Unit 4 Natural Disasters 课时作业3-2027届高三英语一轮复习人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦必修一Unit4核心语言知识，构建“基础巩固-综合应用”递进训练体系，融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升，实现知识向能力的转化。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |必备知识基础练|短语填空10题、语法填空10题、完成句子5题|基础词汇语法巩固|核心短语（如in ruins）→语法应用（词性转换、非谓语等）→基础表达| |关键能力综合练|阅读理解2篇、语法填空1篇、书面表达1篇|语篇综合应用|基础知识点→语篇理解（环保/灾害主题）→情境表达（新闻报道）|

高中英语第一轮必修一Unit4 课时作业(三)：Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time 必备知识基础练 进阶训练第一层 Ⅰ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空 as usual, as if, in ruins, less than, instead of, suffer from, a large number of, calm down, make every effort to, get up on one's feet 1．I tried to ________ her ________， but it was not possible, so she kept screaming all throughout the night. 2．____________， people will have seven days off for the Spring Festival next year. 3．It is ________ of a problem ________ I'd expected. 4．When we are faced with a problem, we'd better take some actions ____________ just sitting around and waiting for some people to fix it. 5．The high­tech company will ____________ help governments overcome difficulties during the special period. 6．Justin clenched his teeth, ____________ and ran as fast as he could. 7．They not only ____________ the virus, but also faced discrimination (歧视). 8．The perfect geographic location helps the city connect to ____________ locations around the world. 9．She was strangely dressed ____________ she had come from the Mars. 10．A submarine (潜水艇) named “Nautilus” is diving deeper to find an ancient city ____________． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．A large number of Americans have been suffering from the ________ (dead) disease—COVID­19 for the past year. 2．It will be considered a miracle (奇迹) if someone is saved after ________ (trap) for 72 hours. 3．I believe Chinese ________ (wise) will play a greater role and help us achieve the final victory. 4．I was ________ (shock) to see that not only is there a paved highway through the mountains to come here but also the Internet and cellphone service here is excellent. 5．The rover Yutu Ⅱ has helped scientists unveil (揭露) the secrets ________ (bury) deep under the surface on the far side of the moon. 6．Jenny drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded in. She was ________ (flood) with joy to welcome a brand new day. 7．A team of ________ (rescue) has arrived at the site, but it remains unknown what caused the accident. 8．A recent survey shows that the traditional Chinese medicine is highly ________ (effect) against cancer. 9．More than one thousand people were killed when a ________ (power) earthquake struck western Indonesia at the end of September. 10．The 56 ethnic groups ________ (breath) the same air，share the same fate and join their hearts as one, developing the socialist relationship. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．疫情极大地影响了我们的日常生活。 The pandemic has ________________ our daily lives. 2．救援队努力搜救受难者。 The rescue team ________________________ look for the victims. 3．我们需要注意细节。 We need to ________________________ details. 4．他们轮流问问题。 They ________________________________ questions. 5．路上的电动汽车数量在增加。 ________________________ electric cars on the road is increasing. 关键能力综合练 进阶训练第二层 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America—and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic­wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin—the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth's last sink.In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor of the University of Georgia，caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate：between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine (海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it.Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one­fifth of an inch across. “This isn't a problem that we don't know what the solution is，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage.“We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it.We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.” 1．Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1? A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent. B．To introduce what marine animals like eating. C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection. D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean. 2．What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text? A．Lacking protection. B．Being stuck by plastics. C．Being caught by humans. D．Treating plastics as food. 3．What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Some people don't know the solution to plastic waste. B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic. C.It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste. D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean. 4．From which is the text probably taken? A．A biology textbook. B．A travel brochure. C．An environmental report. D．A lifestyle magazine. B The victims were carried in one by one, their paws (爪子) and fur burnt, suffering from thirst and fear.Their caretakers bandaged their wounds, hugged them and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar—the leaves of a eucalyptus tree (桉树). As catastrophic fires have burned more than 2 million acres in Australia, dozens of koalas have been rescued from burning trees and grey ground. “They are terrified，” said Cheyne Flanagan, clinical director of the Koala Hospital in Port Macquarie, the only hospital of its kind in the world. Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not flee from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for protection and wait for the danger to pass. But during very serious fires, such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals, conservationists said, are far less likely to survive.Even if the fire itself does not reach the top of the tree, the animal may overheat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death. The difficulty of the koala—a national symbol of Australia—has raised questions among conservationists and scientists about what it will take to preserve biodiversity in a country where there is more serious fire, extreme heat and lack of water. While koalas have to get used to existing alongside wildfires, the animals are facing new danger not just from climate change but also from human activities, which has disturbed local populations, weakening their ability to survive fires. “We have these unique animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we're killing them.” Flanagan said.“This is a big wake­up call.” 5．What will koalas do when facing the wildfire? A．Flee to other places. B．Hide under the ground. C．Climb to the top of the tree. D．Wait for the rescue to come. 6．Besides wildfire, what else threatens koalas' existence? A. More human activities. B．Less water to drink. C．Bigger local population. D．Weaker ability to climb. 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Koalas' living habits should be studied more carefully. B. More measures should be taken for koalas' protection. C. Wake­up calls should be made when wildfire happens. D. Killing unique animals should be banned in a strict way. 8．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Looking for unique animals in Australia. B．Protecting Australia's animals who cannot climb. C .Facing new threats which cause koalas' deaths. D．Saving the fire victims: Australia's koalas. Ⅱ.语法填空 Earthquakes can be destructive.Unfortunately, we don't have a 1.________ (rely) way to predict. But technologies can still help us under such a desperate situation. China is building the world's largest earthquake alert system and it's 2.________ (possible) the most advanced. Engineers 3.________ (set) up over 15，000 sensors (传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web. 4.________ an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control centre and then ordinary people's smartphones. The signal travels at almost light speed and faster than the earthquake shaking, 5.________ (give) local people a little time to prepare, and the system can usually send messages to people in less than two seconds. It's life­saving. The system, 6.________ can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world, not only detecting the 7.________ (move) of the continents but also calculating the possible impact 8.________ an earthquake. It will automatically warn local people, making 9.________ (it) much faster than human observation. The system, overseen by China's Ministry of Emergency Management, is set 10.________ (complete) in 2022. Ⅲ.书面表达 请根据下面所给的情境内容写一篇新闻报道摘要，具体介绍一次火灾的相关内容。 时间：昨日深夜； 地点：大山林场(Dashan Timber Land)； 起因：路人乱扔烟头(cigarette end)； 经过：消防员赶到现场，5小时奋战后控制了火势； 后果：1/3的森林被毁，一人死亡，两名消防员受伤。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案及详细解析 课时作业(三)：Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ. 1．calm; down　2.As usual　3.less; than　4.instead of 5．make every effort to　6.got up on his feet　7.suffered from 8．a large number of　9.as if　10.in ruins Ⅱ. 1．deadly　2.being trapped　3.wisdom　4.shocked　5.buried 6．flooded　7.rescuers　8.effective　9.powerful　10.breathe Ⅲ. 1．greatly affected　2.made efforts to　3.pay attention to 4．take turns to ask　5.The number of 关键能力综合练 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋带来的巨大危害，并呼吁人们积极行动起来，保护海洋环境。 1．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者提到Pilgrims是为了表明塑料垃圾对海洋有持久的影响。 2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物。 3．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Ted Siegler想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了。 4．答案与解析：C　文章出处题。文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的，由此可推知这篇文章可能出自一份环境报告。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了由于灾难性的火灾，在澳大利亚超过 200 万英亩的土地被烧，考拉面临严峻的形势。 5．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，考拉躲避火灾方法是：爬到树上，蜷曲身体成球保护自己。 6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While koalas...the animals are facing new danger not just from climate change but also from human activities, which...”可知，除了森林大火，更多的人类活动也威胁着考拉的生存。 7．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，应该采取更多措施保护考拉。 8．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述澳大利亚森林大火持续蔓延，严重影响了考拉的生存条件，它们还面临着天气变化和人类活动的威胁，我们必须采取措施保护它们。故D项“救救大火的受害者：澳大利亚的考拉”适合作为文章标题。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国正在建设世界上最大的地震预警系统。 1．答案与解析：reliable　考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，我们没有一个可靠的方法来预测。本空修饰名词way，故应用形容词reliable，意为“可靠的，可信赖的”。 2．答案与解析：possibly　考查副词。句意：它可能是最先进的。本空修饰形容词advanced，故应用副词possibly。 3．答案与解析：are setting　考查时态。句意：工程师们正在全国范围内安装超过15，000个传感器，并将它们连接到一个网络上。根据后面and并列的动词wiring及句意可知，本空应用现在进行时are setting。 4．答案与解析：When/If/Once/After　考查状语从句连接词。句意：当/如果/一旦/地震发生时(地震发生后)，传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲。根据句意可知，本空可填When/If/Once/After。 5．答案与解析：giving　考查现在分词。句意：该信号的传送速度几乎达到光速，比地震的震动速度还要快，给当地居民一点时间做准备。本空在句中作状语，且和主语“The signal”之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。 6．答案与解析：which　考查非限制性定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“The system”，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which。 7．答案与解析：movement/move　考查名词。句意：不仅可以探测大陆的运动。根据空前冠词the及空后介词of可知，本空应用名词形式movement或move。 8．答案与解析：of　考查介词。the possible impact 8.________ an earthquake意为“地震可能的影响”，故本空应填介词of。 9．答案与解析：itself　考查代词。句意：它会自动向当地人发出警告，比人类的观察速度快得多。making的逻辑主语为句子的主语it即the system，和本空人称一致，故本空应用反身代词itself作宾语，代替语境中的“预警系统本身”。 10．答案与解析：to be completed　考查不定式。句意：该系统由中国应急管理部监管，预计将于2022年完工。根据句中时间状语“in 2022”可知，这里用不定式的一般式表示将来要进行的动作，且句中主语“The system”与“complete”之间为逻辑被动关系，故本空应用不定式的被动结构to be completed。 Ⅲ. 参考范文： A terrible fire broke out in Dashan Timber Land at midnight yesterday. The firefighters hurried there at once on hearing the news. Although the fire was very big and the smoke was very heavy, they bravely fought against it. The fire lasted five hours before the firefighters were able to bring it under control. To everyone's sorrow, almost one third of the forest was destroyed in the fire. Worse still, one person was killed and two firefighters were badly injured. It's said that the fire was started by a live cigarette end thrown carelessly by a passer­by. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $