基础必备 必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（外研版）

Unit 6 主题语境人与自然 环境保护 必备 Earth first 词块背诵 佳句欣赏 1.Protecting the environment needs everyone's effort.For ourselves L.environmental protection环境保护 and our offspring's health,we must take action to protect the en- 2.alternative energy 替代能源 vironment. 3.solar power 太阳能 保护环境需要每个人的努力，为了我们和后代的健康，我们必须采 4.ecological balance 生态平衡 取措施来保护环境。 5.under the pressure of... 2.First,we should not throw away the rubbish.Whenever we have 在…压力下 rubbish at hand,we should keep the habit of throwing it into the 6.make joint efforts 共同努力 dustbin. 7.beyond the range of... 第一，我们不应该乱扔垃圾。无论何时我们手中有垃圾，应该养成 超出…范围 扔进垃圾箱的习惯」 8.save energy 节约能源 3.If we don't save water,the last drop of water will be our tear. 如果我们不节约用水，那么最后一滴水将会是我们的眼泪。 复盘>必备知识 学生用书P87 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词 1.scare v. 使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 2.dive v. 潜水 17.release v. 释放，排放 烟雾 3.target v. 把…作为目标 18.smog n. 19.fog n. 雾 4.fortunately adv. 幸运地 20.severe adj. 很严重的 写 5.attitude n. 看法，态度 21.lecture n. 讲座，讲课 作 6.ocean n. 海洋，大海 单 7.reserve n. 保护区 22.slide n. 幻灯片 多数，大多数 词 8.staff n. 员工 23.majority n. 24.false adj. 不正确的，错误的 9.establish v. 建立，设立 悉 25.amount n. 数量，数额 10.damage v. 破损，损害 其 26.leak v. 漏，渗漏 11.drought n. 旱灾，干旱 识 12.flood n. 洪水，水灾 27.appliance n. 家用电器 28.remove v. 移走，搬走 13.supply n. 供应 14.adopt v. 采取 29.campaign n. (宣传)活动 15.greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 30.urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求 平均的 16.brochure n. 小册子 31.average adj. 拓 1.extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的→extinction n.灭绝；绝种 展 2.devote v.为…付出时间/努力/金钱等devotion n.专心；献身；热爱→devoted adj.专心于…的； 单 热爱…的 词 3.cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelty n.残忍；残酷 4.hunt vt.&vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunting n.打猎，狩猎 5.affect vt..影响；感动；侵袭→effect n.影响 通 其 6.reduce vt.减少；减缩→reduction n.减少，降低 7.electrical adj.电的；电学的；与电有关的→electric adj.电动的；发电的→electricity n.电力；电流→ 用 electronic adj.电子的 ·99 高考总复习英语（外研版） 阅 1.shark n. 鲨鱼 7.device n. 设备，仪器 2.highlight v. 使…突出 8.stand-by adj. 备用的 词 3.restore v. 使恢复 (电)插头 4.sustainable adj. 可持续的 9.plug n. 明 10.litre n. 升，公升 5.bulb n. 灯泡 义 11.canteen n. 食堂，餐厅 6.carbon n. 碳 [Part2闪记·核心短语 1.due to 由于，因为 6.be scared of 对…害怕 2.take...into account 把…考虑进去 7.cut off 割掉，切掉 3.rather than 而不是 8.have an effect on 对…有影响 4.mistake...for... 把…错当成… 9.turn off 关闭 5.take care of 照顾 10.be better for 对…更好 [Part3速记· 经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1.倍数表达法 However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as(四倍的能量)making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water(用水量的三倍). It is the production of food,not its transport(是产品的生产，而不是产品的运 2.强调句型 )that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouses gases. 3.动名词的被动形式 This includes keeping the original environment from being touched(). [Part4积累·联想拓展] 环境保护 “take十n.十prep.”短语大荟萃 ①radiation 放射；放射物 ①take advantage of 利用 ②waste 废料；垃圾 ②take care of 照顾 ③alternative energy 替代能源 ④emission 排放 ③take charge of 掌管 ④take possession of 拥有 ⑤recycle 回收；循环利用 ⑤take the place of 代替 ⑥replace/substitute 取代 ⑥take an interest in 对…产生兴趣 ⑦ecological balance 生态平衡 聚焦)层级突破 学生用书P88 聚焦核心要点落实 第一板块词汇点拔台 Odevote oneself/one's life/energy/time to... -DIYIBANKUAI [核心词汇一逐点清] 把自己/生命/精力/时间献给… 1.devote.致力，献身，倾注 ②devoted adj.挚爱的，忠实的，献身的 P[教材对接] be devoted to (doing) (1)Now,she is a model and performance artist de- 献身于；致力于，热衷于 voted to ocean conservation. 现在，她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。 ③devotion m.深爱；忠诚；奉献，献身 ·100 基础必备必修第二册 [基础练通]单句语法填空 ①reduce..to.. 把…减少到… (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)They are devoted to com ②reduce...by.. 把…减少了… munity service. ③be reduced to..:沦落为…：陷入某种状态 (3)He is a devoted (devote)father because he was [基础练通]单句语法填空 strict with his daughter and encouraged her when (2)(全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising she was in trouble. from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the [能力提升]一句多译 mountain tops,he was reduced(reduce)to tears. 全身心投入到教育失聪儿童中，这位年轻女士很少 (3)(2025·浙江1月卷)With human inputs dra 有时间照顾她自己的女儿。 matically reduced (reduce),the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens (4)Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, should not need the life support we give most gar- the young lady has little time to care for her own dens:fertilizer,dividing,regular watering. daughter.(v.-ing形式作状语) (4)(2022·新高考I卷)Everyone can play a part (5)Devoted to teaching the deaf children,the in reducing(reduce)waste,whether by not pur- young lady has little time to care for her own chasing more food than necessary in your weekly daughter.(u.ed形式作状语) shopping or by asking restaurants to not include 2.affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭 the side dish you won't eat. [教材对接] [能力提升]完成句子 (1)We've also seen droughts and floods caused by (5)Though the price of the house has been re duced by 10%,we can't afford it either. these changes,which affect the water supply 尽管房价下降了10%，我们还是买不起 downstream. 4.majority n.多数，多半（人或物） 我们也已经看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水， [教材对接] 这影响了下游的水供应。 (1)Most of us are aware that we must take care of ①be affected by 受…的影响；被…感动 the environment,and the majority of us take steps be affected with感染…疾病 to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. 作用；影响 我们中的大多数人都意识到我们必须保护环境，并 ②effect n. 且我们大多数人都采取措施节约能源、减少浪费和 have an effect/influence on 污染。 对…产生影响 ①be in the/a majority 占多数 [基础练通]单句语法填空 a/the majority of …的大多数 (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is ②minority n. 少数民族；少数 described as a problem affecting(affect)the entire a/the minority of …的少数 world,it's actually concentrated to a small num- be in the/a minority 占少数 ber of extremely popular spots. [基础练通]单句语法填空 (3)Affected with a high fever,he continued with (2)(2025·全国一卷)Although these campaigns his work. were widespread,the reality is that the majority (4)Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends of the western cities were(be)completely rede- signed around the needs of the motor car. that have an effect on you most deeply. [能力提升]句式升级 (3)So,it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments. (5)Many young people were affected by his story [能力提升]句型转换 and began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (4)There are 40 people here.One third of them -Affected by his story,many young people began to do are black people. volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语) >The minority of people here are black people. 3.reduce vt..减少；降低；使处于 名师点津minority/majority作主语，强调整体时， [教材对接] 谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时， (1)Try to reduce your carbon footprint. 谓语动词用复数形式；a/the minority/majority of-+ 尽量减少你的碳足迹。 n.作主语时，谓语视of后名词的单复数而定。 101 高考总复习英语（外研版） 5.duet0由于，因…造成；应支付/归于某人 7.attitude n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的 ●[教材对接] 般)看法，态度；姿势 (1)This was not only due to fear of sharks,but al- [教材对接] so finning. (1)Complete the chart showing how attitudes to- 这不仅是因为对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。 wards sharks have changed with words and ex- ①be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定要做某事 pressions from the passage. ②be due to sth./sb.归因于某事/某人；欠某人… 用文章中的单词和短语完成这个展示人们对鲨鱼 ③be due for sth.应得到 的态度是如何变化的表格。 [基础练通]单句语法填空 attitude to/towards... 对…的态度/看法 (2)(2024·新课标I卷)Due to a big storm,my have/with/take a positive/negative attitude to/ flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. towards...· 对…持肯定/否定的态度 (3)His new book is due to be published(publish) take/adopt a(n)..attitude采取…的态度 next month. in a(n)...attitude 以…的姿势 [能力提升]完成句子 (4)The meeting was due to start at 3 o'clock. [指点迷津] However,it had to be put off to 5 o'clock due to 在短语attitude towards/to中，当介词的宾语是 the bad weather. question时，可以用on代替towards/to,如，her at- 会议预计3点开始，然而，由于恶劣的天气不得不 titude on the question. 推迟到5点。 [基础练通]单句语法填空 名师点津 due to表示“由于，因…造成”时， (2)What is your attitude towards/to senior high 其中的to为介词；due to表示“即将/预期 students taking up a part-time job? 将…；应支付”时，to为不定式符号。 (3)Beauty is an attitude.It has nothing to do with age. (4)He was kneeling by his bed in an attitude of [教师专享] devotion. 6.damage v.&n.破损，损害，损伤 [能力提升]完成句子 ●[教材对接 (5)As the saying goes,attitude determines altitude. (1)In recent years,we have seen large areas of 俗话说，态度决定高度。 wetland that were damaged by human activity. 近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。 (6)People having/with a positive attitude towards life are more likely to succeed. suffer damage 遭受损坏 对生活有积极态度的人更有可能成功。 do/cause damage to 给…造成损坏 [间考词汇一要知晓] [指点迷津] l.reserve v.贮存；保留；预订n.储备；贮藏；保护区 damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而 单句语法填空 destroy指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再 修复。 (1)Frankly speaking,I have little money in reserve. [基础练通]单句语法填空 (2)She told me all about it without reserve. (2)Many buildings and roads were damaged(damage) (3)I reserve my favorable comments for my former badly when the heavy snow struck that city. monitor. (3)The earthquake broke out at midnight,causing (4)I reserve the right to make(make)my own de- great damage to the city. cision. [能力提升]完成句子 2.adopt vt..采纳；采用；收养 (4)People should be responsible for all the dam- 单句语法填空 age done by themselves. (1)For many childless couples,adoption(adopt)is 人们应该为自己造成的一切损失负责。 the best solution. 102· 基础必备必修第二册 (2)The woman treated her adopted (adopt)son 本句是动名词的被动语态。 very well. 动名词的被动语态有一般时和完成时，一般时表 (3)(全国I卷)But the sport's strange form does 示动名词的动作与句子谓语动词的动作同时发 place considerable stress on the ankles and hips,so 生，完成时表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词的 people with a history of such injuries might want 动作之前。 to be cautious in adopting(adopt)the sport. [基础练通]单句语法填空 3.urge vt..催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动 (1)He insisted on being treated (treat)as an ordi- 单句语法填空 nary employee. (1)“Man overboard！Turn the boat around!” (2)She can't bear being ignored (ignore). urged(urge)George,shouting loudly. [能力提升]完成句子 (2)(2022·新高考I卷)Now,when having trou- (3)Did you enjoy being shown round the factory? ble in learning English well,plenty of students 你喜欢有人带着参观一下工厂吗？ urge to know how to deal with it. (4)There's no point in his being sent home. (3)I never felt an urge to learn any sign language 把他送回家毫无意义。 before. 2.However,making a paper bag uses four times as (4)(2025·浙江1月卷)If the information you're much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. communicating isn't urgent(urge),consider send- 然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能源是制造一个塑 ing an email. 料袋的四倍，用水量达到制造一个塑料袋的 4.cut off切断；断绝；中断电话 三倍。 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义/用cut的相关短语 本句使用了倍数表达法“倍数十as much十不可数 填空 名词+as”和“倍数十the十计量名词十of”。 (1)He cut off the dragon's head with one stroke of 四种常见表示“倍数”的句型： his sword. 切下 ①倍数十as+adj./ad.的原级十as. (2)A helicopter dropped supplies to farms cut off ②倍数十adi./adu.的比较级十than.. by the snow. 阻隔 ③倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/width/ (3)The baseball game was cut off by the TV news height/depth...)+of... broadeast. 中断 ④倍数十what从句 (4)They were almost completely cut off from the 在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice,三倍或 outside world. 隔绝 三倍以上用“基数词+times”。倍数有时也可 (5)She was really cut up when all her friends re- 以用分数、百分数、half等来替换 fused to help her. [基础练通]单句语法填空 (6)When you give a speech,you'd better cut out (1)The electronic waste stream is increasing three unimportant details. times faster (fast)than traditional garbage as a (7)I was speaking to Ann on the phone when sud- whole. denly we were cut off. (2)The new stadium being built for the next Asian (8)It is bad manners for you to always cut in Games will be three times as big as the present one. when other people are talking. (3)The population now in this village is five times 第二板块】 what it was ten years ago. LDIERBANKUAI 句式精剖析 [能力提升]完成句子 1.This includes keeping the original environment (4)It's known to us that the earth is 49 times as from being touched. large as/larger than/the size of the moon. 这包括阻止原始环境被触及。 众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。 103 高考总复习英语（外研版） 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P91 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 3.Neither the teacher nor his students have come I.单词拼写 across such a difficult problem. 1.They made fires to cook dinner,scare()wild 4.You rather than Tom are to blame for the acci- beasts away and keep warm. dent. 2.It is a new magazine targeted()at single men. 5.The old man said the accident was due to careless 3.Everything depends on people's attitudes(). driving,so a lot of money was due to be paid by 4.All his life was devoted(致力于)to helping those the driver. who needed to be helped. 6.Don't be scared of the supervisor.His bark is 5.The book tells readers the cruelty (of the worse than his bite and he's really a nice guy. slave trade at that time. V.完成句子 6.The old machine has been damaged(损害)beyond 1.未经允许，任何人不许入内。 repair. Without permission,nobody can go inside. Ⅱ.语境填空 2.恶劣天气已给农作物带来重大损害。 1.It was your bad attitude towards/to your work The bad weather has done great damage to the that made your parents upset. crops. 2.With the government's aid,those affected(affect) 3.正是在当地导游的帮助下，那位登山者获救了。 by the earthquake have moved to the new settle- It was with the help of the local guide that the ments. climber was rescued. 3.Only after he finished his homework was he per- 4.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。 mitted to play(play)football with his friends. The room is three times as big as/three times big- 4.I always prefer to start early,rather than leave ger than/three times the size of that one. everything to the last minute. 5.你需要让你的孩子去追求自己所热爱的事情，并鼓 5.The adoption adopt)of new technology helps 励孩子。 workers work in a better condition. You need to let your kids go after what they love, 6.Professor Smith is due to give(give)us a lecture and encourage them. at eight tomorrow morning. [重落实] 7.The Chinese Education Ministry has urged all the I.单元巩固练 students to participate (participate)in the winter 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的 long-distance running activity. 正确形式（黑体词为本单元重点词汇）。 8.When I have a different opinion,I may choose to Since the film Jaws was shown in 1975,people give it up and respect the opinion of the majority have always been 1.scared(scare)of sharks.Many (major). people who saw the film started to believe that 9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the sharks were bad 2.animals(animal)that ate hu- environment where they live. mans.Some people started fishing for sharks,3.kill- 10.She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds away/off. ing(kill)as many as they could.At that time,no- Ⅲ.选词填空 body cared if sharks were killed,or how many sharks take into account,come across,cut off,be scared were killed.People just wanted them killed.After of,due to,rather than 1975,4.the number of large sharks fell 5.quickly 1.However,if I had to give up one of them,I would (quick)around the world.This was not only due turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell 6.to fear of sharks,but also finning.Finning would phone or cut off the Internet. have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley,the 2.Working in a team,we have to take into account man who wrote the book the film Jaws 7.was based how each individual member works best. (base)on.In 1980,Benchley 8.was diving dive) ·104· 基础必备必修第二册 when he came across an awful sight.It was an area Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(12)一“有关看的表达” 9.where fishermen were finning,and the sea floor ●[多样表达] was covered with dead sharks.He came to see people 1.watch v.观察；聚精会神地看 as a danger to sharks,rather than the other way 2.observe v.观察 round.From that day on,he 10.fought (fight)to 3.notice v.注意到 protect sharks. 4.glance at一瞥，看一眼 Ⅱ.话题微写作（演讲稿） 5.stare at盯住 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，学校即将举办 6.glare at怒目而视 “低碳校园，从我做起”的英语主题演讲活动，你要报 7.peep at偷窥 名参加。请根据以下提示，写一篇演讲稿： 8.gaze at凝视 1.指出校园中不符合低碳环保理念的现象： 9.glimpse at瞥一眼 2.建议从身边小事做起，如… 10.catch sight of看到 3.号召大家行动起来。 1l.look around环顾 试题词汇：低碳校园low carbon campus 12.look down俯视 注意：1.词数80左右； 13.look through浏览 2.可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； 14.catch a glimpse of偷瞄一眼 3.尽可能用本单元知识； 15.look out of the window望向窗外 4.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 16.take a quick look瞥见；不经意间看到 My fellow students, 17.look at sb.straight in the eyes/look into one's eyes直视某人的眼睛 18.exchange a glance with sb.与某人交换眼色 I9.eyes rest on sth.目光落在… 20.fix eyes on盯着 ●[佳句观摩] 1.我们都聚在电视机前，祈求看一眼他的脸。 We all gathered in front of the television,praying to catch a glance/glimpse of his face. Thank you! 2.没有其他人注意到我们，我放下礼物，猛地按了按 [参考范文] 他的门铃。 My fellow students, Seeing no other people notice us,I placed the pres- Recently,some careless behaviors like wasting ent down and pounded his doorbell. food and leaving lights on all day long at school have 3.她的眼睛落在我四岁生日聚会时我和她的照片上。 raised our concern,all of which are bad for the envi- Her eyes fell on the photos of her and me at my ronment.To deal with such problems,I'd like to fourth birthday party. give the following proposals to promote awareness of ●[好句仿写] green living. 1.她快乐地唱歌，用又大又明亮的眼睛目不转睛地看 Firstly,always turn off the lights in your class- 着周围的环境。 room upon leaving.Secondly,don't order more than Singing happily,she gazed at her surroundings you need in the school canteen to save every bit of with her large,innocent eyes. food.After all,the production of food produces a 2.这位妇女热切地看着这个女孩，想和她说话。 large amount of greenhouse gases.Thirdly,take re- The woman was staring eagerly at the girl,trying usable water bottles along instead of bottled water to to make a conversation. reduce plastic waste. 3.当这位女士感到越来越沮丧和绝望时，我无助地 Small acts can make a big difference.So let's do 看着。 something to create a beautiful,low carbon campus. I watched helplessly,as the woman felt more and Thank you！ more frustrated and hopeless. ·105· 高考总复习英语（外研版） 培优提能加餐 学生用书P92 高考对接素养培优 [培优1]单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出lecture的含义 l.The share price dived from49p(便士)to an all- A.n.讲座；演讲B.n.教训C..训斥 time low of 40p .突然下降，暴跌 1.What makes me annoyed is that he is always lectu- 2.She was adopted as candidate for Wood Green. ring me about my behavior. C u.选定，选举 2.I feel greatly honored to deliver a lecture which is 3.There,the 14-year-old girl discovered she was designed for senior three students. A pregnant and was reduced to begging on the 3.As a senior high school student,I know I must streets to keep herself and her child alive. stop smoking-don't give me a lecture about it. .使沦落，迫使 B [培优2]高考语篇培素养 Topic:微塑料污染 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2025·全国-卷)Microplastics have become a common source 1.How does the author present the of pollution across the Earth-they have settled in the deep sea and issue in the first paragraph? on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of A.By quoting an expert. seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even ap- B.By defining a concept. pearing inside humans. C.By giving examples. Now,new research suggests that a simple,cheap measure may D.By providing statistics. significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap 2.What determines the effective- (水龙头)：boiling and filtering(过滤)it.In a study published ness of trapping microplastics in Wednesday in Environmental Science &Technology Letters,re- water? searchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five mi- A.The hardness of water. nutes-then filtering it after it cools-could remove at least 80 per- B.The length of cooling time. cent of its microplastics. C.The frequency of filtering. Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough cal- D.The type of plastic in water. cium carbonate(碳酸钙)to trap the plastics.In the study,boiling 3.What does the author try to il- hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an lustrate by mentioning bottled almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 water in Paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic re- milligrams of calcium carbonate,boiling reduced the level of plastics cycling. by just 25 percent.Additionally,the research didn't include all types B.The severity of the microplas- of plastics.The team focused only on three common types-polysty- tic problem. rene,polyethylene and polypropylene-and they didn't study other C.The danger in overusing pure chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. water. Still,the findings show a potential path forward for reducing mi- D.The difficulty in treating pol- croplastic exposure-a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. luted water. Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. suggestion about? Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics A.Choice of new research are-but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study sug- methods. gests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake."The way they B.Possible direction for further demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process study. was nice,Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,an environmental engineer at C.Need to involve more re- the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the re- searchers. search,tells New Scientist."We should be looking into upgrading D.Potential application of the drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics. findings ·106· 基础必备必修第二册 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一项关于 ◆素材积累 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已 (一)由文本积累主题词块 遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自 1.become a common source of pollution 来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有 成为常见的污染源 塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。 2.reduce the level of microplastics 降低微塑料的含量 苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效 性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 3.lead to an almost 90 percent drop 导致下降近90% l.C[推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics 4.include all types of plastics 包括所有类型的塑料 have become a common source of pollution across 5.was not involved in the research 未参与研究 the Earth-they have settled in the deep sea and (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks, 1.volcanic adi. 火山的 filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in 2.significantly adv. 显著地 fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing in- 3.crucially adv. 关键地 side humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染 4.milligram n. 源一它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火 毫克 山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。 5.upgrade v. 升级，提升 它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填在横线上） 过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。] 1.process 2.A[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Crucially,this A.过程B.步骤C.处理D.加工 process relies on the water containing enough cal- cium carbonate(碳酸钙)to trap the plastics.In DI recommend that you avoid processed foods the study,boiling hard water containing 300 milli- whenever possible. D grams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 2Our sales information is processed by computer. percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate,boiling 3Employees should have a voice in the decision- reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. making process. A 关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水 4The method and process for realizing the func- 来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸 tions was shown. B 钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在 碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了 2.drop 25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料 A.滴B.下降C.水珠D.落下 的有效性的是水的硬度。] DFruits soon drop down when they get ripe.D 3.B[推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still,the find 2It was stated that standards at the hospital were ings show a potential path forward for reducing dropping. B microplastic exposure-a task that's becoming in- 3A few drops of green food coloring were added. creasingly difficult.Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times A more microplastics than originally thought. 4Tiny drops of water in the air form clouds. 如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途 C 径—这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时 ◆长句缩写 候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也 Microplastics have become a common source of 比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者 pollution across the Earth -they have settled in 提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。] the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside 4.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“‘The way volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. through the boiling process was nice,'Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,an environmental engineer at [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) not involved in the research,tells New Scientist. 去掉，留下“主于”（主谓宾或主系表）。 We should be looking into upgrading drinking Microplastics have become a (common )source of water treatment plants so they remove microplas- pollution [across the Earth-they have settled in tics.’(格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新 科学家》杂志：‘他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸 volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds 过程被捕获的方式很好。’‘我们应该考虑升级饮用 and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow]. 水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。)”可知， Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用， [句子缩写]Microplastics have become a source 升级饮用水处理厂。] of pollution.(不超过10个单词) 107·