基础必备 必修第一册 Unit 5 Into the wild（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（外研版）

Unit 5 主题语境人与自然 人与动物的关系 必备 Into the wild 词块背诵 佳句赏析 1.A mother deer with a huge pair of deer horns appeared in 1.in trouble 处于困境，惹麻烦 front of him,with a baby fawn lying on the dry ground. 2.at certain times of the year 一只小鹿躺在干燥的地面上，一只长着一对巨大鹿角的鹿 在每年的特定时间 妈妈出现在他面前。 3.a long and difficult journey 2.It was on that day that the cat became part of our family.It ·段漫长而艰难的旅程 was a gift far beyond anything I could have imagined. 4.as busy as a bee 忙得不可开交 就在那一天猫成了我们家庭的一部分，这是一份我想不到 5.rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 的礼物。 6.recover from the shock 3.We sat together waiting for shelter workers,while the dog 从震惊中恢复过来 7.show respect to all animals尊重所有动物 didn't move except to lick my face. 我们一起坐着等着收容所的工作人员，而我的小狗一动不 8.kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟 动，除了舔我的脸。 复盘>必备知识 学生用书P33 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] 写 1.seek v. 寻找，寻求 8.source n. 来源，出处 2.measure v. 量，测量 9.found v. 创立，创建 需 3.position n. 位置 10.button n. 按钮 4.crash v. 暴跌 11.recover v. 恢复 5.percent n. 百分比 12.variety n. 多样化，变化 其 破坏，毁掉 6.destroy v. 13.path n. 小径，小道 7.authority n. 当权，权力 14.eventually adv. 终于，最终 l.annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的n.年刊；年鉴→annually adv.每年地；年度地→anniversary n.周年 拓 纪念 2.determine vt..决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n.决心 单 3.solution n.解答；答案→solve a.解决；解答 词 4.survive vi..幸免；幸存；生还→survival n.幸存；生还→survivor n.幸存者 5.effect n.效果；作用→effective adj.有效的；起作用的 通 6.shock vt.&i.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震 惊的 用 7.concentrate vi.&t.集中；聚集→concentration n.集中 8.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v.冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的 9.imagine v.想象→imagination n.想象；想象力→imaginative adj.富有想象力的 阅 单 1.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的 4.element n. 基本部分，要素 2.whale n. 鲸 5.per prep. 每个 3.creature n. 生物，动物 6.file n. 档案 其 ·38· 基础必备必修第一册 [Part2闪记·核心短语] 1.after all 毕竞 2.cut down 砍倒 7.in search of 寻找，搜寻 3.make sure 确保 8.hold your horses 慢点，别急 4.stare at 凝视，盯着看 9.rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 5.at a speed of 以一种…速度 10.brave the elements 不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨 6.kill two birds with one stone 11.concentrate on 全神贯注于 举两得，一箭双雕 [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizeman(Eli Shlize- 1.过去分词短语作后置定语 man领导的)at the University of Washington has now found the answer. 2.the十比较级..，the十比较级.. The more we know about this lovely creature,the greater ( the chance it will survive... 3.动词不定式作后置定语 Another reason to use idioms(使用习语)is that they are concise. [Part4积累·联想拓展] “悲喜”交加 all短语全接触 ①sadness 悲哀；悲伤 ①in all 总共；总计 ②sorrow 悲伤；悲痛 ②above all 首先；首要 ③shock 震惊；惊愕 ③after all 毕竞 ④depression 沮丧；抑郁 ④at all 究竟；到底 ⑤happiness 高兴 ⑤not at all 根本不；别客气 聚焦>层级突破 学生用书P34 聚焦核心要点落实 第一板块 LDIYIBANKUAI- 词汇点拔台 [基础练通]用measure的适当形式填空 (2)(2022·1月浙江卷)The average peak work [核心词汇一逐点清] load was measured at 103 watts. l.measure vt..测定；测量；有…长（宽、高等） (3)(2024·全国甲卷)The government has strug n.尺寸；措施 gled to come up with measures to address the P[教材对接] problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas (1)It uses its eyes to measure the position of east of the Volga River. the sun. [能力提升]语段填空 它用眼睛测量太阳的位置。 (4)In my childhood,my family used to be very poor so I couldn't afford to wear new clothes made ①be measured by/in 用…来衡量 to my measure(为我量身定做的).But I was still 2make...to one's measure very happy because I knew happiness shouldn't be 按某人的尺寸做… measured by/,in(以…来衡量)money.Now it's take measures (to do sth. time for me to take measures(采取措施)to make 采取措施（做某事） my parents happy. ·39· 高考总复习英语（外研版） 名师点津 [基础练通]单句语法填空 ①measure表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。 (2)(2023·新课标I卷)He was amazed(amaze)at ②measure表示“某物有…长（宽、高等）”时，为 the results.The plants and animals in the eco-ma- 不及物动词，其后接表示事物长（宽、高等）的名 chine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! 词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；如果此意义的 (3)(2025·全国二卷)Nevertheless,it serves as a 短语作后置定语，要用现在分词的形式。 reminder that there are many ways to address 2.determine vt..决定；确定；下定决心 problems of sustainability,and that you can make [教材对接] an amazing(amaze)meal out of almost anything. (1)These two pieces of information-the time of [能力提升]一句多译 day and the point where the sun is in the sky-al- 他通过了考试，这使我们很惊讶。 low the butterfly to determine the way to go. (4)It amazed us that he had passed the test..(it作形式 这两条信息 一天的时间和太阳在天空中的位 置 主语) 使得蝴蝶能确定要走的路。 Dbe determined to do sth.决心做某事 (5)What amazed us was that he had passed the ②determine v. 下决心；查明；裁决 test.(主语从句) determine sb.to do sth. (6)He had passed the test,which amazed us. 使某人下定决心做某事 语从句) determine to do sth. 决定做某事（动作） 名师点津形容词化的amazing表示“令人吃惊 determine on (doing)sth. 决定（做）某事 的”，表示事物的特征，强调引起吃惊的感觉；形容 determine that... 决心/决定… 词化的amazed表示“吃惊的”，强调人内心的感 ③determination n. 决心 受。具有同等用法的词有：interest,frighten, [基础练通]单句语法填空 (2)(2o25·北京卷)Determined(determine)to fol-- bore,admire等。 low my instincts(本能)on what I felt success 4.effect n.影响，结果 means,I only chose two classes that I knew I [教材对接] would enjoy. (1)Then use the sentences to complete the "cause- (3)(2024·北京卷)(Once a pair has been deter- effect'”flow charts. mined(determine)to be suitable,the students will 然后用这些句子完成“因果关系”的流程图 be contacted individually with a special permission ①have an effect on/upon对…有影响 number to register for the programme. [能力提升]句型转换 bring/,carry/put..into effect实施；使生效 (4)Because he was determined to make a fortune, come/go into effect开始生效；开始实施 he went to work in a gold mine. take effect生效；开始实施 >Determined to make a fortune,he went to work ②affect v.影响 in a gold mine. effective adj..有效的 3.amazing adj.令人吃惊的；难以置信的 [基础练通]单句语法填空 [教材对接] (2)(2025·全国二卷)These effects aren't just (1)The solution to the mystery of the monarch's short-term but have been proved to affect(effect) amazing ability comes at a time when it is in seri- ous trouble. a teen's well-being in the years to come. 解开黑脉金斑蝶惊奇能力之谜，是在它陷入严重困 (3)Best of all,humor raises your energy,and that 境的时候。 can have an effect on/upon everything you do at ①amazed adj. 吃惊的 school,at work,or in your personal life. be amazed at/,with sth.对某事吃惊 (4)The agreement signed between the two compa- be amazed to do sth. 因做某事而吃惊 nies last week will come into effect soon. ②amazement n. 吃惊 [能力提升]同义句转换 to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是 (5)Sitting for a long time is bad for your health. in amazement 吃惊地，惊奇地 Sitting for a long time has a bad effect on your ③amaze ut: 使吃惊 health. ·40· 基础必备必修第一册 5.in search of寻找，搜寻 ①a variety of(varieties of)各种各样的 [教材对接 ②vary v. 变化；不同；变更；改变 (1)They migrate to find food,seek a partner,or in vary with 随…而变化 search of warmer weather. vary from 不同于… 它们为了觅食、寻找伴侣或温暖的天气而迁徙。 vary in 在…方面不同，有差异 ①in one's search for 寻找 vary from...to... 由…到…情况不等 ②search v. 寻找，搜寻 ③various adj: 各种各样的；多方面的 search...for... 在…搜寻… [基础练通]单句语法填空 search for 寻找 (2)(2024·北京卷)The similarity of moral virtues [基础练通]单句语法填空 across cultures is striking,even though the rela- (2)The police searched the house for the lost jewelry. tive ranking of the virtues may vary(variety)with a social group's history and environment. (3)Many people went to some big cities in search (3)(2025·北京卷)Join us for TransForm,the of a better life. interactive summer camp that helps you teens find (4)The search for the missing man was given up. your passion by participating in various variety) [能力提升]完成句子 activities and connecting with others. (5)Firefighters searched the buildings for survivors. (4)(2024·新课标I卷)The reasons relate to a 消防队员在建筑物里搜寻幸存者。 variety various)of factors,including reduced 6.recover from从…中恢复过来 concentration,an entertainment mindset ( [教材对接] and a tendency to multitask while consuming dig- (1)When I recovered from the shock,I looked at ital content. my camera. [能力提升]语段填空 当我从震惊中缓过神来时，我看了看我的相机。 (5)Today,people from various cultures get to- ①recover oneself 恢复健康，痊愈：清醒过来 gether happily.They vary in language.Though ②recovery. 恢复，痊愈；复兴，复苏 they all agree that cultures vary from one country [基础练通]单句语法填空 to another,they all think that there are still a vari- ety of similarities in it. (2)The young man was very strong and he recov- 今天，来自不同文化背景的人们欢聚在一起。他们 ered from a cold. 在语言上有差异。尽管他们都同意一个国家的文 (3)The young boy had a quick recovery(recover) 化与另一个国家的文化是不同的，但是他们认为在 from his cold. 文化方面仍然有许多共同之处。 [能力提升]完成句子 名师点津 (4)The player is under good treatment and the ①a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语 chances are that he will recover from his injury in 时，谓语动词用复数形式。 time for the next game. ②the variety of-十复数名词，意为“…的品种”， 这个球员正在接受良好的治疗，他将有可能及时摆 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 脱伤病，参加下一场比赛。 8.accommodation n.住处，工作场所 [教师专享] 》[教材对接] 7.variety n.变化；多样性；种类 (1)Our accommodation is perfect. [教材对接] 我们的住宿条件很好。 (1)As the world's first national park,Yellowstone accommodate v. 容纳；向…提供住处；适 is famous for the variety of its wildlife,but it is 应，顺应 probably best known for its bears. accommodate to 适应 作为世界上第一个国家公园，黄石国家公园因其种 [基础练通]写出下列黑体部分的含义 类繁多的野生动植物而闻名，但最出名的可能是它 (2)Can we find accommodations at a hotel for the 的熊。 night in the busy tourism season? 住处 ·41 高考总复习英语（外研版） (3)Some creatures couldn't accommodate to the (4)First of all,let me say how glad I am to be here changing conditions and died out. 适应 today. (4)The garage can't accommodate so many cars. (5)We must work hard,and above all we must be- 容纳 lieve that each of us is able to do something well. (5)Mr.Brown will accommodate us with use of his 「第二板块 向…提供住处 -DIERBANKUAI- 句式精剖析 house while we are abroad. [能力提升]完成句子 1.A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizer- (6)It includes a round-trip ticket,hotel accommo- man at the University of Washington has now dations and three meals each day found the answer. 它包括一张往返票、酒店住宿和一日三餐。 由华盛顿大学的Eli Shlizerman教授领导的一组 [间考词汇一要知晓] 科学家现在已经找到了答案。 1.seek.(sought,sought)寻求，寻找；追求；探求；探索 本句中过去分词短语led by..作A team of scien- 单句语法填空 tists的后置定语。 (1)We are seeking to find(find)a way to make us ①过去分词作定语表示动作与被修饰名词或代词 get along well with the people around us. 是被动关系；现在分词作定语表示动作与被修饰 (2)Don't just wait to be informed.You should try 名词或代词是主动关系 to seek for the information you need. ②分词短语作定语常后置，修饰前面的名词，相当 (3)The student often seeks advice from the teach- 于一个定语从句。 er on his study. [基础练通]单句语法填空 (4)(2022·全国乙卷)Try to seek out chances to (1)(2024·新课标I卷)Volunteers aged(age)l0 renew friendships. and over are welcome. 2.survive vt.幸存；幸免于难；比…话得时间长 (2)(2023·1月浙江卷)Last week,in a public de vi.幸存；存活 bate in San Francisco,a software program called 单句语法填空 (call)Project Debater beat its human opponents, (1)(2023·北京卷)That project,which I could including Noa Ovadia,Israel's former national de complete from my sofa instead of in the burning bating champion. heat of the desert,not only survived(survive)the (3)(2025·全国一卷)In a study published(pub lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't. lish)Wednesday in Environmental Science & (2)Mr.White survived his wife by 9 years. Technology Letters,researchers from China found (3)Many of the peasants managed to survive on that boiling tap water for just five minutes-then filtering it after it cools-could remove at least 80 tiny plots of corn and beans. (4)She was the last survivor(survive)of the family. percent of its microplastics. [能力提升]完成句子 3.concentrate vt.专注，专心 单句语法填空 (4)Some people invited to the party are famous poets (1)The local government should concentrate on 被邀请到派对的一些人是著名诗人。 doing(do)some meaningful things to satisfy the 2.The more we know about this lovely creature,the people. greater the chance it will survive... (2)We must concentrate our efforts on improving 我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存的可 education. 能性就越大…… (3)Ocean colour varies from green to blue,depen- 本句用了“the十比较级.，the十比较级.”何 ding on the type and concentration(concentrate) 型；表示“越…就越…”。前面的句子用一般 of phytoplankton(浮游植物). 现在时，后面的句子用一般将来时或一般现在时； 4.after all毕竟；终究 选词填空 或者前后的句子都用一般过去时。 [基础练通]单句语法填空 at all,in all,after all,above all,first of all (1)(2023·全国甲卷)You'1 I soon find that the (1)The number of the first women pilots is 16 more(much)patience you practice,the more you in all. start to apply it to other more annoying situa- (2)(2025·全国-卷)After all,I had left him lit- tions. tle choice.Well,he'll get over it,I reasoned. (2)(2021·新高考I卷)The amazing thing about (3)Though near to Liu Qian,he didn't make out the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, Liu's magic at all. the hotter(hot)the spring! ·42· 基础必备必修第一册 (3)The more you practice something,the better at [能力提升]完成句子 it you will become(become). (5)(2024·北京卷)And the more tools we have, (4)(2022·全国甲卷)The more time you spend in the more effective and insightful we can become. any given country,the more comfortable(comfort- able)you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural 我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效和更有 practices. 洞察力。 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P37 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 5.A lot of people dived into the lake in search of the I.单词拼写 lost diamond ring. l.Sometimes a person may be in a position(位置) 6.Children should be taught not to stare at or laugh where he has to reject other people's criticism and at the disabled people. stick to his own ideas. V.完成句子 2.I am determined()to get a ticket for the con- 1.她张了张嘴，好像要说什么。 cert even if it means standing in a line all night. She opened her mouth as if to say something. 3.I cannot clearly hear what the professor ( 2.你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。 says as there is too much noise. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you 4.Our bad living habits will destroy(破坏)the will make. earth.Only by changing how we live can we save 3.使我们吃惊的是，社交网络发展的如此之快。 the earth. What amazes us is that the development of social 5.The happy scene()of children playing in the networking is so fast. garden reminded him of his childhood. 4.两年前建的这座桥是世界第二长桥。 6.Take this medicine so that you can recover() The bridge built two years ago is the second lon- soon. gest in the world. Ⅱ.语境填空 5.他和父母都出去寻找丢失的狗了。 1.I suggest high schools should take measures to He and his parents all went out in search of the ban(ban)students from smoking. lost dog. 2.By doing so,they helped raise the environmental [重落实] awareness(aware). I.单元巩固练 3.Since so many species have been destroyed,we 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的 have to protect the ones that are still with us. 正确形式（黑体词为本单元重点词汇）。 4.Mr.White's car was destroyed(destroy)in a flood. Many animals move from one place to another 5.Costa Rica is the best known for its beautiful beaches. at certain times of the year.This annual movement 6.If (he was)found guilty,Jones could face up to 20 1.is called(call)migration.One of the most wonder- years in jail. ful migrations in nature is 2.that of the North 7.The road is not smooth,but you can easily drive at American monarch butterfly.Every autumn,3.mil- a speed of 50 km/h. lions(million)of these beautiful insects begin a long 8.With the sun beginning to set,we still had to cov- and difficult journey.Somehow they manage to find er 50 kilometres. 4.their(they)way to California or Mexico.Howev- 9.She turned quickly away,and then stared back at er,until 5.recently(recent)no one knew how they him for a moment. did this.Some scientists now have found out that the 10.How long does it usually take you to recover monarch is able to tell the time of day and measure from this terrible situation? the position of the sun,which allows the butterfly Ⅲ.选词填空 6.to determine(determine)the way to go.The solu- after all,cut down,stare at,in search of,at a speed tion to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability of,hold one's horses comes at a time 7.when it is in serious trouble.Sad- 1.Please hold your horses before you get mad at me. ly,its population 8.has crashed(crash)by as much 2.Don't believe the advertisement.After all,it is the as 90 per cent in the last few years because of human customers who pay for whatever you are given. activity.The research has however led to 9.a greater 3.Immediate actions should be taken,like stopping awareness of this creature.The more we know about cutting down trees to better the environment. this lovely creature,the 10.greater (great)the 4.Our physics teacher said that light travels at a chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural speed of about 300,000 km per second. world for a long time to come. ·43· 高考总复习英语（外研版） Ⅱ.话题微写作（投稿） 3.average adj.普通的，平常的 假定你是李华，你校将以“保护野生动物”为主 4.a graceful figure优美的身段 题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容 5.a shapely figure匀称的身材 包括： 6.a skinny figure瘦削的身材 1.野生动物的现状； 7.a slim figure苗条的身材 2.保护野生动物的重要性； 8.a well-developed figure发育良好的身体 3.保护野生动物的措施。 9.a handsome/,striking figure仪表堂堂 注意：1.词数80左右； l0.have a good figure(人)形体很好 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Il.a man of average build中等身材的人 3.尽量使用本单元知识点。 12.awel-built man身材魁梧的人 l3.rather ordinary looking相貌很普通 14.clear blue eyes清澈的蓝眼睛 15.have a shoulder-length hair style留着齐肩发 l6.average face大众脸 I7.have a plain face相貌平平 [参考范文] 18.be plainly dressed穿着朴素 As is known to us,some wild animals are in se- ●[佳句观摩] rious trouble nowadays,whose habitats are being 1.我哥哥身材高大，穿着西服，打着领带，非常帅气。 destroyed.To make it worse,the population of My brother was a big man,smartly dressed in a suit some animals has crashed sharply due to many fac- and tie. tors,like climate change,disasters as well as human 2.她衣着朴素，粉黛不施。 activities. She was plainly dressed and wore no make-up. However,it's of significance for us to protect 3.他是一位和蔼善良的老人，留着灰白色的胡子，有 wild animals because they are not only essential part 一双蓝色的眼睛和鸟儿都喜欢的声音。 of the living environment where humans live in,but He was an old and kind man with gray beard,blue also important natural resources. eyes,and a voice that the birds loved. Therefore,it's high time that immediate action ●[好句仿写] should be taken to work out the issue.On the one 1.这个男人中等身材，灰褐色头发，长着一张过目即 hand,our government should make laws and regula- 忘的脸。 tions to protect them.On the other hand,nature re- The man was of average figure,with mousy hair serves should be set up to make sure they have a safe and a forgettable face. habitat.The last but not least,the public awareness 2.汤姆是个身材修长、皮肤黝黑的帅小伙。 of protecting the wild animals should be further im- Tom was a slim and darkly handsome young man. proved. 3.格雷琴，一个衣衫褴褛的小姑娘，并没有和其他人 Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(5)一“人物外貌” 争抢，而是一直谦卑地站在远处。 ●[多样表达] Gretchen,a poorly-dressed little girl,did not quar- 1.handsome adj.(男子)英俊的 rel or struggle with the rest,but remained stand- 2.pretty adj.漂亮的，俊俏的，清秀的 ing modestly in the distance. 培优提能加餐 学生用书P39 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出crash的含义 1.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks A.碰撞，坠落，坠毁B.暴跌C.崩溃D.破产 about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpak- 1.Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday. stan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. vt.杀死 B 2.My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor 2.Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes. heading towards the motorway. i.(因害怕等)吓呆了 C 3.(2024·北京卷)They come down squarely on one 3.The impact of crash hurtled the driver against the side or the other and fully support their position. n.立场 windshield of the car. A ·44· 基础必备必修第一册 [培优2]高考语篇培素养 一Topic:数字生物多样性记录存在偏见 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2024·新课标I卷)In the race to document the species on Earth 1.What do we know about the re- before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collect- cords of species collected now? ed billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in A.They are becoming outdated. the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in B.They are mostly in electronic an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not form. perfect. C.They are limited in number. "With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make obser- D.They are used for public exhi- vations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,"said bition. Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant profes- 2.What does Daru's study focus on? sor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. "These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes A.Threatened species. from physical specimens(标本)，and since we are increasingly using B.Physical specimens. observational data to investigate how species are responding to global C.Observational data. change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?" D.Mobile applications. Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects, 3.What has led to the biases ac- birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data re- cording to the study? present actual global biodiversity patterns. "We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sam- A.Mistakes in data analysis. pling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of B.Poor quality of uploaded pic- a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the tures. grass right next to it,said Daru. C.Improper way of sampling. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only D.Unreliable data collection de- records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data vices. are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This 4.What is Daru's suggestion for makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity da- ta on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their en- biodiversity apps? counters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased to- A.Review data from certain are- ward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. as. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? B.Hire experts to check the re- “Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our cords. study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to C.Confirm the identity of the places-and even species-that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage us- users. ers to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded im- D.Give guidance to citizen scien- age.” tists. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“These observa- 斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存 tions now outnumber the primary data that comes 在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的 from physical specimens(标本)，and since we are 数据。 increasingly using observational data to investigate l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Today,most re- how species are responding to global change,I cords of biodiversity are often in the form of pho- wanted to know:Are they usable?(这些观察结果 tos,videos,and other digital records..(今天，大多 现在超过了来自实体标本的原始数据，而且由于我 数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字 们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对 记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大 全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？)”和第四段 多是以电子形式存在的。] ·45· 高考总复习英语（外研版） "We were particularly interested in exploring the 3.with the rise of technology 随着科技的兴起 aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) 4.with the aid of 借助于，通过…的帮助 data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scien- 5.take a picture of 拍一张…照片 tist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of 6.lead to better global coverage the grass right next to it,'said Daru.(Daru说‘我 导致更好的全球覆盖范围 们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的 7.improve the quality of observational data 方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照 提高观测数据的质量 片，而不是它旁边的草’。)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察 1.document n. 文件；（计算机）文档 数据。] 2.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 3.C[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘We were particu- 3.biology n. 生物学 larly interested in exploring the aspects of sam- 4.observational adj. 观察的 pling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the 5.dataset n. 数据集 greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a 6.likelihood n. 可能性 picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填在横线上） right next to it,.’said Daru.(Daru说‘我们特别感 1.shift 兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如 A改变B.自己谋生C.转换D.变速 公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是 DWe need to shift the focus of this debate. 它旁边的草’。)”以及第五段“This makes sense be- C cause the people who get observational biodiversi- 2When their father died last year,the children ty data on mobile devices are often citizen scien- had to shift for themselves. B tists recording their encounters with species in ar- 3Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted eas nearby.(这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获 over the past 50 years. A 得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他 2.aspect 们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知， A.方面B.面貌C.方位 D.方向 导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。] 4.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity DThe country's industry is assuming a new as- pect. B apps can use our study results to inform users of 2The book aims to cover all aspects of city life. oversampled areas and lead them to places-and A even species-that are not well-sampled.To im- prove the quality of observational data,biodiversi- 3The future research aspect about the system is given. ty apps can also encourage users to have an expert D ◆长句缩写 confirm the identification of their uploaded image. In the race to document the species on Earth be- (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来 告知用户哪些区域被过度采样，并将他们引导到未 fore they go extinct,researchers and citizen scien- 充分采样的地方，甚至是寻找未充分采样的物种。 tists have collected billions of records. [句子剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身 去掉，留下“主于”（主谓宾或主系表）。 份。)”可知，Daru建议生物多样性应用应该给公民 科学家提供指导。] [In the race to document the species (on Earth) ◆素材积累 (before they go extinct)],researchers and (citi- zen)scientists have collected(billions of)records. (一)由文本积累主题词块 [句子缩写]Researchers and scientists have col- 1.collect billions of records 收集了数十亿份记录 lected records..(不超过10个单词) 2.in the form of 以…形式 ·46·