基础必备 必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（人教版）

基础必备 UNIT 4 主题语境人与自然 自然灾害 NATURAL DISASTERS 话题词块 话题佳句 1.cause enormous damage 导致巨大的损害 1.Last week,severe haze struck my hometown,making 2.rescue work 救援工作 it too dark to see anything. 3.stricken district/area 受灾地区 上周，我的家乡出现了严重的雾霾，使得天空昏暗，看 4.destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市 不见任何东西。 5.wash away bridges 冲垮桥梁 2.So far,the earthquake has killed about 1,000 people 6.lose one's precious life 失去宝贵生命 and has left thousands injured. 7.suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦/损失 到目前为止，地震已造成约1000人死亡，数千人受伤。 8.the extreme lack of water,food and electricity 3.The city has organized rescue groups and are ready to 极度缺乏水、食物和电 go wherever help is needed. 9.without any warning 毫无预兆地 该市组织了救援小组并随时准备去任何需要帮助的 10.give aid to 给予…帮助 地方。 聚焦>层级突破 学生用书P30 聚焦核心要点落实 [第板块词汇点拔台 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 LDIYIBANKUAI- 2Buried in her graduation paper,Mary has no time [核心词汇 一逐点清] to do a part-time job. l.ruin n,&vt,破坏；毁坏 3Burying herself in her graduation paper,Mary has (1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭 no time to do a part-time job. fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 4Because Mary was buried in her graduation paper, she has no time to do a part-time job. be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 3.supply n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt,供应； (2)ruin one's health/hope/chance/future 供给 毁坏健康/希望/机会/前途 (1)in short supply 短缺 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 a good supply of.·. 一批…，许多… [练通]一单句语法填空 medical supplies 医疗用品 DHeavy smoking ruins(ruin)your health,so you (2)supply sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物 should give it up. supply sb.with sth..为某人提供某物 2If you don't give up the computer games,you'll [练通]—单句语法填空 ruin yourself(you). DI'd like to know the reason why the milk is in 3A large number of bridges and buildings were in short supply in this area now. ruins after the biggest flooding in mid-July. 2The government has supplied plenty of food and [金句]一微写作 clothes to the local people since the earthquake ④地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜 happened. 难眠。 [金句]一一句多译 -The whole city lay in ruins after the earth 没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。 quake,which made us sleepless all night. 3There is no need to worry.We can supply you 2.bury vt.埋葬；安葬 with whatever you need. 4There is no need to worry.We can supply whatev- (1) be buried in er you need to you. bury oneself inf 埋头于；专心于 4.survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过 (2)bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 (1)A survive B (by ... A比B活得长… [金句]—微写作/一句多译 survive on 依靠…生存下来 ①听到这个坏消息，她双手捂着脸哭了。 survive from 从…存活下来；流传下来 Hearing the bad news,she buried her face in her (2)survivor n. 幸存者 hands and cried. survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 31 高考总复习英语 [练通]一单句语法填空 [金句]一-句多译 DHow does the family survive on such a small John突然想起，他们可以帮助Bernard为他的爆米花 monthly wage? 做广告。 ②(2023·北京卷)That project,which I could complete 5It struck John that they could help Bernard adver- from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the des- tise his popcorn.(strike) ert,not only survived(survive)the lockdown()but 6It hit John that they could help Bernard advertise worked where traditional methods didn't. his popcorn.(hit) 3Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure DIt occurred to John that they could help Bernard the survival(survive)of our natural resources. advertise his popcorn.(occur) 4The survivors(survive)of the earthquake are fighting 7.effect n.影响；结果；效果；效力→effective for survival. adj.有效的；有影响的 [点津]survive表示“幸存；幸免于”时为及物动词， (1)take effect 生效；见效 其宾语前不用加in或from。 come into effect 生效 [金句]—微写作 have an effect/influence/impact on ⑤毫无疑问，不吸烟的人会比吸烟者活得更久。 对…产生影响 -There is no doubt that non-smokers will survive put...into effect 实施；使…生效/起作用 smokers much longer. (2)effective adj. 5.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静 有效的；有影响的；实际的；起作用的 平静下来 (3)effectively adv. 有效地：实际上；事实上 (1)calm down calm sb.down [练通]一单句语法填空/完成句子 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来 DWe have reached a stage where we must start tak- (2)keep/stay calm保持镇静 ing effective(effect)measures to protect the envi- (3)calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地 ronment so as to save ourselves. ②(2025·全国二卷)These effects aren't just short- [练通]—完成句子 term but have been proved to affect effect)a ①After I calmed down(我平静下来)，I played foot- teen's well-being in the years to come. ball better. 3Hopefully,my recommendations will soon be put ②Try to keep calm(保持镇静)in time of danger.. into effect(会付诸实施)to settle these problems.. ③Have some water and calm yourself down(让自己 [金句]一微写作 平静下来). ④我们的行为对我们的生活有很大的影响，这需要我 4When he was trapped in the flood,he gave his wife 们深思熟虑。 a call calmly(镇静地给妻子打了个电话). Our behaviour has a great effect on our life, 6.strike vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突 which requires our deep consideration. 击；击打n,罢工；罢课；袭击 8.on hand现有（尤指帮助） (1)be struck by/on/with被…打动；迷恋 (I)hand in hand手牵手；密切关联 It strikes sb.that... 某人突然想到… in hand 在手头；在掌握中；在控制中 strike..into one's heart 使…刻骨铭心 at hand 在近处；即将来临 (2)be on strike 在罢工 by hand 手工；亲手交付；由专人递送 go on strike 举行罢工 (2)hand over (把…)移交；交给 【总结规律由此及彼]… hand in 上交 hand out 分发 介词On用于“说明活动或状态”。常见的短语有 hand down 传给；（把…）传下去 哪些？ 答案：on business/,on holiday/on vacation./ondu- [练通]一用适当的介、副词填空 ty/on show/on exhibition/on move等。 ①(2021·全国甲卷)I come to you,hat in hand,to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused [练通]一写出下列句中strike的含义 and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from DThe clock struck twelve when I got home last the hotel. night. (钟)敲 2There are experts on hand to give you all the help 2A terrible earthquake struck the northern part of and advice you need. Peru. 侵袭 3The recipe Li Ziqi uses has been handed down 3A good idea struck me when I was reading the from generation to generation. newspaper. 突然想到 4I wouldn't dare to hand this project over to anyone else. 4The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West [金句]—微写作 Lake. 打动，迷住 ⑤这些手工制作的剪纸作品很漂亮。 [点津]表示“突然想到”的单词（短语）还有hit、oc These paper-cutting works made by hand are cur to。 beautiful. ·32 基础必备必修第一册 9.sweep away消灭；彻底消除 2.shock n.休克；震惊；令人震惊的事vt.(使)震惊 sweep up 打扫；一把抱起（某人） [练通]—单句语法填空 sweep sth.aside DI was shocked to hear(hear)that the old castle 对…置之不理；不理会；全然无视 had been destroyed. sweep sth.out打扫千净，清扫干净（房间等） ②(2025·全国一卷)Most of the essays filled less sweep sb.off one's feet than one page,and few contained a sentence that 使某人立刻迷上；使某人一见倾心 could be interpreted as a thesis()statement.I was shocked(shock). [练通]一用适当的介、副词填空 3The news of my promotion came as a shock the DAfter class we were asked to sweep up the dead other day. leaves in the schoolyard. 3.suffer vt..遭受，蒙受vi.(因疾病，痛苦，悲伤)受苦 2To their anger,all their advice was swept aside [练通]一单句语法填空 3As I know,any doubts had long since been swept ①(2o24·新课标I卷)He became interested in al- away. ternative treatments 20 years ago when he suf- 4As the New Year approached,my mother asked fered from terrible back pain. me to sweep the house out. 2 Walking upright results in physical sufferings [金句]一微写作 (suffer). ⑤那个有趣的故事使我神魂颠倒。 3The sufferer(suffer)has decided to give up smok- -I was swept off my feet by the interesting story. ing because of bad health. [孩师专享间考词汇] Drought continues to annoy many parts of Africa, L.affect vt..影响；深深打动；（疾病）侵袭 with tens of thousands suffering(suffer)water [练通]—一补全句子 shortages and millions of others affected. DAs far as I'm concerned,staying up late every day 4.aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)帮 is certain to affect your health greatly(严重影响你 助；援助 的健康). [练通]一单句语法填空 ②Affected with a high fever(虽然发高烧)，he con DI'd be very grateful if you could aid me with my tinued with his work. English. ③The children were deeply affected(被深深打动了) 2He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother by the love story. to clean(clean)the house. ④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is de- 3Having learned that I was in trouble,he came to my aid without delay. scribed as a problem affecting (affect)the entire ④(2024·新课标I卷)With the rise of technology it world,it's actually concentrated to a small num- is easy for people to make observations of differ- ber of extremely popular spots. ent species with the aid of a mobile application. 主题语境·培优词汇库 子话题1一各种自然灾害 子话题2一造成的危害 ①flood n. 洪水 ①terrify vt. 使恐惧；使惊吓 ②hurricane n. 飓风 ②fierce adj. 狂暴的；恶劣的 ③sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ③worsen vi.. (使)恶化 ④typhoon n. 台风 ④catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸 ⑤volcano n. 火山 ⑤radioactive adj. 放射性的 ⑥snowstorm n. 暴风雪 ⑥panic n.&vi. 惊慌；恐慌 ⑦tornado n. 龙卷风 ⑦muddy adj. 泥泞的 ⑧drought n. 旱灾；干旱 ⑧lava n. 熔岩；岩浆 第二板块 -DIERBANKUAI- 句式精剖析 (1)too+形容词(anxious,eager,glad,happy, pleased,ready,willing,etc.)+to do sth.(表示 1,to0..t0..句型 肯定意义)意为“非常/很…做某事”。 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, (2)too..to..与not或never连用时，意为“无 论…也不过分，越…越好” and dogs refused to go inside buildings. (3)can never//cannot+动词+too十形容词/副词+ 鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。 to do sth..意为“再做某事也不过分，越做某事 本句中的too..to..意为“太…而不能…” 越好”。 ·33 高考总复习英语 [练通]一完成句子 【总结规律.由此及彼] DThe problem is too difficult for me to solve. 虚拟语气句的时态通常在实际时态基础上，前提 这个问题太难了，我解决不了。 ②(2025·全国二卷)People often feel they are too 一个时态。即：过去→过去完成；现在>过去。类 busy to volunteer. 似的用法的句型还有哪些？ 人们经常觉得自己太忙了，没有时间做志愿服务。 答案：wish that/if only(要是…就好了)；would 3While crossing the road,you can not/never be too careful. rather that/prefer that(宁愿…)；if引导的虚 当你过马路时，你越小心越好。 拟条件句。 2.asif引导表语从句 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! [练通]一单句语法填空/完成句子 仿佛到了世界末日！ DHenry failed in the game,but he looked as if noth- It seemed(tosb.)asif..意为“（对某人来说）似 ing had happened(happen). 乎…”，asif可以与as though互换。 2When a pencil is partly in the water,it looks as if (1)asif从句用陈述语气： it were(be)broken. 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 (2)asif从句用虚拟语气： 3The patient opened his mouth as if to say(say) ①从句用一般过去时（与现在的事实相反，be的过 something. 去式用were): ④(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if ②从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）； they just sit around not doing much(他们只是坐 ③从句用would/could/,might do形式（与将来的事 在那里不做太多事情)，but in many ways they are 实相反)。 the unsung heroes of the home. 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P34 夯基固本多维运用 ●[维度1]词形转换 6.At this point,it suddenly struck me that I was 用括号内所给词的适当变形填空 wasting my time. 1.This is one of the worst natural disasters(disas- 7.The man was sleeping when the frightening earth- ter)ever to hit the area. quake happened. 2.They were shocked(shock)to find the house com- 8.With the aid of rescue workers,they have all man- pletely destroyed. aged to rebuild their houses. 3.Up to now food and water have been delivered [维度3]话题写作（通知） (deliver)to the disaster-stricken area,where many 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校本周五将举办 people surviving the disaster are in urgent need of help. 一场关于消防安全(fire safety)知识的讲座，请你代 4.The powerful(power)earthquake has left many 表校学生会写一则通知。内容包括： houses in ruins. 1.讲座的时间、地点； 5.In the face of the disaster,he calmly (calm)ar- 2.讲座的内容； ranged for a car to pick up her children. 6.To our joy,the sufferer suffer)has decided to 3.欢迎大家积极参加。 give up smoking. 注意：1.词数80左右； 7.At present,the team is looking into the cause of the 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 forest fire,which caused more than 30 deaths(dead). 参考词汇：灭火器fire extinguisher 8.In face of disaster,we must unify and show the 火灾逃生演练fire escape drill wisdom(wise)to stay positive and rebuild for a Notice brighter future. 9.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total elec- tricity(electric)consumed in the US. Students'Union 10.The tree has grown to a length(long)of three or [参考范文] twenty meters in the past three years. Notice ◆[维度2]固定用法 To help you know more about fire safety,a lec- 1.The door was locked and they were trapped in the ture is scheduled to kick off at 3 pm in the lecture building. hall this Friday. 2.(2025·全国二卷)About half of Ho's students Firstly,the fireman invited will introduce the stay for a week or less;others are there for more possible causes of a fire.Then he will show us how than a year. to use a fire extinguisher,and how to sound the 3.(2025·北京卷)..，these core features are built alarm.Finally,a fire escape drill is arranged to en- in with our memories to create a personal story sure us students to learn the right steps to take in through which we understand our lives. case a fire breaks out. 4.The two old laws published in the 1960s are still It is sure to be of great significance.Do come in effect. and attend the lecture. 5.The general manager of our company has gone to Students'Union America on business. ·34· 基础必备必修第一册 读后续写微技能5一“建”网站，“好”心情 精彩词汇记牢 单句续写运用 chat online 网上聊天 upload vt. 上传 用左栏的表达续写下列句子。 download vt. 下载 DI prefer to chat online rather than send emails. blog n. 博客 2And we can basically build this online community. social networking 社交网络 3It also incorporates group chats so that you can online community 网络社区 chat with other people in the area. group chat 群聊 培优提能加餐 学生用书P35 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义 根据语境选出strike及其短语的含义 1.(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep of the land and the A.u.成交 B.u.使突然想起 C.n.罢工 D.u.(灾难、疾病等)袭击 stoicism(坚忍)of the people move her to some E.o.划火柴 F.v.钟敲 beautiful writing. n.连绵弯曲的地带 1.A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing 2.(2025·全国二卷)She was flooded,shipping out hundreds of people. D 2.It struck me that playing against the other team 1,200 orders in June of2020 alone..大量涌入 was a great learning moment for all the girls on 3.(2025·全国-卷)They could have written pages the team. B 3.It is by no means clear what president can do to on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and end the strike. C of itself,simply didn't strike them as important. 4.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five. F .使…觉得 5....some labor unions recently struck a deal with a 4.Suddenly another thought went through Kate's group of companies limiting the number of hours mind like an electric shock. n.休克；电击 that independent contractors can be on call. [培优2]高考语篇培素养 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (江苏卷)In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yel- lowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about 1.What puzzled Christiansen when something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't he was studying Yellowstone? find the park's volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yel- A.Its complicated geographical lowstone was volcanic in nature-that's what accounted for all its hot features. springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldn't find the B.Its ever-lasting influence on Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes,think of the classic tourism. cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created when C.The mysterious history of the erupting magma(piles up.These can form remarkably quickly. park. In 1943,a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a D.The exact location of the vol- small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cano. cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at al- most fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Al- 2.What does the second paragraph together there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth,all mainly talk about? but a few hundred of them extinct.There is,however,a second less A.The shapes of volcanoes. known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building.These B.The impacts of volcanoes. are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, C.The activities of volcanoes. leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of D.The heights of volcanoes. this second type,but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere. ·35· 高考总复习英语 续表 Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official 3.What does the underlined word passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assump “blow-up”in the last paragraph tion that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors'cen- most probably mean? ters.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos,he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park-2.2 million acres- A.Hot-air balloon. was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles B.Digital camera. across-much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At C.Big photograph. some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a vio- D.Bird's view. lence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年代， D...that's what accounted for all its hot springs Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史 and other steamy features. B 时，对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑： 2It's a great film and it features a Spanish actor who 他找不到公园里的火山。 is going to be a world star within a year. D 1.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bob Chris 2.form tiansen became..the park's volcano”可知，Bob A.u.形成 B.n.形式 Christiansen对黄石国家公园的火山的准确位置感 C.v.建立 D.n.表格 到困惑。] DThese can form remarkably quickly. A 2.A[段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其第一句 2Sign your name on the form where I've put a 和“a second less known type of..a vast hole”可 cross. 知，该段主要讲两类火山的形态。] D ◆素养提升（阅读理解之段落大意） 3.C[词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第三句可 段落大意属于主旨要义题的一种，往往有四种形 知，NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片，Chris 式：(1)主题句在开头；(2)主题句在结尾；(3)主题 tiansen在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知， 句在中间；(4)无主题句。本文第二段属于无主题 blow-up意为“放大的照片”。] 句的段落。考生可以通过关键词“classic cone ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 shapes(典型的圆锥体形状)”、“However(但是)”、 还有“a second type of volcano(另一种类型的火 1.the volcanic history 火山的历史 山)”，这种山“burst open”,只“留下a vast hole,the 2.pile up 堆积 caldera(火山口)”。综合这些信息，本段的大意就 3.the confused owner 困惑的所有者 显而易见了一讲述两种不同类型的火山。故第 4.top out 达到 2题选A项。 5.a single big crack 一个大裂缝 ◆[针对训练](2024·新课标I卷，B Paragraph3) 6.some new high-altitude cameras 一些新的高空摄像机 Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tin- 7.the park authorities 公园管理局 8.far beyond the scale 远远超出此规模 dale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep, (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an 1.volcano n. 火山 2.scale n. 规模 additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing re- 3.altogether adv. 完全 ports that her horse,Nappy,"moves more easily 灭绝的 and rides more comfortably"after a chiropractic 4.extinct adj. adjustment. 5.explosive adj. 爆炸的 6.thoughtful adj. 深思的 What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? 7.assumption n. 假定 A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. 8.acre n. 英亩 B.The complexity of veterinarians'work. (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横 C.Examples of rare animal diseases. 线上) D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 1.feature 解析：D[本段是文章的第三自然段。本段列举 了两种动物：狗和马。两种动物在使用“holistic A.n.特色 B.m.地理特征 medicine'”之后，都“effective(有效)”：狗多活了五 C.v.以…为特色 D..由…主演 个月；马活动更加自由了。] 36