice 油画视为一种高级形式，自 (禁，忌)high form I wasn't allowed to 省略了关系代词的定语从句。 己无权享用。 practice. 2.(2024·北京卷)Searching the term“simulation hypothesis'”(模 本句是一个主从复合句。Searching 搜索“模拟假说”这一术语 拟假说)returns numerous results the term“simulation hypothesis'”(模 会得到许多关于宇宙是否 that debate whether the universe 拟假说)是动名词短语作主语；that引 是计算机模拟的争论结 is a computer simulation-a con- 导的是定语从句，定语从句中whether 果 一一些科学家实际上 cept that some scientists actually 引导一个宾语从句。 认真对待这个概念。 take seriously. 复盘必备知识 学生用书P134 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1巧记·课标单词 >No.1 单词分类记一层级背 1.deserve vt. 值得，应得 15.sweep ut.&.vi. 横扫 2.whisper v. 耳语；私下说 16.complicated adj. 复杂的 n. 低语 17.stream v. 涌动；流 3.weep v. 哭泣，流泪 18.enthusiastic adj. 热情的 4.overcome vt. 克服；解决 19.handkerchief n. 手帕，纸巾 5.sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛 20.vast adj. 大量的，巨大的 6.forever adv. 永远；长久地 单 乡村的，农村的 21.reputation n. 名誉，名声 7.rural adj. 22.brilliant adj. 聪颖的 8.guarantee vt. 保证；确保 共产主义的 23.extraordinary adj. 不寻常的 悉 9.communist adj. 24.upset adj. 难过的 n. 共产主义者 ut. 使烦恼 10.flow vi. 流，流动 25.abandon vt. 中止，放弃 n. 流，流动；连贯 11.greet vt. 问候，欢迎 26.uplifting adj. 令人振奋的 12.recording n. 录音；录制 27.ease n. 容易 13.stare vi.&.n. 盯着看；凝视 V. 宽慰，减轻 14.grab v. 吸引；抓住 28.genius n. 天赋，天才 129 高考总复习英语(YL) L.compose vt.作曲；创作→composer n.作曲者→composition n.作曲；作文；作品 2.drama n.戏剧→dramatic adj.突然的，戏剧性的 3.transform vi.&t.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n.转化；转换；变换 4.combine vt.&vi.(使)联合；（使）结合→combination n.联合；结合 5.surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n.（复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的 6.adapt vi..适应；适合→adaptation n.适应；改编；改写 7.defend v.防守→defence n.防卫；防守；防护→defensive adj.自卫的；防御用的 拓 8.suit n.一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜suitable adj.合适的 展 9.distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n.远方 单 l0.breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breathe v.呼吸→breath n.呼吸 11.usual n.特别的，往常的→unusual adj.不寻常的，特别的 l2.expectation n.预料；期待；期望→expect v.预料；期待；期望；认为 其 l3.remark v.谈到；说起→remarkable adj.显著的；非凡的 用 14.gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的→gift n.天赋 l5.predict v.预言，预测→prediction n.预言，预报 l6.depress v.使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷→depressed adj.沮丧的→depressing adj.令人沮丧的→ depression n.沮丧 17.possess ut.拥有；具有；支配possession n.(尤作复数)所有；财产 l8.desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→desperately adv.绝望地；孤注一掷地 l9.variation n.变化；变体；变奏曲→vary vi.变化→various adj.多样的；变化不等的→variety n.种类； 多样性 1.symphony n. 交响乐，交响曲 单 2.tune n. 曲调 5.folk adj. 民间的 6.solar adj. 太阳的 . 调音 音量；体积 7.chorus n. 合唱团 明 3.volume n. 其 8.grand adj. 壮丽的 4.blues n. 蓝调；忧郁 >No.2 同根联想记一一线串 1.乐器与音乐类型 2.人员与创作演出 ①band n.乐队 ②conductor n.(乐队等的)指挥 ①drum n.鼓 ③pianist n.钢琴家 ②guitar n.吉他；六弦琴 ③hip-hop n.嘻哈音乐 ④choir n.合唱团，教堂的唱诗班 ④symphony n.交响乐 ⑤chorus n.合唱曲；歌舞队 ⑥violinist n.小提琴家；小提琴手 ⑤musical adj.音乐的；爱好音乐的 ⑦album n.音乐专辑；歌曲专辑 ⑥classic/popular/,folk music经典/流行/民间音乐 ⑧concert n.音乐会；演奏会 ⑨live adj.实况的；现场（直播）的 [Part2妙记·核心短语] >Wo.1 短语分类记一层级背 1.tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 6.all of a sudden 突然，猛地 2.rely on 依赖，依靠：信任 7.throw in 奉送，额外赠送 3.for good measure 作为额外增添 8.think highly of 看重；器重 4.consist of 由…组成 9.turn out 结果是 5.get down to 开始做某事，开始 10.can't wait to 迫不及待 130· 基础必备选择性必修第一册 >N0.2 同根联想记一一线串 1.“y.十on”短语聚焦 2.无被动语态的动词短语 ①date from/back to追溯到 ①carry on继续；坚持 ②belong to属于 ②work on继续工作；从事 ③consist of由…组成 ③move on前进 ④come true变成现实 ④try on试穿 ⑤take place发生 ⑤keep on继续 ⑥break out爆发 ⑥rely on依赖；依靠 ⑦run out用光 ⑧come up提出 [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1.过去分词短语作后置定语 Last night,I watched a performance of Butterfly lovers,a beautiful violin concert composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang(由何占豪，陈刚创作的). 2.asif引导的句子 When the two lovers,Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai,first meet,the music is light and pleasant,as if whispering to the audience(好像在和观众低声耳语). 3.形容词（短语）作状语 Angry and sad(悲愤交加)，Liang falls sick and dies. 4.as..as..结构 Life here in Nashville is as interesting as(和.一样有趣)I thought it would be. The tunes are easy to sing(容易唱)and the lyrics often leave you deep in 5.be+adi.+to do thought. 聚焦层级突破 学生用书P136 聚焦核心要点落实 Part.1单词悟讲记 4It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected/respecting.(respect v. [核心单词] 2.whisper v.耳语；低声地说n,私语；谣传；飒飒的 l.deserve vi..&vt.值得；应得 声音 P[教材对接] [教材对接] It's a piece that really deserves to be heard. When the two lovers,Liang Shanbo and Zhu Ying- 这首曲子真的值得一听。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 tai,first meet,the music is light and pleasant,as if DDo you think Hippomenes deserved to win (win) whispering to the audience. the race? 当梁山伯和祝英台这对情侣初次见面时，音乐轻快悦 2This suggestion deserves considering/to be con- 耳，仿佛在向观众喃喃私语。 sidered/consideration (consider). [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 [考点归纳]一知识生成 ①（北京卷）Nervously facing challenges,I know I sb.deserve(s)to do sth. 某人应该做某事； will whisper to myself the two simple words "Be 某人值得做某事 yourself”. sth.deserve(s)to be done=sth.deserve(s)doing ②（全国I卷）His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next 某事值得被做 to him,whispering (whisper)support. [名师点津]deserve to be done与deserve doing意 [考点归纳]一知识生成 义相同，动名词的主动形式表被动意义，用法相同的 单词还有need,want和require等。 (1)whisper (sth.to sb. [链接写作]一一句多译 向某人耳语…；低声跟某人说 正是那些甘愿奉献而不愿索取的人应得到尊敬。 whisper about低声谈论；悄悄散布 3It is those who are willing to give rather than re- whisper at(in)sb.'sear凑到某人耳边低声说 ceive that deserve respect.(respect n. (2)in a whisper低声耳语 131· 高考总复习英语(YL) [链接写作]一句型转换 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 3The child was whispering to his mother in the corner. DShe stepped back appearing surprised and put up -The child was telling his mother something in a her hands,as if in defence (defend). whisper in the corner. 2 Everyone should learn how to defend himself 3.transform vi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换 (him)by the lawful means. [教材对接] 3He joined the army in defence of his country. ..telling us how the couple transform into butter- [考点归纳]一知识生成 flies and fly away to be together forever. :(1)defend...from/against保护…以免受；防御 …告诉我们，这对情侣化蝶而去，永世双宿双飞不 defend oneself为自己辩护；自卫 再分离。 (2)defence n.防御；保卫 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 in defence of为了保卫；为辩护 ①(2023·全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed [链接写作]—完成句子 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 4The wall was built to defend the road from being world,... washed away by the sea. ②(2023·北京卷)Indeed,when it comes to environ 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 mental transformations (transformation),we can 6.desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 develop a form of collective "poor memory",and [教材对接] each new generation can believe the state of affairs The next two movements are full of desperate lows they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his [考点归纳]一知识生成 suffering and his strong will to fight it. (l)transform..into..使…变成… 接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低声部和激越的高 be transformed from...into... 声部，或许分别反映了作曲家的痛苦和与之抗争的坚 由…变成…；由…迁到… 强意志。 (2)transformation n.(外观或性质的)改变，变革 [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空 工链接写作]—一单句写作 DIn desperation (desperate),he called Louise and 3It was an event that would transform my life. asked for her help. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。 2The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 4,guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保 3He is desperate to pass (pass)the entrance exam. [教材对接] ④(2023·1月浙江卷)They could not afford to pay I guarantee you'll enjoy it! for transportation for their dog,Tiffy,and desper- 我保证你将喜欢它！ ately (desperate)wanted to take her with them. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 [考点归纳]—知识生成 DIf you yell at him,he is guaranteed to do(do)the desperately adv.极其；非常；绝望地 opposite of what you want. desperation n.绝望；拼命；不顾一切 2The digital camera in our shop is of high quality.If in/out of desperation绝望之际；走投无路 there should be something wrong with it while it is still be desperate for特别想要某物 under guarantee,we would repair it at our expense. be desperate to do sth.特别想做某事 [考点归纳]一知识生成 in desperate need of迫切需要 (1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 [链接写作]—完成句子 iguarantee sb.sth.=guarantee sth.to sb. ⑤(2o24·1月浙江卷)Feeling desperate,Eva started 向某人保证某事 using a mind trick on herself. (2)under guarantee 在保修期内 绝望中，埃娃开始对自己施展心理暗示。 (3)be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会/必定会做某事 [间考单词] [链接写作]一完成句子 1.accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 ③(2024·全国甲卷)From then on,if I wanted to [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空/间式升级 read an ending guaranteed to be happy,I'd pick up a DAs he was not allowed to accompany her to the love romance. shops,he wrote out a list of items for her. 从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会 2While she was singing on the stage,her mother 选一部爱情小说 was accompanying her on/at the piano. 5.defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护 3The storm is accompanied with/by thunder. [教材对接] 4My sister has come from America to accompany ..“The Yellow River in Anger”and“Defend the me during my illness. Yellow River”. ⑤(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)These meals are always ac- …《黄河愤》和《保卫黄河》。 companied(accompany)by laughter and joy. ·132· 基础必备选择性必修第一册 2.upset adj,难过的，失望的vt,使不安；使心烦； 3The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its 打翻 ancient buildings. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/向式升级 ④(2024·北京卷)The18th-century philosopher DIn my opinion,there is no point being upset Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of about it. things-in-themselves that are unknowable 2She was upset to know (know)that her applica- [考点归纳]—知识生成 tion for the position was refused. (1)consist of-be made up of=be composed of=be 3I didn't know enough words and my grammar was comprised of..由…组成 also poor so it really made me upset. make up组成；构成；占…比例 -I didn't know enough words and my grammar was (2)consist in(=lie in)在于；存在于… also poor,which really upsets me.(upset vt. consist with与…一致 从句) (3)be consistent with和…一致/相符 3.p0 ssess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 [名师点津] DAs the saying goes,"A true friend is the best pos- (l)be made up of-=be composed of由…组成 session(possess).” (2)consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态。 2Although he doesn't possess much money,he is [链接写作]一一句多译 possessed (possess)of good health. 生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。 3You will take possession of the house immediately 5Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard if you pay now. times.(consist) 6Life is made up of not only sunshine but also hard Part.2短语巧突破 times.(make up) 1.rely on依靠；依赖；指望 D Life is composed of not only sunshine but also P[教材对接] hard times.(compose) My host family are big fans of country music,so I Pat3句式精剖析 can always rely on them to introduce me to some 1.形容词（短语）作状语 great songs. 我（寄宿）的主人家是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我 [教材对接] 总是可以依靠他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。 Angry and sad,Liang falls sick and dies. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 因为生气和伤心，梁山伯生病并且去世了。 DMany people now would rely on surfing (surf)the [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 Internet rather than read the newspaper for news. DTo our relief,the missing child returned home ten 2I rely on/upon him for everything;he's my days later,tired but healthy (health). right arm. ②(2023·全国甲卷)Different(difference)from tra [考点归纳]一知识生成 ditional fables,Carson's story ends with an accusa- rely on/upon sb./sth.指望某人/某事（物） tion instead of a moral. rely on sb.to do sth. 3The boy lay on the sofa,relaxed (relax). 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事 [考点归纳]一知识生成 rely on one's doing sth.指望/相信/依赖某人做某事 形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况 rely on.it that.·相信…，指望… 等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成 [链接写作]一完成句子 分隔开。 3 As some of these actors could not sing well 形容词（短语）作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态， enough,they had to rely on other musicians to help 即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的 them. 谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 因为这些演员唱得不够好，他们不得不依赖其他音乐 [链接写作]—完成句子 人来帮忙。 4Worried about making mistakes,I'm writing to 2.consist of由…组成 bother you to correct the words and format in the ●[教材对接] material I attach to the letter. It consists of four movements:The Song of the 担心犯错误，我写信是为了麻烦你修正我附在信中的 Yellow River Boatmen,Ode to the Yellow River... 材料中的单词和格式。 它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲《黄河颂》… 2.be tadj.+to do [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 [教材对接] DHis words don't consist with facts. The tunes are easy to sing,and the lyrics often leave 2The result is consistent (consist)with previous you deep in thought. findings. 乡村音乐的调子朗朗上口，歌词常常发人深省。 ·133… 高考总复习英语(YL) [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 续表 DToday's homework was easy to do (do),so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play 注意 在该结构中，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应 2Although the lady looks elegant,actually she is hard to get (get)along with. 事项 该加相应的介词。 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [链接写作]—完成句子 (1)句型：主语+be十adj.+不定式 (2)特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 3Even though the problem was difficult to solve,I (3)使用条件：使用此结构须具备两个前提条 用法 didn't give up.Because I firmly believed that "Where 归纳 件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上 的动宾关系； there is a will,there is a way." ②常用形容词有：difficult,hard,easy,comfort- 尽管这个问题很难解决，但我没有放弃。因为我坚信 able,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。 “有志者，事竟成”。 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P139 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 4.We observe that the first calls for adorable trans- I.单词拼写 formation (transform)did not begin until the pe- 1.Bank officials clearly deserve (some of the riod of the industrial revolution. blame to enhance their responsibility. 5.She is a genius because she has successfully com 2.There are many different kinds of natural medicine bined a career and/with bringing up a family. to help overcome(克服)winter infections and do 6.Most Western languages have some forms of dis- the trick. tinction,with some of them adding ingredients for good measure. 3.I cry out for making friends for I want to share my 7.Instead of ending up losing all his wealth he was joy and sorrow(悲伤). remarkably remarkable enhanced his confi- 4.We cannot guarantee our flights will never dence. be delayed,for we could meet something special 8.Knowing that what we have done is remarkably linking to bad weather or air traffic control. meaningful to others made me feel enthusiastically 5.Time will transform(使转化)us from adorable (enthusiastic)satisfied. babies into adults and our parents from adults into 9.He has a reputation for being a strict disciplinari- old men. an in the school. 6.She had to face the fact that her life had changed 10.She's been very depressed (depress)and upset forever(永远)after her dad died,which stimula about this whole situation. ted her growth. Ⅲ.选词填空 7.Relief workers say it's worse than ever as disease tear apart,rely on,for good measure,consist of, and starvation combine to kill thousands. get down to,all of a sudden,throw in,can't wait 8.They relied (heavily on the advice of their to professional native advisers. 1.The development will consist of 66 housing and a 9.It is an adaptation (of Liu Cixin's The Wan- number of offices,which can relieve the pressure dering Earth and makes people recall associations on housing. with nature. 2.Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for 10.Now that you are able to take up arms and de- forest and fishery products. fend(保卫)your motherland's security. 3.All of a sudden she didn't look sleepy any more, Ⅱ.单句语法填空 because she caught up with a new idea. 4.I can't just sit here and let these people tear apart 1.Studies show that factory farms can tear apart rural my family like this. communities in order to protect the environment. 5.I can't wait to get back home after school. 2.She spoke in a whisper in case of waking her deli- 6.If you buy a refrigerator,we will throw in a mi- cate baby up. crowave oven. 3.Trends toward the globalization of industry have 7.For good measure he gave Tom a hug. dramatically (dramatic)affected steak production 8.The summer holiday is over and you must get in California. down to your study. ·134· 基础必备选择性必修第一册 V.完成句子 [参考范文] 1.他作为医学领域的领军人物而享有盛誉。 Dear Betty, He earned a reputation for himself as a leading As president of the English Drama Club,I'm figure in the medical field. feeling fully frustrated since the days has witnessed 2.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 our unsatisfactory rehearsal.Given that you are an By the time Jack returned home from England,his enthusiast in drama performance,we are in desperate son had graduated from college. need of your expert guidance on the scene. 3.幸存者们躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。 To start with,with the lines from the original The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and play,we students encounter great challenges during shocked. the rehearsals because of our limited vocabulary and 4.如今求职有时会令人非常沮丧。 inaccurate pronunciation.Could you please help Looking for a job these days can be very depress- adapt the lines and correct our pronunciation?What ing from time to time. depressed us more is that during the rehearsal,not 5.这个问题对他来说很难回答。 only does our action stiffen,but our facial expres- It is difficult for him to answer the question. sions seem unnatural on the scene,making the per- [重落实] formance unintegrated with the play. Words fail to express my gratitude if you can I.单元巩固练 make presence and offer us valuable guidance. 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全 短文，并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。 Yours, Li Hua The music took me 1.through the twists and Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(14)一“悲伤”“沮丧”和“孤独” turns of a classic story about a young couple 2.torn ●[多样表达] (tear)apart by their families.When the two lovers, 1.sorrow n.悲伤 Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai,first meet,the mu- 2.sorrowful adj..悲伤的 sic is light and pleasant,as if 3.whispering(whis- 3.depressed adj.沮丧的 per)to the audience.It 4.is followed (follow)by a 4.depressing adj.令人沮丧的 fast and cheerful section 5.which represents their 5.lonely adj.寂寞的 three happy years of school.Then the music gets 6.loneliness n.寂寞，孤单 dramatic with heavier notes and that is 6.when the 7.sad adj.悲伤的 lovers are separated because Zhu's father force her 8.sadness n.悲伤 7.to marry (marry)another man.Angry and sad, 9.a sense of loneliness孤单感 Liang falls sick and dies.Zhu weeps 8.bitterly (bit- 10.numb with sorrow极度悲伤 ter)over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow, 1l.one's heart sinks心情低沉 she jumps into his grave.Finally,during the most 12.with a sinking heart低沉的心情 exciting part,the music takes a softer turn and ends 13.to one's sorrow令某人悲伤的是 on a bittersweet notes,9.telling (tell)us how the I4.sadness wells up in one's heart悲伤涌上心头 couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be ●[佳句观摩] together forever.It is 10.an amazing journey! 1.男孩抬头看着他父亲，蓝色的大眼晴里闪着泪光。 Ⅱ.话题微写作（邀请信） The boy looked up at his father,big blue eyes shin- 假定你是校英语戏剧社社长李华，在排练英语剧 ing with tears. 时遇到困难，希望得到外教Betty老师的指导。你发 2.每一次我听这首歌曲，悲伤都会涌上心头。 邮件邀请她来现场，并请求帮助。内容包括： Every time I listen to the song,sadness wells up in 1.发出邀请； my heart. 2.说明排练难处； 3.这些日子他情绪低落是因为他没能获得冠军。 3.请求指导； These days he was in low spirits because he failed to win the champion. 4.尽量使用本单元知识点。 ●[好句仿写] 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右： 1.教室里的每个人都在愉快地聊天，而简却一个人坐 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 在那里不知措。 (参考词汇：排练v.rehearse n.rehearsal) Everyone in the classroom was chatting happily Dear Betty, while Jane sat alone,at a loss. 2.悲伤和孤独的气氛笼罩着她。 An air of sorrow and loneliness settled on her. 3.简感到被冷落，孤独使她感到绝望。 Jane felt left out and was getting desperate with loneliness. 4.她很伤心，不知不觉哭了，眼泪止不住。 Yours, She felt so sad that she found herself crying un- Li Hua consciously,unable to hold back her tears. ·135· 高考总复习英语(YL) 培优提能加餐 学生用书P141 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出exit的含义 1.The government recognised his outstanding service by giving him a medal. A.出口 u.表彰 B.退场 2.We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest. C.通道 D.退出 u.惊慌 3.(2022·新高考I卷)The GPNP is designed to re- 1.The heroine made her exit to great applause. flect the guiding principle of "protecting the au- B thenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosys- 2.There is a fire exit on each floor of the building. tems,...” u体现 C 4.(2024·北京卷)Good social habits do something similar in a social context .环境 3.Leave the roundabout at the second exit. [培优2]高考语篇培素养 一Topic:语言学习 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2022·新高考卷)Human speech contains more than2,000 1. Which aspect of the human speech different sounds,from the common“m”and“a”to the rare sound does Damian Blasi's research clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain focus on? sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year A.Its variety.B.Its distribution. study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new C.Its quantity.D.Its development. speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. 2.Why was it difficult for ancient hu- More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted man adults to produce labiodentals? that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f"and“v”,were A.They had fewer upper teeth than more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. lower teeth. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University B.They could not open and close of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose. their lips easily. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of C.Their jaws were not conveniently ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to structured. produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip D.Their lower front teeth were not to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite struc- large enough. ture(结构)，making it easier to produce such sounds. 3.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? The team showed that this change in bite was connected A.Supporting evidence for the re- with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food search results. became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to B.Potential application of the re- do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. search findings. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there C.A further explanation of the re- was a global change in the sound of world languages after the search methods. Neolithic age,with the use of“f"”and“v”increasing remarkably D.A reasonable doubt about the re- during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not search process. found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. 4.What does Steven Moran say about This research overturns the popular view that all human the set of human speech sounds? speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around A.It is key to effective communica- 300,000 years ago."The set of speech sounds we use has not tion. necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human be- B.It contributes much to cultural di- ings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find versity. today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biologi- C.It is a complex and dynamic system. cal change and cultural evolution,"said Steven Moran,a mem- D.It drives the evolution of human ber of the research team. beings. ·136· 基础必备选择性必修第一册 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 ◆素材积累 因为饮食的改变导致了现在世界上一半的语言中发 (一)由文本积累主题词块 现了新的语音。 1.different sounds 不同的声音 l.D[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Nowa 2.southern African languages 南部非洲语言 3.front teeth 前牙 team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the 4.a global change 全球变化 University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how 5.the popular view 流行的观点 and why this trend arose.(现在，由瑞士苏黎世大 6.remain stable 保持稳定 学的Damian Blasi领导的一队研究人员已经发现 7.the research team 研究小组 了这种趋势产生的方式和原因。)”可知，Damián 8.cultural evolution 文化进化 Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。] (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discov- 1.click n. 咔哒声；（鼠标）点击；吸气声 ered that the upper and lower front teeth of 2.labiodentals n. 唇齿音 ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making 3.overbite n. (牙齿)覆咬合 4.jawbone n. 下颌骨 it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed 5.analyse v. 分析；分解；化验 by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Lat- 6.remarkably adv. 引人注目地；明显地 er,our jaws changed to an overbite structure,mak- 7.overturn vt.vi. 推翻 ing it easier to produce such sounds.(他们发现古 n. 垮台 代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的这使得他们很难发 8.interplay n. 相互作用 出唇齿音，唇齿音是由下唇与上齿相碰发出的。后 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横 来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这使我们更容 线上) 易发出这种声音。)”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚 1.rare adj. 结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。] A.稀少的 B.珍贵的 3.A[主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a C.半熟的 D.极好的 language database also confirmed that there was a DIt remained an exceptionally rare book until it global change in the sound of world languages af- was reprinted in 1918. A ter the Neolithic age,with the use of'f'and'v'in- 2Ferris has a rare ability to record her result of research on paper. D creasing remarkably during the last few thousand 2.trend n. years.(一个语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器 A.趋势B.规范C.风尚 时代之后世界语言的发音有了全球性的变化，在最 DOne region is attempting to resist the trend of 近的几千年里，‘f?和‘v'(这两个发音)的使用明显 economic decline. A 增加了。)”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析 2The record has already proved a success and 结果来进一步证明研究结果。] may well start a trend. C 4.C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The set ◆长句缩写 of speech sounds we use has not necessarily re- A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that di- mained stable since the appearance of human be- et-related changes in human bite led to new speech ings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds sounds that are now found in half the world's lan- that we find today is the product of a complex in- guages. [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 terplay of things like biological change and cultur- 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) al evolution,'said Steven Moran,a member of the 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 research team.(该研究小组的一位成员Steven A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that Moran说：‘自人类出现以来，我们使用的这套语音 (diet-related)changes (in human bite)led to new 并不一定保持稳定，相反，我们现在发现的语音的 speech sounds that are now found in half the 极多种类是生物变化和文化演变之类的东西在复 world's languages). 杂的相互作用下的产物。’)”可知，Steven Moran [句子缩写]A study shows changes led to new 认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。] speech sounds.(不超过l0个单词) 137·