基础必备 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（人教版）

基础必 UNIT 4 主题语境人与社会一历史、社会与文化 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 话题词块 话题佳句 1.a country with a long history 一个有着悠久历史的国家 1.The Great Wall began as independent walls for different 2.be rich in culture as well as natural re- states when first built and didn't become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. sources 物产和文化都丰富 3.historical city 历史名城 长城刚建成时是不同国家独立的城墙，直到秦朝才成 历史性建筑 为“长城”。 4.historical architecture 5.the brilliant Chinese civilization 2.Located in the famous Chinese city Kaifeng,Qingming 灿烂的中华文明 Riverside Landscape Garden distinguishes itself as a his- 6.a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴 torical and cultural theme park. 位于中国名城开封的清明上河园作为历史和文化主题公园 7.a symbol of China 中国的象征 而闻名。 8.date from/date back to Tang Dynasty 追溯到唐朝 3.As we all know,the Yellow River is the second largest riv- er in China,where the brilliant Chinese civilization was 9.located in/at/on 坐落于 born. 10.ancient Chinese architecture 中国古代建筑 众所周知，黄河是中国第二大河，是中华文明的发源地。 聚焦层级突破 学生用书P68 聚焦核心要点落实 第一板块] LDIYIBANKUAI 词汇点拔台 2.evidence n.证据；证明 (l)There is some evidence that...有证据证明… [核心词汇 一逐点清] (2)evident adi. 明显的；明白的 L.surround vt.围绕；包围 It is evident that... 显然（很明显）… (3)evidently adv. 显然，明显地；清楚地 (1)surround...with... 用…包围/围绕 【总结规律·由此及彼] be surrounded by/with... 被…包围 以-ence结尾的名词，其对应的形容词常以-ent结 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 尾。你能举出几个例子吗？ surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 答案：confidence-confident;excellence-excellent; difference-different等。 [练通]一单句语法填空 [练通]—单句语法填空 ①(2025·全国二卷)Many of my classmates got in- DThere is some evidence that a small amount of al- terested and came up to me after class.They sur- cohol is good for health. rounded (surround)me,their questions pouring 2It is evident(evidence)that what he has said is true. out like a stream. 3Evidently(evident),air pollution is the main factor 2With the increase of urban population,the sur- that has resulted in the frequency of hazy weather. 4The crowd on the square suddenly turned violent rounding(surround)villages have been absorbed (violence). into the growing city. [金句]—应用文写作 3Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide ⑤很明显这个晚会是成功的。 you with support can be very beneficial. It was evident that the party was a success. [金句]——读后续写场景描写 3.charge n.收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电 ④绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚 (1)take charge of 掌管负责 in charge of 控制/管理… 下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。 in the charge of 受…的管理；由…负责 Surrounded by green trees,the farm is located free of charge=-for free免费 at the foot of the hill near our school,with a small (2)charge sb.for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 river flowing through the farm. charge sb..with(doing)sth.控告某人（做）某事 ·65· 高考总复习英语 [总结规律·由此及彼] [练通]一单句语法填空/完成句子 介词in十抽象名词十of与介词in十the十抽象名 DLarge amounts of honey and butter are(be)used 词十0f意义上的区别你搞清楚了吗？ to make this kind of snack. 写出下列短语的意思： ②(2024·新课标I卷)A large amount of research ①in possession of confirms (confirm)this finding. ②in the control of 答案：①（某人）拥有②（某物）在…的控制之下 3This kind of new drug has been put into market in small amounts(少量地). [练通]——语段填空 [金句]—应用文之建议信 DThe old manager who was in charge of the compa- ④为了保持健康，有规律地做适量的运动是必要的。 ny used to charge the workers for charging their In order to keep healthy,it is necessary to take a cell phones.When the company is in the charge of proper amount of exercise regularly. the new manager,charging phones is free of 6.approach n,方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手 charge. 处理i.靠近 掌管公司的老经理过去常常因为工人们给手机充 电而收费。当公司在新经理的掌管之下时，充电是 (1)an approach to... 免费的。 接近；近似；…的方法/途径 [点津](l)in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人 at the approach of在快到…的时候 负责（主管）某事”； (2)approach sb./sth.靠近/接近某人/某物 (2)in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某 be approaching正在/将要接近 人主管”。 [练通]一单句语法填空 [金句门一句型转换 DThe job market has changed and our approaches to 2Mr.Bell is in charge of the project for the boss is finding(find)work must change as well. on a business trip. 2Approaching(approach)the city centre,we saw a -The project is in the charge of Mr.Bell for the stone statue of about 10 metres in height. boss is on a business trip. ③(2025·浙江1月卷)A novel design approach to Mr.Bell takes charge of the project for the boss gardening has been gaining in popularity world- is on a business trip. wide. 4.announce vt..宣布；通知；声称 4The figures of the chart show there are various (1)announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣告某事 approaches to learning(learn)English beyond the It is announced that... 据宣布… classroom. (2)announcement n. 通告；宣告 [点津]an approach to中的to为介词，后面要跟名 make an announcement 宣布 词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 announcer n. 播音员；广播员 [金句]—句式升级 [练通]一单句语法填空 5As the time for graduation is approaching,we are DEncourage readers to use the library.Share library busy with our papers. announcements(announce)on your social media. -With the time for graduation approaching,we 2I had just finished my exam paper when the bell are busy with our papers..(with复合结构) rang,announcing(announce)the class was over. 7.eager adj.渴望的；热切的eagerly adv.热切 3When I was 18,I announced to my English class 地；急切地eagerness n.热切；渴望 that I was going to write my own books. DIt is announced (announce)that a new headmaster (1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 will be appointed in charge of the new school. be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物 [点津]announce后不跟双宾语，即不能说an (2)with eagerness 热切地；急切地 nounce sb.sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有ex hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望 plain、say、report、describe、suggest、mention、ex [练通]一单句语法填空/完成句子 press等。 DHe eagerly(eager)wanted to give a special present [润中华]The government has announced plans to to Grandma,but he was short of money. create one million new training places recently. 2Knowing that you're eager to learn to cook a Chi- 最近政府已经宣布开设一百万个新培训名额的 nese dish,I'm writing to recommend one to you. 计划。 知道你渴望学习做一道中国菜，我写信给你推荐 5.amount n.金额；数量 一道。 (1)the amount of... …的数量 ③（心理描写）I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and (2)a large amount of/large amounts of 大量的 wanted to know the truth with eagerness. (3)in large/small amounts大量地/少量地 我直视着诗人的眼睛，急切地想知道真相。 ·66· 基础必备必修第二册 ④（读后续写之心理描写）When asked whether he [点津](1)belong to不用于进行时与被动语态； wanted a gift for his birthday,the boy couldn't (2)belong to的-ing形式可作后置定语。 hide his eagerness. [金句]—句式升级 当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候， 3A tiger is a large fierce animal which/that belongs 他无法掩饰他的渴望。 to the cat family. 8.break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 -A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging to the break down 垮掉；分解；出故障；消除 cat family.(分词短语作定语) break in 强行进入；插嘴，打断 L润中华]Many people feel like they need a sense of break into 强行闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等） cultural belonging,which is something that stud- break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发 ying your roots and being open-minded to the evo- break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；（关系等）破裂 lution of your culture can provide. [练通]一用适当的介、副词填空 许多人觉得他们需要一种文化归属感，而这正是研究 DModern music like jazz has broken away from the 你的根源并对你的文化进化持开放态度所能提供的。 old traditional rules. [教师专享间考词汇] 2The elevators in that building are always breaking 1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.(使)困惑；迷惑 down,which makes the residents quite annoyed. [练通]—单句语法填空 3Two friends had an argument that broke up their DTo be honest,I sometimes feel puzzled (puzzle) friendship forever. about my future career. 4The boy broke into the room,which surprised eve- 2She lost heart since she failed the exam,because ryone. her future was puzzling(puzzle). [金句]—微写作 3Now higher education research in China was faced ⑤他去年脱离了我们公司，此后，我再也没有见过他。 with the same puzzlement(puzzle). -He broke away from our company last year; 4The firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of since then I haven't seen him any more. the fire. 9.belong to属于 [润中华](2025·北京卷)He redesigned the bricks (1)belonging n. 归属感 to lock together like puzzle pieces and adjusted the a sense of belonging 归属感 heating temperature carefully. (2)belongings n. 财产；所有物 他重新设计了砖块，使其像拼图一样锁在一起，并 仔细调整了加热温度 [练通]一单句语法填空 ①(2025·全国一卷)I sit in my apartment today, 2.greet vt.问候；迎接 [练通]一单句语法填空 loving each of the belongings(belong)that share DAs we walked into the house we were greeted our small space. 2On the left there is a computer room and a study (greet)by a wonderful smell of baking. belonging to me. 2He shook her hand in greeting(greet)and asked politely how everything was. 主题语境·培优词汇库 子话题1一考古 子话题2一文化渊源 ①anthropologist m. 人类学家 ①forefather n. 祖先；前辈 ②originate v. 起源于 ②eran. 时代 ③ruins n. 遗迹；废墟 ③ancient adj, 古代的 ④remains n. 遗迹；遗骸 ④period n. 时期 ⑤relic n. 遗物；文物 ⑤civilization n. 文明 ⑥skull n. 颅骨 ⑥dynasty n. 朝代 第二板块] 句式精剖析 (3)(主语)做了或参与做某事。 LDIERBANKUAI- “have十宾语十doing”意为“让/使某人一直/保 L,have+宾语+宾语补足语 持做某事” They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system. “have十宾语十do”意为“让/使某人做” 他们在英国各地修建了城堡，并对法律体系进行了 “have sth.todo”意为“有某事要做” 修改。 [练通]—单句语法填空/完成句子 本句中had castles built为“have十宾语+动词-ed DThe teacher had him standing(stand)for a long 形式”，宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系。 time to punish him. “have十宾语十动词-ed形式”结构具有以下几种含义： (1)(主语)请别人做某事。 2I can't accompany you to the cinema.I have an (2)(主语)遭受不愉快或不测的事情。 important meeting to attend(attend). 67 高考总复习英语 3The young couple were both occupied by various [练通]一完成句子 matters,so they decided to have their wedding or- ①(2024·新课标I卷)Bring layers for changing ganized(操办他们的婚礼)by a wedding company. weather and a raincoat if necessary(如果有必要). 4Who can help you if you want to have your music ②(2024·全国甲卷)Eat with others whenever pos- produced(制作音乐)？ 5 To his embarrassment,he had his money stolen sible(每当有可能). (钱被偷了). 3Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash 2.if的省略结构 close to home?Ifso(如果是这样的话)，we have a So what is the difference between them,if any? vacancy in our team which would suit you. 那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？ 4The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature 该句中，if any相当于if there is any difference。当状 rarely,if ever(如果有过的话)，reaching30℃in 语从句的主语是it或状语从句含有there be句型时， 从句的主语和谓语部分的be或there be可以省略。 summer. if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 5 Correct the errors in the following sentences,if if so 如果这样的话 any(如果有的话). if not 如果不这样的话 6If we can do that,we can keep up with the times. if necessary 如果有必要的话 If not(如果不这样做)，we would always fall be- if possible 如果有可能的话 hind. 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P72 夯基固本多维运用 [维度1]词形转换 2.His wife,as well as his children,was invited to the 用括号内所给词的适当变形填空 party yesterday. 1.Scientists are puzzled (puzzle)as to why the whales 3.It occurred to me that she and I belonged to differ- have swum to the shore. ent worlds. 2.It has now become evident(evidence)to us that 4.Keep your eyes open for my dog when I'm away. they have found the missing boys. 5.The Internet is so interesting,which makes all 3.Diana owes her achievements(achieve)to the goal possible happen. she set,and above all,the efforts she made. 6.(2o25·北京卷)In my defence,I did what we've 4.Large amounts(amount)of money were spent on all done before,which is to repeat received wis- the magnificent building. dom without exploring the nuances. 5.He led me through the crowded(crowd)shop and 7.This little muddy road is the only approach to the to a bench with a large box on it. small village. 6.There's a fascinating(fascinate)drive marked out 8.It is announced that the sports meet will be held for tourists. next weekend. 7.All the people,men and women,young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence(defend) 9.The long coach can serve as a bed when my rela of their own homes. tives come to see me. 8.Then we plan to visit our relatives to give them 10.The river is about thirty meters across. our greetings(greet). [维度3]话题写作（建议信） 9.The school is taking steps to ensure(sure)all 假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友Jim对中国传统 students truly feel welcome on this campus. 文化很感兴趣，准备参加中国传统技能冬令营：“中国 10.Before closing,I want to mention all those who 书法冬令营”或者“中国武术冬令营”。Jim希望你能 contributed so generously(generous). 给些建议帮助他进行选择。请你给Jim回信，内容 ◆[维度2]固定用法 包括： 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)Ribeiro charges€35 perper- 1.你建议的班型； son for what is usually a three-course meal that 2.你的理由； can last up to three hours. 3.你的祝愿。 ·68· 基础必备必修第二册 注意：1.词数80左右； With a history of more than 3,000 years,Chi- 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； nese Calligraphy,the core of Chinese culture,has 3.首句已给出，不计入总词数。 turned simple lines and strokes into a highly-devel- 参考词汇：中国书法Chinese Calligraphy oped form of art.Learning Chinese Calligraphy will 中国武术Chinese Martial Arts bring you multi-benefits,ranging from offering you Dear Jim, a unique insight into Chinese cultural aesthetics to I am delighted that you are interested in Chinese shaping your personality.When practicing calligra- culture and eager to explore more. phy,you can acquire peaceful concentration and eliminate impatience.And every stroke of every character helps you to cultivate a good habit of pay- [参考范文] ing attention to details. Dear Jim, I am convinced that attending the Chinese Calli- I am delighted that you are interested in Chinese graphy Winter Camp will give you a wonderful expe- culture and eager to explore more.As for the recom- rience. mendation,Calligraphy Winter Camp should be at Yours, the top of the list. Li Hua 读后续写微技能10一“健康、健美”追求外貌 精彩词汇记牢 单句续写运用 handsome adi. (男子)英俊的 用左栏的表达续写下列句子。 pretty adi. 漂亮的；标致的；妩媚的 DThe girl has a slim figure,but her appearance is average adj. 普通的；平常的 very ordinary. a slim figure 苗条的身材 2He was a big man,smartly dressed in a suit a handsome/striking figure 仪表堂堂 and tie. a man of average build 一个中等身材的人 3The boy is a man of average build,but has a a well-built man 一个身材强壮的人 striking figure. dress in a suit and tie 穿着西装、打着领带 培优>提能加餐 学生用书 P73 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出crowd的含义 1.(2023·全国甲卷)So,it's been useful to know A.n.人群；一群人B.adj.拥挤的C.vt.&.vi. how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid C想法或观点)涌人（脑子）D.”.聚集：涌向 any charges when I've moved out. n.收费 1.(2021·新高考卷)In France,quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率).You 2.(2021·全国甲卷)Here's the good news.Ina can tell this by cafe life.French cafes are always wired world with constant global communication, crowded. B we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wher- 2.(2021·全国乙卷)As soon as I saw the crowd of ever they appear.u.安置；把…放在适当位置 people down there,my heart beat so fast that I 3.(2025·全国一卷)The fuels for transport need to was unable to say a single word. A 3.On hearing what he said,a lot of confused be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also thoughts crowded my brain. C lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. 4.Hundreds of people crowded into the nearby adj.环保的 church for the wedding. D ·69· 高考总复习英语 [培优2]高考语篇培素养 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? has ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time, A.How past events should be pres- has not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements,and until ented. fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their B.What humanity is concerned about. concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and C.Whether facts speak louder than words. some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many ca- ses we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate D.Why written language is relia- ble. and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay, 2.What does the author indicate by between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side,we have scientific reports and the captain's mentioning Captain Cook in Para- record of that terrible day.From the Australian side,we have only graph 2? a wooden shield()dropped by a man in fight after his first expe- A.His report was significant rience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually go- B.He represented the local people. ing on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided. deeply and strictly as the written reports. 3.What does the underlined word In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both “conversation”in Paragraph3re sides,there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,espe- fer to? cially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of D.Society. Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to 4.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the ob- A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World jects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact (between literate and non- B.A Short History of Australia literate societies such as these,all our first-hand accounts are nec- C.A History of the World in 100- essarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the jects D.How Art Works Tell Stories other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅 2.D[推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a 依靠书面文字来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将 history would bring together texts and objects, 物品纳入历史叙事以便更好地理解无文字社会的重 and some chapters of this book are able to do just 要性。 that,but in many cases we simply can't.(理想情 l.A[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want 况下，历史应该将文字和实物结合在一起，这本（历 to tell the history of the whole world,a history 史)书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况 that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,because only 下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该 some of the world has ever had texts,while most 是文字和实物相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我 of the world,for most of the time,has not.Writ- 们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the ing is one of humanity's later achievements,and until English side,we have scientific reports and the fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)soci captain's record of that terrible day.From the eties recorded their concerns not only in writing Australian side,we have only a wooden shield but in things.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一 (dropped by a man in fight after his first ex- 段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通 过文字来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾 perience of gunshot.(在英国方面，我们有科学报 经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时 告和库克船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利 间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到 亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男 最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且 子在第一次经历枪击后在战斗中扔下的。)”可知， 用实物来记录他们需要的事情。)”可推知，第一段 作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的， 主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。] 只从自己的角度描述了问题。] ·70· 基础必备必修第二册 3.B[词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“The Carib (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 bean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the Afri- 1.privilege v. 给予特权 can people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom ap- 2.fairly adv. 相当地 pear in this book,can speak to us now of their 3.conflict n. 冲突 past achievements most powerfully through the 4.reconstruct v. 重现；使再现 objects they made:a history told through things 5.interpret v. 解释 gives them back a voice.When we consider con- 6.miscomprehension n. 误解 tact()between literate and non-literate socie 7.twist v. 扭曲 ties such as these,all our first-hand accounts are 8.gunshot n. 炮击 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义代表的字母填到横 necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue. 线上) (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非 1.text 洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中， B.n.课本；教材 他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述 A.n.文本 C.n.原作 他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了 D.u.发短信 他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文字社 D Read the text first and then explain the new words. B 会和无文字社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手 C 资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合画 2He studied Shakespeare's texts. 3A CD-ROM can store more than 250,000 pages of 线句“If we are to find the other half of that con typed text. A versation,we have to read not just the texts,but 2.object the objects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们 A.n.物体 B.n.宾语 不仅要读文字，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历 C.n.客观 D.w.反对 史的了解，只是书写历史的人想要让我们了解的历 史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅 DIf it is a transitive verb,what is its object? B 要读文字也要读物体。所以conversation指的是 2When a large object impacts the Earth,it makes a “历史”。] crater. A 4.C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want 3I objected that he was too young for the job. to tell the history of the whole world,a history D that does not privilege one part of humanity,you ◆素养提升（思维能力的培养）》 cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time,has not.(如果 你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分 为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文字来讲述，因为 世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而 世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合 1.Do you know what the name of the historical Chi- 最后一段的“If we are to find the other half of that nese relic above is?(Chinese is also acceptable) conversation,we have to read not just the texts, 马踏飞燕/Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying but the objects..（如果我们要找到对话的另一半， Swallow. 我们不仅要读文字，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述 2.Why is it so important for history,according to 仅仅依靠书面文字来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要 the passage? 更好的了解历史就要将文字和物品结合在一起。 We can learn a lot from ancient objects,that is, antiques. 从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件实物中的世界 ◆[针对训练] 历史》。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1.the history of the whole world 世界历史 2.humanity's later achievement 人类后来的成就 3.texts and objects 文本和物体 4.literate and non-literate history 1.上图是中国国宝之一《清明上河图》(Along the 有文字和无文字的历史 River During the Qingming Festival). 5.in addition to 除了…还有 2.The drawing describes vividly the booming scene 6.first-hand accounts 一手的叙述 of the economy and social life of the capital city of 7.in many cases 在很多情况下 the Bei Song Dynasty. 71