Unit 1 Reading and Thinking（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 分层设计覆盖基础巩固至高考链接，构建词汇-语法-语篇递进逻辑，提升语言应用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|短语翻译(10)+短文填空(8)+语法填空(10)|基础记忆与单句应用|从核心短语到语法点(如used to do、时态语态)的基础认知| |B组能力进阶|完成句子(10)+语法填空(10)|语境化语法与句型转换|词汇语法在句子层面的综合运用，衔接基础与语篇| |C组思维拔高|阅读理解(4)+七选五(5)|语篇理解与逻辑衔接|通过科普文与说明文考查细节推理、篇章结构分析| |拓展链接高考|高考真题(4)|高考题型仿真训练|对接高考命题趋势，强化微塑料主题的跨学科思维|

分层作业 Unit 1 Period 1 Listening and Speaking 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】1.deal with 2.lead to / result in 3.once and for all 4.find out 5.be to blame 6.stop...in its tracks 7.thanks to 8.be linked to / be connected with 9.in general 10.be infected by / with 【解析】 1.deal with — 课文原句："no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera"（处理霍乱），引申为"处理、应对"。 2.lead to / result in — 表示因果关系，课文中"germs in food or water caused cholera"。 3.once and for all — 课文原句："destroy cholera once and for all"，意为"彻底地、一劳永逸地"。 4.find out — 课文原句："He was determined to find out why."，意为"查明、弄清真相"。 5.be to blame — 课文原句："Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame."，注意用主动形式表示被动含义。 6.stop...in its tracks — 课文原句："the disease was stopped in its tracks"，意为"当场阻止、立即阻止"。 7.thanks to — 课文原句："thanks to the work of John Snow"，表示"由于、多亏"。 8.be linked to / be connected with — 课文原句："show a link between"，表示两者之间的关联。 9.in general — 课文原句："In general, doctors in those days had..."，意为"一般来说、总体而言"。 10.be infected by / with — 课文原句："the water...had been infected by waste"，表示"被……感染/污染"。 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 【答案】1.blame 2.infection 3.multiple 4.transform 5.decrease 6.substantial 7.proof 8.severe 【解析】 1.blame — 固定搭配 "be to blame for" 表示"因……应受责备"。此处意为"体内细胞中的一种关键蛋白质应对感冒病毒的传播负责"。 2.infection — 前文提到"targeting the host rather than the infection"，意为"针对宿主而非感染本身"。与传统治疗方法不同，因为病毒难以直接靶向。 3.multiple — "multiple kinds" 意为"多种多样的"，说明感冒病毒种类繁多。 4.transform — 此处为动词，意为"转变、变异"。病毒快速变异意味着它们能迅速产生耐药性。注意句子主语是复数 viruses，谓语用原形 transform。 5.decrease — 此处为动词不定式，意为"减少副作用的机会"。decrease 意为"减少、降低"。 6.substantial — 修饰 advances，意为"重大的、可观的进展"。 7.proof — 此处为名词，意为"证据"。科学家需要进一步的证据来证明药物安全。 8.severe — 此处为形容词，意为"严重的"。药物不能严重伤害身体。so...that... 结构表示"如此……以至于…… "。 三、单句语法填空。 【答案】1.to be 2.frustrated 3.contradictory 4.subscribed 5.had been infected / was infected 6.transformed 7.epidemiology 8.to get 9.intervention 10.to find 【解析】 1.to be — "used to do" 为固定搭配，表示"过去常常做某事"，后接动词原形。此处用 to be。 2.frustrated — 此处为-ed形容词，修饰人，表示"感到沮丧的"。主语是 Snow（人），故用 frustrated。 3.contradictory — 此处需要形容词修饰名词 theories。contradictory 意为"相互矛盾的"。 4.subscribed — 此处描述过去的事实（Snow 当时相信该理论），用一般过去时 subscribed to。 5.had been infected / was infected — "被感染"用被动语态。若强调"已经被感染"，可用过去完成时 had been infected；若只陈述过去事实，也可用一般过去时 was infected。 .6transformed — 此处描述 Snow 对科学研究方式的改变，用一般过去时 transformed。 7.epidemiology — "现代流行病学之父"，epidemiology 为名词，意为"流行病学"。 8.to get — "be likely to do" 为固定搭配，意为"很有可能做某事"，后接不定式 to get。 9.intervention — 此处需要名词作介词 Through 的宾语。intervention 意为"干预、介入"。 10.to find — "be determined to do" 为固定搭配，意为"决心做某事"，后接不定式 to find。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 【答案】1. feared 2.sure, blame 3.Through, stopped 4.Thanks to, substantial 5.In general, contradictory 6.subscribed to, proof 7.likely, pure 8.determined, ten 9.suspected, blame 10.As a result of, announce 【解析】 1.feared — "one of the most feared diseases" 意为"最令人恐惧的疾病之一"，feared 为过去分词作形容词，修饰 diseases。 2.sure, blame — "be sure that" 表示"确信"；"be to blame" 为固定搭配，用主动形式表示被动含义，意为"应受责备"。 3.Through, stopped — "through" 表示"通过（某种方式）"；"stop...in its tracks" 为课文原短语，意为"使……立即停止"。 4.Thanks to, substantial — "thanks to" 意为"多亏、由于"，后接名词；"substantial" 意为"大量的、可观的"，修饰 decrease。 5.In general, contradictory — "in general" 为固定短语，意为"一般来说"；"contradictory" 为形容词，意为"相互矛盾的"。 6.subscribed to, proof — "subscribe to" 意为"赞同、支持"；"proof" 为不可数名词，意为"证据"。 7.likely, pure — "be likely to do" 意为"很有可能做某事"；"pure" 意为"纯净的"，与 boiled water 并列。 8.determined, ten — "be determined to do" 意为"决心做某事"；课文原文为"more than 500 people died in ten days"。 9.suspected, blame — "suspect that" 意为"怀疑……"；"be to blame" 为固定搭配，意为"应负责任"。 10.As a result of, announce — "as a result of" 意为"由于……的结果"；"announce" 意为"宣布"，后接 that 从句。 五、语法填空 【答案】 1．had left 2．to 3．living 4．chose 5．who/that 6．the 7．academic 8．But 9．eventually 10．her 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了谢蕾在英国作交换生的生活和学习情况。 【详解】1．考查时态。句意：因为这是她第一次离开中国，她必须适应不同国家的生活。这里是“it was the+序数词+time that从句”句型，意为“这是第……次……”，that从句应用过去完成时。故填had left。 2．考查介词。句意参考上题。adapt to意为“适应”。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：谢蕾不像其他学生那样住在校园宿舍，她选择了和寄宿家庭一起生活，寄宿家庭有助于她适应新文化。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。live和she之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填living。 4．考查时态。句意参考上题。根据上下文时态可知，这里描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填chose。 5．考查定语从句。句意参考第3题。空处引导一个定语从句，指代先行词a host family，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以可用who或that引导。故填who/that。 6．考查冠词。句意参考第3题。根据空后的new culture可知，这里特指在伦敦的新文化，应加定冠词。故填the。 7．考查形容词。句意：对她来说，另一个挑战是学业要求。空处应用形容词，作定语，修饰requirements。academic意为“学业的”。故填academic。 8．考查连词。句意：但通过她的努力，最终她得到了一个完美的展示。上文“Xie Lei really felt confused because she thought she knew less than other people.(谢蕾真的很困惑，因为她认为自己比其他人了解得少。)”讲述了谢蕾因为懂得少而感到困惑，句中的“she got a perfect presentation”讲她的展示很完美，前后之间是转折关系，所以应用but。故填But。 9．考查副词。句意参考上题。空处应用副词修饰句子。eventually意为“最后，终于”。故填eventually。 10．考查代词。句意：现在她的交换年已经过半，我们祝愿她一切顺利。空处应用代词宾格her，作宾语。故填her。 六、阅读理解 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了研究人员利用两种细菌合作生产彩色布料的技术，为传统纺织业提供了一种可持续的替代方案。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This offers a sustainable alternative to today’s fashion industry, which relies heavily on oil-based fibers and chemical dyes (染料) containing heavy metals. These traditional processes release greenhouse gases, damage water quality, and pollute the soil.(这为当今严重依赖石油基纤维和含有重金属的化学染料的时尚产业提供了一种可持续的替代方案。这些传统工艺会释放温室气体，破坏水质，并污染土壤。)”可知，作者提到“重金属”是为了说明传统染色方法会释放温室气体，破坏水质，并污染土壤，即传统染色方法存在的问题。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Originally, the two bacteria disturbed each other’s growth, so either little material was produced or it remained uncolored. (最初，这两种细菌会干扰彼此的生长，所以要么只产出很少的材料，要么材料仍然没有颜色)”可知，团队起初面临的主要困难是两种细菌相互干扰生长。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most colors stayed strong, and some even did better than traditional dyes in washing tests. (大多数颜色保持牢固，有些甚至在洗涤测试中比传统染料表现更好)”可知，新材料的颜色大多是持久的。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, Lee says the bacteria-based cloth is at least five years away from being sold in stores. Challenges include increasing production and competing with low-cost petroleum products. Real progress, he adds, will require people to care more about the environment than price.(然而，Lee表示，这种基于细菌的布料至少还需要五年才能上市销售。面临的挑战包括提高产量以及与低成本的石油产品竞争。他补充说，真正的进步需要人们更多地关心环境而非价格)”可知，Lee认为这项技术的进展取决于人们是否更多地关心环境而非价格，是否更重视可持续性。 七、七选五 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．C 【导语】文章主要介绍云存储的多项优势，包括存取便捷、安全、便于分享、价格低廉。 【详解】1．由上文“You may also be using a cloud storage service like many other people.(你或许和很多人一样正在使用云存储服务。)”以及后文分段介绍云存储各类优点可知，前文引入云存储，下文开始介绍优势，本空总起下文，引出下文介绍的几大优点。D选项“下面是云存储的一些优点。”承上启下，符合语境。 2．由下文“Users are not only able to upload their files easily, but they are also able to access the stored stuff quickly. Since all their data is stored in the cloud, it remains available for use at any moment, ensuring that their information is always at their fingertips.(用户不仅可以便捷地上传文件，还能快速调取已存储的资料。由于所有数据均存储在云端，随时可供取用，确保用户能随时随地轻松获取自己的信息。)”可知，整段围绕使用便捷、随时可访问展开，本空为本段中心句，概括本段核心。A 选项“云存储极易存取使用。”总领段落，符合语境。 3．由上文“Many times, people face the danger of losing their data stored on computers, laptops or a USB drive.(很多时候，人们存在电脑、笔记本、U盘里的数据有丢失风险。)”及下文“No data is ever erased or lost from this online storage system, unless you delete it.(除非手动删除，线上存储系统里的数据不会丢失。)”可知，上文讲本地存储易丢数据，下文讲云存储不会出现该问题，本空形成转折，说明云存储能规避这类麻烦。G选项“但将数据存在云端可以避免这类问题。”承上启下，符合语境。 4．由上文“In addition, cloud storage enables quick data sharing.(此外，云存储可以快速分享数据。)”以及下文“Cloud offers great convenience to users who may want to share their stored data with others in their work team.(对于需要和团队成员共享资料的用户来说，云存储十分便捷。)”可知，本段核心是团队数据共享，本空承接共享功能，点明对团队协作的意义。B选项“这对高效团队协作十分重要。”承上启下，符合语境。 5．由上文“If you need more space than the free amount, you can pay a little money to get it.(如果免费空间不够，只需小额付费就能扩容。)”可知，上文说明云存储低价扩容的特点，本空承接价格优势，说明该价格大众都能承受。C选项“这样的价格让大多数用户都负担得起。”收尾本段价格相关内容，符合语境。 【答案】32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 【详解】32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.处理；对付 __________ 2.导致；造成 __________ 3.一次性地；彻底地 __________ 4.查明；弄清 __________ 5.应受责备；应负责任 __________ 6.使……停止；阻止 __________ 7.多亏；由于 __________ 8.与……有关联 __________ 9.主要地；一般地 __________ 10.被……感染 __________ 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 | infection | multiple | decrease | severe | transform | proof | blame | substantial | British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body's cells that is to 1. __________ for the spread of cold-causing virus. Targeting the host rather than the 2. __________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing viruses are not only of 3. __________ kinds, they also 4. __________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into one's lungs, to 5. __________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made 6. __________ advances in their research, further 7. __________ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so 8. __________ that they harm the body. 三、单句语法填空。 1.Cholera used __________ (be) one of the most feared diseases in the world. 2.Snow became __________ (frustrate) because no one knew how to treat cholera. 3.In general, doctors had two __________ (contradict) theories to explain the disease. 4.Snow __________ (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by germs. 5.The water from the pump __________ (infect) by waste. 6.Snow __________ (transform) the way scientists study diseases. 7.Snow is considered the father of modern __________ (epidemiology). 8.The people who drank this water were much more likely __________ (get) cholera. 9.Through this __________ (intervene), the disease was stopped. 10.He was determined __________ (find) out why so many people died. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.霍乱曾经是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 Cholera used to be one of the most __________ diseases in the world. 2.斯诺确信水井是罪魁祸首。 Snow was __________ that the water pump was to __________. 3.通过这次干预，疾病被彻底阻止了。 __________ this intervention, the disease was __________ in its tracks. 4.多亏了斯诺的不懈努力，霍乱的威胁大幅下降。 __________ __________ Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera saw a __________ decrease. 5.总的来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论。 __________ __________, doctors in those days had two __________ theories. 6.斯诺赞同第二种理论，但他仍然需要证据。 Snow __________ __________ the second theory, but he still needed __________. 7.喝这种水的人比喝纯水或开水的人更容易得霍乱。 The people who drank this water were much more __________ to get cholera than those who drank __________ or boiled water. 8.斯诺决心查明为什么在十天内超过500人死亡。 Snow was __________ to find out why more than 500 people died in __________ days. 9.斯诺怀疑布罗德街的水井应为此负责。 Snow __________ that the water pump in Broad Street was to __________. 10.由于这个证据，斯诺宣布井水携带了霍乱病菌。 __________ __________ __________ this evidence, Snow was able to __________ that the pump water carried cholera germs. 五、语法填空 Six months ago, Xie Lei boarded a plane for London. Because it was the first time that she 1 (leave) China, she had to adapt 2 life in a different country. Not 3 (live) in campus accommodation like other students, Xie Lei 4 (choose) to live with a host family 5 can help with her adaption to 6 new culture. Another challenge for her is the 7 (academy) requirements. Her tutor wanted to know what she thought. Xie Lei really felt confused because she thought she knew less than other people. 8 through her hard work, 9 (eventual) she got a perfect presentation. Now halfway through her exchange year, we wish 10 (she) all the best. 六、阅读理解 In the future, your clothes might be grown from living bacteria (细菌). Researchers report that bacteria can produce colorful cloth in a single process. This offers a sustainable alternative to today’s fashion industry, which relies heavily on oil-based fibers and chemical dyes (染料) containing heavy metals. These traditional processes release greenhouse gases, damage water quality, and pollute the soil. Biochemical engineer Sang Yup Lee and his team grew two types of bacteria together: one that produces a material to replace polyester and nylon (聚酯纤维和锦纶), and another that creates natural colors. Originally, the two bacteria disturbed each other’s growth, so either little material was produced or it remained uncolored. After testing, the team found a way to make them work together, finally producing colorful sheets in purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. The team then tested how well the colors lasted. They washed, heated, and put the materials in different liquids. Most colors stayed strong, and some even did better than traditional dyes in washing tests. However, Lee says the bacteria-based cloth is at least five years away from being sold in stores. Challenges include increasing production and competing with low-cost petroleum products. Real progress, he adds, will require people to care more about the environment than price. 1．Why does the author mention “heavy metals” in paragraph 1? A．To explain why bacteria can produce colors. B．To show a problem with traditional dyeing methods. C．To compare different types of chemical dyes. D．To prove that traditionally made cloth is strong. 2．What was the main difficulty the team faced at the beginning? A．The two bacteria could not produce natural colors. B．The two bacteria stopped each other from growing well. C．The material could not be made into colorful sheets. D．The bacteria could only produce very little colored materials. 3．What can we learn from the color test? A．The bacteria-based cloth fades easily when washed. B．Traditional dyes perform better in all the tests. C．The colors of the new materials are mostly lasting. D．Heating can change the colors of the new materials. 4．What matters for the technology according to Lee? A．Cutting down the cost of mass production. B．Finding more types of color-producing bacteria. C．Changing people’s values toward sustainability. D．Increasing the production of the new cloth. 七、七选五 Why Do People Use Cloud Storage? You may know about the virtual storage space called cloud storage, where you can check, change and store your data. You may also be using a cloud storage service like many other people. 1 2 Users are not only able to upload their files easily, but they are also able to access the stored stuff quickly. Since all their data is stored in the cloud, it remains available for use at any moment, ensuring that their information is always at their fingertips. Data security is another critical advantage. Cloud storage protects you from losing files because of hardware failure. Many times, people face the danger of losing their data stored on computers, laptops or a USB drive. 3 No data is ever erased or lost from this online storage system, unless you delete it. In addition, cloud storage enables quick data sharing. 4 Cloud offers great convenience to users who may want to share their stored data with others in their work team. Besides, the cloud provides an opportunity to make specific data public. You can also choose exactly who to share your files with, and decide what they can do with them, like viewing or making changes. Cloud storage is not only a safe and organized way to back up your data, but it also doesn’t cost much. On most cloud services, you can get some storage space for free. If you need more space than the free amount, you can pay a little money to get it. 5 A．Cloud storage is highly accessible. B．This is very important for effective teamwork. C．This price makes it affordable for most users. D．Here are some advantages of cloud storage. E．However, this is not enough to stop people loving it. F．It also requires a stable internet connection to function well. G．However, storing it in the cloud can avoid any such trouble. （2025·全国一卷·阅读理解）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 33．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.处理；对付 __________ 2.导致；造成 __________ 3.一次性地；彻底地 __________ 4.查明；弄清 __________ 5.应受责备；应负责任 __________ 6.使……停止；阻止 __________ 7.多亏；由于 __________ 8.与……有关联 __________ 9.主要地；一般地 __________ 10.被……感染 __________ 【答案】1.deal with 2.lead to / result in 3.once and for all 4.find out 5.be to blame 6.stop...in its tracks 7.thanks to 8.be linked to / be connected with 9.in general 10.be infected by / with 【解析】 1.deal with — 课文原句："no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera"（处理霍乱），引申为"处理、应对"。 2.lead to / result in — 表示因果关系，课文中"germs in food or water caused cholera"。 3.once and for all — 课文原句："destroy cholera once and for all"，意为"彻底地、一劳永逸地"。 4.find out — 课文原句："He was determined to find out why."，意为"查明、弄清真相"。 5.be to blame — 课文原句："Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame."，注意用主动形式表示被动含义。 6.stop...in its tracks — 课文原句："the disease was stopped in its tracks"，意为"当场阻止、立即阻止"。 7.thanks to — 课文原句："thanks to the work of John Snow"，表示"由于、多亏"。 8.be linked to / be connected with — 课文原句："show a link between"，表示两者之间的关联。 9.in general — 课文原句："In general, doctors in those days had..."，意为"一般来说、总体而言"。 10.be infected by / with — 课文原句："the water...had been infected by waste"，表示"被……感染/污染"。 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 | infection | multiple | decrease | severe | transform | proof | blame | substantial | British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body's cells that is to 1. __________ for the spread of cold-causing virus. Targeting the host rather than the 2. __________ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus. Cold-causing viruses are not only of 3. __________ kinds, they also 4. __________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into one's lungs, to 5. __________ the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made 6. __________ advances in their research, further 7. __________ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so 8. __________ that they harm the body. 【答案】1.blame 2.infection 3.multiple 4.transform 5.decrease 6.substantial 7.proof 8.severe 【解析】 1.blame — 固定搭配 "be to blame for" 表示"因……应受责备"。此处意为"体内细胞中的一种关键蛋白质应对感冒病毒的传播负责"。 2.infection — 前文提到"targeting the host rather than the infection"，意为"针对宿主而非感染本身"。与传统治疗方法不同，因为病毒难以直接靶向。 3.multiple — "multiple kinds" 意为"多种多样的"，说明感冒病毒种类繁多。 4.transform — 此处为动词，意为"转变、变异"。病毒快速变异意味着它们能迅速产生耐药性。注意句子主语是复数 viruses，谓语用原形 transform。 5.decrease — 此处为动词不定式，意为"减少副作用的机会"。decrease 意为"减少、降低"。 6.substantial — 修饰 advances，意为"重大的、可观的进展"。 7.proof — 此处为名词，意为"证据"。科学家需要进一步的证据来证明药物安全。 8.severe — 此处为形容词，意为"严重的"。药物不能严重伤害身体。so...that... 结构表示"如此……以至于……"。 三、单句语法填空。 1.Cholera used __________ (be) one of the most feared diseases in the world. 2.Snow became __________ (frustrate) because no one knew how to treat cholera. 3.In general, doctors had two __________ (contradict) theories to explain the disease. 4.Snow __________ (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by germs. 5.The water from the pump __________ (infect) by waste. 6.Snow __________ (transform) the way scientists study diseases. 7.Snow is considered the father of modern __________ (epidemiology). 8.The people who drank this water were much more likely __________ (get) cholera. 9.Through this __________ (intervene), the disease was stopped. 10.He was determined __________ (find) out why so many people died. 【答案】1.to be 2.frustrated 3.contradictory 4.subscribed 5.had been infected / was infected 6.transformed 7.epidemiology 8.to get 9.intervention 10.to find 【解析】 1.to be — "used to do" 为固定搭配，表示"过去常常做某事"，后接动词原形。此处用 to be。 2.frustrated — 此处为-ed形容词，修饰人，表示"感到沮丧的"。主语是 Snow（人），故用 frustrated。 3.contradictory — 此处需要形容词修饰名词 theories。contradictory 意为"相互矛盾的"。 4.subscribed — 此处描述过去的事实（Snow 当时相信该理论），用一般过去时 subscribed to。 5.had been infected / was infected — "被感染"用被动语态。若强调"已经被感染"，可用过去完成时 had been infected；若只陈述过去事实，也可用一般过去时 was infected。 .6transformed — 此处描述 Snow 对科学研究方式的改变，用一般过去时 transformed。 7.epidemiology — "现代流行病学之父"，epidemiology 为名词，意为"流行病学"。 8.to get — "be likely to do" 为固定搭配，意为"很有可能做某事"，后接不定式 to get。 9.intervention — 此处需要名词作介词 Through 的宾语。intervention 意为"干预、介入"。 10.to find — "be determined to do" 为固定搭配，意为"决心做某事"，后接不定式 to find。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.霍乱曾经是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 Cholera used to be one of the most __________ diseases in the world. 2.斯诺确信水井是罪魁祸首。 Snow was __________ that the water pump was to __________. 3.通过这次干预，疾病被彻底阻止了。 __________ this intervention, the disease was __________ in its tracks. 4.多亏了斯诺的不懈努力，霍乱的威胁大幅下降。 __________ __________ Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera saw a __________ decrease. 5.总的来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论。 __________ __________, doctors in those days had two __________ theories. 6.斯诺赞同第二种理论，但他仍然需要证据。 Snow __________ __________ the second theory, but he still needed __________. 7.喝这种水的人比喝纯水或开水的人更容易得霍乱。 The people who drank this water were much more __________ to get cholera than those who drank __________ or boiled water. 8.斯诺决心查明为什么在十天内超过500人死亡。 Snow was __________ to find out why more than 500 people died in __________ days. 9.斯诺怀疑布罗德街的水井应为此负责。 Snow __________ that the water pump in Broad Street was to __________. 10.由于这个证据，斯诺宣布井水携带了霍乱病菌。 __________ __________ __________ this evidence, Snow was able to __________ that the pump water carried cholera germs. 【答案】1. feared 2.sure, blame 3.Through, stopped 4.Thanks to, substantial 5.In general, contradictory 6.subscribed to, proof 7.likely, pure 8.determined, ten 9.suspected, blame 10.As a result of, announce 【解析】 1.feared — "one of the most feared diseases" 意为"最令人恐惧的疾病之一"，feared 为过去分词作形容词，修饰 diseases。 2.sure, blame — "be sure that" 表示"确信"；"be to blame" 为固定搭配，用主动形式表示被动含义，意为"应受责备"。 3.Through, stopped — "through" 表示"通过（某种方式）"；"stop...in its tracks" 为课文原短语，意为"使……立即停止"。 4.Thanks to, substantial — "thanks to" 意为"多亏、由于"，后接名词；"substantial" 意为"大量的、可观的"，修饰 decrease。 5.In general, contradictory — "in general" 为固定短语，意为"一般来说"；"contradictory" 为形容词，意为"相互矛盾的"。 6.subscribed to, proof — "subscribe to" 意为"赞同、支持"；"proof" 为不可数名词，意为"证据"。 7.likely, pure — "be likely to do" 意为"很有可能做某事"；"pure" 意为"纯净的"，与 boiled water 并列。 8.determined, ten — "be determined to do" 意为"决心做某事"；课文原文为"more than 500 people died in ten days"。 9.suspected, blame — "suspect that" 意为"怀疑……"；"be to blame" 为固定搭配，意为"应负责任"。 10.As a result of, announce — "as a result of" 意为"由于……的结果"；"announce" 意为"宣布"，后接 that 从句。 五、语法填空 Six months ago, Xie Lei boarded a plane for London. Because it was the first time that she 1 (leave) China, she had to adapt 2 life in a different country. Not 3 (live) in campus accommodation like other students, Xie Lei 4 (choose) to live with a host family 5 can help with her adaption to 6 new culture. Another challenge for her is the 7 (academy) requirements. Her tutor wanted to know what she thought. Xie Lei really felt confused because she thought she knew less than other people. 8 through her hard work, 9 (eventual) she got a perfect presentation. Now halfway through her exchange year, we wish 10 (she) all the best. 【答案】 1．had left 2．to 3．living 4．chose 5．who/that 6．the 7．academic 8．But 9．eventually 10．her 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了谢蕾在英国作交换生的生活和学习情况。 【详解】1．考查时态。句意：因为这是她第一次离开中国，她必须适应不同国家的生活。这里是“it was the+序数词+time that从句”句型，意为“这是第……次……”，that从句应用过去完成时。故填had left。 2．考查介词。句意参考上题。adapt to意为“适应”。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：谢蕾不像其他学生那样住在校园宿舍，她选择了和寄宿家庭一起生活，寄宿家庭有助于她适应新文化。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。live和she之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填living。 4．考查时态。句意参考上题。根据上下文时态可知，这里描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填chose。 5．考查定语从句。句意参考第3题。空处引导一个定语从句，指代先行词a host family，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以可用who或that引导。故填who/that。 6．考查冠词。句意参考第3题。根据空后的new culture可知，这里特指在伦敦的新文化，应加定冠词。故填the。 7．考查形容词。句意：对她来说，另一个挑战是学业要求。空处应用形容词，作定语，修饰requirements。academic意为“学业的”。故填academic。 8．考查连词。句意：但通过她的努力，最终她得到了一个完美的展示。上文“Xie Lei really felt confused because she thought she knew less than other people.(谢蕾真的很困惑，因为她认为自己比其他人了解得少。)”讲述了谢蕾因为懂得少而感到困惑，句中的“she got a perfect presentation”讲她的展示很完美，前后之间是转折关系，所以应用but。故填But。 9．考查副词。句意参考上题。空处应用副词修饰句子。eventually意为“最后，终于”。故填eventually。 10．考查代词。句意：现在她的交换年已经过半，我们祝愿她一切顺利。空处应用代词宾格her，作宾语。故填her。 六、阅读理解 In the future, your clothes might be grown from living bacteria (细菌). Researchers report that bacteria can produce colorful cloth in a single process. This offers a sustainable alternative to today’s fashion industry, which relies heavily on oil-based fibers and chemical dyes (染料) containing heavy metals. These traditional processes release greenhouse gases, damage water quality, and pollute the soil. Biochemical engineer Sang Yup Lee and his team grew two types of bacteria together: one that produces a material to replace polyester and nylon (聚酯纤维和锦纶), and another that creates natural colors. Originally, the two bacteria disturbed each other’s growth, so either little material was produced or it remained uncolored. After testing, the team found a way to make them work together, finally producing colorful sheets in purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. The team then tested how well the colors lasted. They washed, heated, and put the materials in different liquids. Most colors stayed strong, and some even did better than traditional dyes in washing tests. However, Lee says the bacteria-based cloth is at least five years away from being sold in stores. Challenges include increasing production and competing with low-cost petroleum products. Real progress, he adds, will require people to care more about the environment than price. 1．Why does the author mention “heavy metals” in paragraph 1? A．To explain why bacteria can produce colors. B．To show a problem with traditional dyeing methods. C．To compare different types of chemical dyes. D．To prove that traditionally made cloth is strong. 2．What was the main difficulty the team faced at the beginning? A．The two bacteria could not produce natural colors. B．The two bacteria stopped each other from growing well. C．The material could not be made into colorful sheets. D．The bacteria could only produce very little colored materials. 3．What can we learn from the color test? A．The bacteria-based cloth fades easily when washed. B．Traditional dyes perform better in all the tests. C．The colors of the new materials are mostly lasting. D．Heating can change the colors of the new materials. 4．What matters for the technology according to Lee? A．Cutting down the cost of mass production. B．Finding more types of color-producing bacteria. C．Changing people’s values toward sustainability. D．Increasing the production of the new cloth. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了研究人员利用两种细菌合作生产彩色布料的技术，为传统纺织业提供了一种可持续的替代方案。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This offers a sustainable alternative to today’s fashion industry, which relies heavily on oil-based fibers and chemical dyes (染料) containing heavy metals. These traditional processes release greenhouse gases, damage water quality, and pollute the soil.(这为当今严重依赖石油基纤维和含有重金属的化学染料的时尚产业提供了一种可持续的替代方案。这些传统工艺会释放温室气体，破坏水质，并污染土壤。)”可知，作者提到“重金属”是为了说明传统染色方法会释放温室气体，破坏水质，并污染土壤，即传统染色方法存在的问题。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Originally, the two bacteria disturbed each other’s growth, so either little material was produced or it remained uncolored. (最初，这两种细菌会干扰彼此的生长，所以要么只产出很少的材料，要么材料仍然没有颜色)”可知，团队起初面临的主要困难是两种细菌相互干扰生长。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most colors stayed strong, and some even did better than traditional dyes in washing tests. (大多数颜色保持牢固，有些甚至在洗涤测试中比传统染料表现更好)”可知，新材料的颜色大多是持久的。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, Lee says the bacteria-based cloth is at least five years away from being sold in stores. Challenges include increasing production and competing with low-cost petroleum products. Real progress, he adds, will require people to care more about the environment than price.(然而，Lee表示，这种基于细菌的布料至少还需要五年才能上市销售。面临的挑战包括提高产量以及与低成本的石油产品竞争。他补充说，真正的进步需要人们更多地关心环境而非价格)”可知，Lee认为这项技术的进展取决于人们是否更多地关心环境而非价格，是否更重视可持续性。 七、七选五 Why Do People Use Cloud Storage? You may know about the virtual storage space called cloud storage, where you can check, change and store your data. You may also be using a cloud storage service like many other people. 1 2 Users are not only able to upload their files easily, but they are also able to access the stored stuff quickly. Since all their data is stored in the cloud, it remains available for use at any moment, ensuring that their information is always at their fingertips. Data security is another critical advantage. Cloud storage protects you from losing files because of hardware failure. Many times, people face the danger of losing their data stored on computers, laptops or a USB drive. 3 No data is ever erased or lost from this online storage system, unless you delete it. In addition, cloud storage enables quick data sharing. 4 Cloud offers great convenience to users who may want to share their stored data with others in their work team. Besides, the cloud provides an opportunity to make specific data public. You can also choose exactly who to share your files with, and decide what they can do with them, like viewing or making changes. Cloud storage is not only a safe and organized way to back up your data, but it also doesn’t cost much. On most cloud services, you can get some storage space for free. If you need more space than the free amount, you can pay a little money to get it. 5 A．Cloud storage is highly accessible. B．This is very important for effective teamwork. C．This price makes it affordable for most users. D．Here are some advantages of cloud storage. E．However, this is not enough to stop people loving it. F．It also requires a stable internet connection to function well. G．However, storing it in the cloud can avoid any such trouble. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．G 4．B 5．C 【导语】文章主要介绍云存储的多项优势，包括存取便捷、安全、便于分享、价格低廉。 【详解】1．由上文“You may also be using a cloud storage service like many other people.(你或许和很多人一样正在使用云存储服务。)”以及后文分段介绍云存储各类优点可知，前文引入云存储，下文开始介绍优势，本空总起下文，引出下文介绍的几大优点。D选项“下面是云存储的一些优点。”承上启下，符合语境。 2．由下文“Users are not only able to upload their files easily, but they are also able to access the stored stuff quickly. Since all their data is stored in the cloud, it remains available for use at any moment, ensuring that their information is always at their fingertips.(用户不仅可以便捷地上传文件，还能快速调取已存储的资料。由于所有数据均存储在云端，随时可供取用，确保用户能随时随地轻松获取自己的信息。)”可知，整段围绕使用便捷、随时可访问展开，本空为本段中心句，概括本段核心。A 选项“云存储极易存取使用。”总领段落，符合语境。 3．由上文“Many times, people face the danger of losing their data stored on computers, laptops or a USB drive.(很多时候，人们存在电脑、笔记本、U盘里的数据有丢失风险。)”及下文“No data is ever erased or lost from this online storage system, unless you delete it.(除非手动删除，线上存储系统里的数据不会丢失。)”可知，上文讲本地存储易丢数据，下文讲云存储不会出现该问题，本空形成转折，说明云存储能规避这类麻烦。G选项“但将数据存在云端可以避免这类问题。”承上启下，符合语境。 4．由上文“In addition, cloud storage enables quick data sharing.(此外，云存储可以快速分享数据。)”以及下文“Cloud offers great convenience to users who may want to share their stored data with others in their work team.(对于需要和团队成员共享资料的用户来说，云存储十分便捷。)”可知，本段核心是团队数据共享，本空承接共享功能，点明对团队协作的意义。B选项“这对高效团队协作十分重要。”承上启下，符合语境。 5．由上文“If you need more space than the free amount, you can pay a little money to get it.(如果免费空间不够，只需小额付费就能扩容。)”可知，上文说明云存储低价扩容的特点，本空承接价格优势，说明该价格大众都能承受。C选项“这样的价格让大多数用户都负担得起。”收尾本段价格相关内容，符合语境。 （2025·全国一卷·阅读理解）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 33．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【答案】32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 【详解】32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $