必修第一册 课时冲关5 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

基础必备必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 学生用书课时冲关5P260 I.阅读A 主题：人与自然 体裁：记叙文 话题：发明地震传感器设备 Vivien He is a senior at a high school in A.She used to like playing hide and seek in Rolling Hills Estates.Growing up in Southern school. California,where earthquakes often happen,this B.She was often at risk of experiencing an 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding un- earthquake. der her school desk during earthquake drills. C.She once got injured severely in an earth- These ground tremors small earthquakes)are quake drill. the world's deadliest natural disasters.And D.She showed no interest in studying natural they're often unpredictable. disasters. Earthquake early warning systems do exist. 2.Why does the author mention the Shake Alert One is the Shake Alert system on the U.S.West system？ Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the A.To prove the necessity of early earthquake Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when monitoring stations. a quake strikes.Those stations then alert people B.To compare Shake Alert with Vivien's Qube that the ground under them may soon start to in terms of accuracy. shake.But it's hard to predict how much the C.To highlight the technological advancements ground will shake at any given place.And people in earthquake detection. closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck. D.To show the drawback of existing earth- They'll feel the shaking before they can get quake early warning systems. an alert. 3.What's the main function of Vivien He's de- Therefore,Vivien built an at-home earth- vice? quake sensor.Called the Qube,this device uses a A.Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors B.Collecting data about minor earthquakes. that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. C.Predicting the center of an earthquake. Then,it can warn users by sounding the alarm or D.Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. sending text alerts.To build it,Vivien bought a 4.What's implied about the network of Qubes? machine and watched YouTube videos to learn A.It's very challenging to build it. how to use it.Then she went to work in a spare B.It has limitations in large cities. bathroom. C.It can be easily applied at a low cost. During nine months of testing,Vivien's D.It just requires eight devices in each place. Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述 around Los Angeles.The motion data captured by 了Vivien He,一名来自南加州的高中生，鉴于地 her Qube also matched those from a nearby seis- 震频发的现状，她发明了一种名为Qube的地震传 mometer(地震仪)in the Southern California 感器设备，该设备体积小、成本低，更易于在城市 Seismic Network. 中广泛应用。 Vivien is now building up a network of l.B[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Growing Qubes around Los Angeles."I have eight devices up in Southern California,where earthquakes in different homes,"she says.A widespread often happen,this 18-year-old girl has spent Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of ShakeAlert seismic stations.When one Qube lots of time hiding under her school desk dur- ing earthquake drills.(在地震频发的南加州长 starts to shake,it could alert users across town 大，这个18岁的女孩在地震演习中花了很多时 to an oncoming quake.But unlike earthquake mo- 间躲在课桌下。)”可知，Vivien He小时候经常 nitoring stations,Qubes are tiny and inexpen- 处于经历地震的风险中。] sive.About the size of a Rubik's cube,one Qube 2.D[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Earth costs less than $100 to make.So,many more of them could be installed around a city. quake early warning systems do exist.One is 1.What can we learn about Vivien He when she the Shake Alert system on the U.S.West was little? Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the ·329· 高考总复习英语 Shake Alert network detect ground shaking geophone to feel tremors that may mark the when a quake strikes.Those stations then alert beginning of a bigger quake.Then,it can warn people that the ground under them may soon users by sounding the alarm or sending text a- start to shake.But it's hard to predict how lerts.(这个被称为Qube设备使用一种叫做检 much the ground will shake at any given place. 波器的运动传感器来感知可能标志着更大地震 And people closest to an earthquake's source 开始的震动。然后，它可以通过发出警报或发 are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking before 送文本警报来警告用户。)”可知，Vivien He的 they can get an alert..(确实存在地震预警系统。 设备的主要功能是监测震动并发送警报。] 其中之一是美国西海岸的Shake Alert系统。 4.C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But un Shake Alert网络中的地震监测站在地震发生 like earthquake monitoring stations,Qubes are 时能够检测到地面的震动。然后，这些监测站 tiny and inexpensive.About the size of a 会向人们发出警报，告知他们脚下的地面可能 Rubik's cube,one Qube costs less than $100 很快就会开始震动。但是，很难预测在任何给 to make.So,many more of them could be in- 定地点地面会震动到什么程度。离震源最近的 stalled around a city.(但与地震监测站不同， 人就没那么幸运了。他们在收到警报之前就会 Qubes体积小、价格便宜。大约有一个魔方那 感觉到震动。)”可知，作者提到Shake Alert系 么大，一个Qube的制作成本不到100美元。因 统是为了展示现有地震预警系统的缺，点。] 此，可以在城市周围安装更多的Qubes。)”可推 3.A[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Called the 知，Qubes网络可以低成本地轻松应用。] Qube,this device uses a motion sensor called a 阅读B主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：干旱带来的问题 This summer has brought extreme heat and China hasn't been able to produce enough energy, droughts to places around the world.The since millions of people are using electricity to droughts are leading to serious problems and the keep cool.The government is calling on the pub- effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for lic to turn off the air conditioner when it is not years.Droughts aren't new,but Earth's rising too hot.The country is trying to make it rain by temperatures because of global warming are mak- shooting chemicals into clouds.But this is an un- certain and temporary response. ing them much harder to avoid. There are no easy solutions to any of these The drought in the Horn of Africa may be droughts.It took years to create the climate cri- the most serious situation.For several years,the sis,and it will take a long time to get it under area has had very little rain during the rainy sea- control.For now,governments and people will need sons.The dry conditions have killed millions of to carefully manage water supplies and other resources farm animals and destroyed the crops of farmers. to limit the damage as much as possible. The drought is causing energy problems in 5.What has been affected by droughts according Europe,too.The low water levels have cut the to the passage? amount of hydroelectric power that can be pro- A.Technology. B.Transportation. duced.Some rivers are so low that the heavy C.Education. D.Tourism. boats that carry coal can't travel on them. 6.What measures have been taken to deal with Farmers in California and Arizona have been droughts in China? hit particularly hard.California has put limits on A.Bringing water from other countries. water use across the state.Now water is being limited in other places.When there are water lim- B.Finding replacement for rain water. its,farmers aren't able to grow as many crops.That C.Limiting the use of drinking water. can drive up food prices,and that affects everyone. D.Controlling the use of electricity. China is facing similar problems.The drought has 7.How might the author feel about the fight dried up much of the water in the Yangtze,China's against drought? longest river.That has cut the amount of energy A.Concerned. B.Satisfied. produced by the world's largest dam by 40%. C.Disappointed. D.Optimistic. ·330· 基础必备必修第一册 8.What can be the best title for the passage? 6.D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“China A.Worldwide Droughts Appeared as New Problems hasn't been able to produce enough energy, B.China Is also Facing the Serious Drought Problem since millions of people are using electricity to C.Droughts Cause Problems Around the World keep cool.The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is D.Many Reasons Lead to the Drought Problem not too hot.(中国一直无法生产足够的能源，因 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了干 为数百万人都在使用电力来降温。政府呼吁公 旱给世界各地带来的问题。 众在天气不太热的时候关掉空调。)”可知，中国 5.B[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The drought 通过控制用电来应对干旱。] is causing energy problems in Europe,too.The 7.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts.It low water levels have cut the amount of hydro- took years to create the climate crisis,and it electric power that can be produced.Some riv- will take a long time to get it under control. ers are so low that the heavy boats that carry (这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法。气候危机的 coal can't travel on them.(千旱也给欧洲带来 产生历时多年，要控制气候危机也需要很长时 了能源问题。低水位减少了可生产的水力发电 间。)”可推知，作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧。] 量。有些河流水位很低，载煤的重型船只无法 8.C[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了 干旱给非洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中 在上面航行。)”可知，干旱导致有些河流水位降 国等多地带来的问题，由此推知“干旱在世界各 低，从而影响运输。] 地造成问题”是文章最佳标题。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：飓风中的安全 Hurricane season can be wild and unpredict- bad storm,having pictures and detailed notes able.1 Here are some ways you can beef up about what was in your home prior to the hurri- your home security in hurricane weather,even if cane will make it easier for police to track down you need to move out. stolen items. 2 That actually does nothing to ensure A.You should have a camera at home. your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板)is the on- winds. ly way to go when it comes to protecting those C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy important. sheets of plywood,measure your windows and D.You may see people taping windows before a use brackets(支架)to hold the plywood in place. hurricane comes. Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags E.They will be able to effectively keep storm wa- won't be able to help in the extreme storm,many ter out in many cases. people will be able to prevent flooding and exten- F.It will aid with your insurance company if any- sive damage to their belongings by placing sand- thing needs to be replaced. bags.3 Any storm water that is kept out of G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home is storm water that won't be able to your home and belongings. damage the belongings inside your home,so [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一 sandbags are well worth having at your doorways 些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 during a hurricane. l.G[根据前文“Hurricane season can be wild It's important to prepare the inside of your and unpredictable..”和后文“Here are some home for strong winds and rain.But you should ways you can beef up your home security..." also keep an eye on the outside of your house, 可知，空处承上启下，应描述飓风会对生命财产 too.Trim(trees,especially dead branches, 造成损害。] to prevent anything else that could fly through a 2.D[根据后文“That actually does nothing to window and cause damage during a hurricane.4 ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可 You should also take pictures of expensive 知，That是指前文中提到了人们面对飓风的保 items like electronics and keep notes of their seri- 护措施，所以选项D“你可能会看到人们在飓风 al numbers.5 Also,there are always bad 到来之前用胶带贴窗户。”切合文意。] people out right after a storm.If the worst hap- 3.E[根据后文“Any storm water that is kept pens and your home is broken into right after a out of your home is storm water that won't be ·331· 高考总复习英语 able to damage the belongings inside your 造成破坏，选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东 home,so sandbags are well worth having at 西松动是很重要的。”能够承接上文。] your doorways during a hurricane.”可知，此处 5.F[根据前文“You should also take pictures 是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面，选项E“在许多 of expensive items like electronics and keep 情况下，它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水。”与下文 衔接。 notes of their serial numbers..”可知，此处是指 4.C[根据前文“Trim(修剪)trees..to prevent 给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于 anything else that could fly through a window 向保险公司申请赔偿，选项F“如果有什么东西 and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知，此 需要更换，它会帮助你的保险公司。”承接 处是指防止庭院里有疏松的东西被吹到屋子里 前文。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点 There was less sea ice covering the oceans in 3.rose[考查时态。句意：根据欧盟气候服务机 February of this year than at any other point on 构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比工 record.“One of the l. conse- 业平均气温高出1.59℃，成为有记录以来第三 quence)of a warmer world is melting sea ice,and 温暖的2月。此空考查谓语动词，主语Global the record or near-record low sea ice cover at average temperatures与rise为主动关系，在根 both poles has pushed global sea ice cover to an 据时间状语in February of this year可知，这里 all-time minimum,"said Samantha Burgess 用一般过去时，rise的过去式为rose。故填 2. a statement.Global average tempera- rose。J tures in February of this year 3. (rise) 4.making[考查非谓语动词。句意：根据欧盟气 1.59 C above the per-industrial average,4. 候服务机构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均 (make)it the third-warmest February on re- 气温比工业平均气温高出1.59C,成为有记录 cord,according to the European Union's climate 以来第三温暖的2月。此空考查非谓语，由语 service Copernicus. 境可知，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填mak These high temperatures impacted the global ing。] 5.which[考查定语从句。句意：这些高温影响 sea ice extent,5. includes both the Arc- 了全球海冰范围，其中包括目前海冰接近年度 tic,where sea ice is currently near its annual 最大值的北极和南极。此空考查非限制性定语 maximum,and the Antarctic.The satellite record for both regions extends back to 1979.In the 从句，先行词global sea ice extent,指物，在从句 中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填 Arctic,sea ice remained at 8 percent below aver- which。] age throughout February,missing an area of ice 6.roughly[考查副词。句意：在北极，整个2月 6. (rough)the size of the UK.This was 海冰面积比平均水平低8%，缺失的冰层面积大 the third consecutive month 7. (set)a 致相当于英国的大小。此处作状语应用副词 new monthly record low in the Arctic. roughly,表示“大致地”。故填roughly。] 8. see)over the past two years, 7.to set[考查非谓语动词。句意：这是北极连 this decline in the 9. (north)hemi- 续第三个月创下新的月度纪录低点。名词 spheret(半球)has combined with a longer-term month被序数词third修饰，应用不定式作后置 decline in Antarctic sea ice.Antarctic sea ice 定语，表示“连续第三个做某事的月份”。故填 seemed to recover to near average levels in De- to set。] cember of last year 10. it then rapidly 8.Seen[考查非谓语动词。句意：从过去两年的 declined again.In February,the ice reached its 情况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长 fourth-lowest extent on record for the month,re- 期减少相结合。此空考查非谓语，decline与see maining 26 percent below average. 为被动关系（被观察到），再由语境可知，应用过 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述今年 去分词作状语，且位于句首时首字母应大写。 二月全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点。 故填Seen。] l.consequences[考查名词复数。句意：世界变 9.northern[考查形容词。句意：从过去两年的 暖的后果之一是海冰融化，两极创纪录或接近 情况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长 纪录的低海冰覆盖率将全球海冰覆盖率推到了 期减少相结合。修饰名词hemisphere用形容词 历史最低水平。这里考查“one of the十可数名 northern,northern hemisphere,意为“北半球”。 词复数”，表示“…之一”。故填conse 故填northern。] quences。J 10.but/yet[考查连词。句意：去年12月，南极 2.in[考查介词。句意：萨曼莎·伯吉斯在一份 海冰似乎恢复到接近平均水平，但随后又迅速 声明中说。这里考查in a statement,为固定搭 下降。分析句子结构可知，前后句为转折关系， 配，意为“在声明中”。故填in。] 应用连词but或yet。故填but/yet。] ·332·