Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.It is a pity that he lost all the 　　　　　　(统计数字) because of the sudden breakdown of his computer.  2.I have already 　　　　　　(怀疑) that they won’t agree to my initial plan.  3.Without substantial statistics,I had no idea how to 　　　　　　(处理) the difficult challenge.  4.The businessman s　　　　　　 much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.  5.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as p　　　　　　 as they expect.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The driver was blamed 　　　　　　　　the car accident yesterday because she was texting while driving.  2.Every moment of every day,energy is being transformed from one form 　　　　　　another.  3.Experts say hydrogen technology can reduce industrial gases 　　　　　　(link) to global warming.  4.The breakthrough discovery provided 　　　　　　(prove) of the scientist’s dedication to the pursuit of knowledge.  5.The boss suspected him 　　　　　　taking the computer away from the company.  6.As a matter of fact,air,water,clothing and insects are all means of 　　　　　　(infect).  7.After years of debate,the results of the comprehensive study settled the argument once and 　　　　　　all.  8.Attending 　　　　　　the urgent matters at hand,she prioritized the most critical tasks to ensure everything ran smoothly.  9.Thanks 　　　　　　the teacher’s help,I have made great progress in English.  10.Population growth is decreasing 　　　　　　1.4% each year,so the country is strongly advocating a third-child policy.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.他是如此聪明和勤奋,以至于可以解决许多科学难题。(so...that...) He is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he can solve many scientific problems.  2.他勤奋学习,紧跟本领域的最新研究,以便做出新的科学发明。(so that) He studies diligently and keeps up with the latest research in his field 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.失去对科学研究的欲望是一位科学家最糟糕的事情之一。(动名词短语作主语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is one of the worst things for a scientist.  4.看起来他是一个天才的科学家,因为他在年轻时就做出了重大发现。(It seemed that...) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,as he made significant discoveries at a young age.  5.那些对科学感兴趣的人更有可能从事创新的科学技术工作。(be likely to do) Those interested in science 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　innovative scientific and technological work.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“JOHN SNOW DEFEATS ‘KING CHOLERA’”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.或许大部分人都同意这一观点:癌症是无法被治愈的,这确实令人很沮丧(subscribe to,frustrating) Perhaps most people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that cancer is uncurable,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.很多科学家致力于寻找方法一劳永逸地解决这种疾病。(once and for all) Many scientists have been devoted to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.人们认为,我们的生活方式应对这种严重的疾病负责。(severe,blame) It is thought that our lifestyle may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.研究人员已经找到证据表明某些生活方式与癌症之间的联系。(proof,link) Researchers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that there is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.多亏医学研究的发展,死亡率已经大幅下降。(thanks to,decrease) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the death rate 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist,often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols,which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table.Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic (原子的) model known as the Bohr model,which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume (体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle’s work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X-ray crystallography (晶体学).Together with his father William Henry Bragg,he developed the famous Bragg’s law.This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances,including DNA and proteins. 1.What do we know about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A.He invented a new chemical substance. B.He established the modern periodic table. C.He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D.He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. 2.Who was born in Ireland? A.Jöns Jacob Berzelius. B.Niels Henrik David Bohr. C.Robert Boyle. D.William Lawrence Bragg. 3.What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A.They were born in Denmark. B.They made a contribution to physics. C.They discovered new models for chemistry. D.They did research together with their family. B (2025河北保定六校高二上期中) The motivation for his invention came to Aarrav Anil last year when he saw his uncle Arjun,who has Parkinson’s disease,struggle to eat.Some food spilled (溢出) out of his mouth,the rest splattered (溅) on his clothes.Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him. The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav,17,from Bengaluru,south India,to turn to robotics.He locked himself in his room with microcontrollers,sensors,motors,and a 3D printer.What emerged was a prototype (原型) of a smart spoon that is now undergoing trials at the RV College of Physiotherapy in Bengaluru. The sensors in the battery-operated spoon detect shaking on one side and activate movement on the other,effectively cancelling out shaking to keep the spoon stable. “I’ve been fine tuning the design based on the college’s feedback—that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside;that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork,” Aarrav says.  For Aarrav it is the peak of a 10-year interest in mechanics that began when his mother bought him a Lego set.He has now represented India at more than 20 robotics competitions across the world. When the blueprint for the smart spoon won first prize in the future innovators category at last year’s World Robot Olympiad in Germany,Aarrav felt encouraged to make the prototype. More than 7 million people in India are estimated to have Parkinson’s disease,a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged and which mainly affects people over the age of 50.Symptoms (症状) include involuntary shaking and stiff muscles.As the disease progresses,eating can become more difficult,forcing people to rely on help from others. Aarrav’s ambition is that every family that has someone with Parkinson’s will have the smart spoon.He says his uncle Arjun’s words keep echoing (回响) in his mind:“Who would have thought such a small thing could mean the difference between dignity and indignity?” 4.What can Aarrav’s invention help people with Parkinson’s disease do? A.Control their physical balance. B.Boost their mood and relieve stress. C.Maintain a good range of movement. D.Feed themselves more independently. 5.What does the underlined part “fine tuning” in paragraph 4 mean? A.Overturning. B.Reconsidering. C.Conducting a study of. D.Making minor changes to. 6.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Parkinson’s disease in India? A.To show prospects of Aarrav’s invention. B.To reveal the nation’s poor health situation. C.To popularize general knowledge of the disease. D.To convince people to volunteer for social causes. 7.What can be learned about Aarrav from the text? A.He enjoys being alone. B.He has an innovative mind. C.He used to be a health worker. D.He longed to be a businessman. C (2025海南海口海南中学高二上期中) Yellowstone National Park is boiling.The park is filled with hot springs and geysers—all fueled by a bubbling(沸腾的) supervolcano. Scientists agree the Yellowstone super volcano is unlikely to blow anytime soon.Should it erupt,it would be a disaster.The eruption would shoot out enough rock and ash to cover most of the United States. So in 2017,NASA scientists ran a thought experiment to see if they could stop a future super-eruption.The team came up with the idea of drilling a series of wells around the edge of the park and pumping cold water down into the hot rock.This would cool the boiling rock and prevent a disaster.As a bonus,the system would provide enough geothermal (地热的) energy to power the entire country.The idea,however,has reached a standstill.Yellowstone and other national parks have long been protected from commercial energy development to ensure that these regions remain untouched.  Nowhere has geothermal energy had a greater effect on the environment than in New Zealand.Much like Yellowstone,the Wairakei Basin of the country was once a bubbling scene where 70 geysers periodically fired jets of water into the air.That is,until 1958,when a geothermal power plant was developed nearby.Today,Wairakei does not host a single geyser.The power plant destroyed all 70 of them,along with 240 hot springs. Should a project like this take place at the edges of Yellowstone National Park,it could easily leave the surface features untouched and still drill deep enough to generate geothermal power.Indeed,that was NASA’s supposed solution. But Richards does not like the idea.Even if a geothermal power plant did not destroy the region’s features — from geysers and hot springs to mud pots — the plant would not go unnoticed in such an untouched area. 8.Why did the NASA scientists carry out the study? A.To discover more clean and sustainable energy. B.To estimate Yellowstone super volcano’s danger. C.To seek how to prevent a future volcanic eruption. D.To drill wells to provide easier access to hot water. 9.What does the underlined phrase “reached a standstill” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Come to a temporary stop. B.Won governmental approval. C.Led to a major breakthrough. D.Aroused much public concern. 10.What happened to geysers in the Wairakei Basin since a power plant was built? A.They disappeared completely. B.They mixed with hot springs. C.They became more powerful. D.They were put into better use. 11.Why does Richards disapprove of building a power plant there? A.It could destroy the geysers in the park. B.It would conflict with NASA’s solution. C.It might result in violent volcanic eruptions. D.It would hurt the original scenery of the park. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.emerge vi.　　　　　  2.estimate v.　　　　　  3.ambition n.　　　　　  4.motivate vt. 　　　　　　　　　　→ motivation n. 　　　　　　　　　  5.frustrate vt. 　　　　　　→frustration n. 　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.condition　本文义:n. 　　　　　  其他义:n. 　　　　　  2.progress　本文义:v. 　　　　　　　　　  其他义:n. 　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.refer to...as 　　　　　　　　　　　  2.lay the foundation for 　　　　　　　　　　  3.pave the way for 　　　　　　　　　　　  4.come up with 　　　　　　　　  5.a series of 　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 1.As the disease progresses,eating can become more difficult,forcing people to rely on help from others.(动词-ing形式作结果状语) 句意: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.Should it erupt,it would be a disaster.(虚拟语气) 句意: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.statistics　2.suspected　3.handle　4.subscribes　5.pure Ⅱ.1.for　2.into　3.linked　4.proof　5.of　6.infection 7.for　8.to　9.to　10.by Ⅲ.1.so intelligent and diligent that　2.so that he can make new scientific inventions　3.Losing one’s desire to do scientific research　4.It seemed that he was a scientist of genius 5.are more likely to engage in Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.subscribe to the idea;which is rather frustrating　2.finding ways to deal with cancers once and for all　3.be to blame for this kind of severe disease　4.have found the proof;a link between certain kinds of lifestyle and cancer　5.Thanks to the development of medical research;has decreased greatly Activity 2 Perhaps most people subscribe to the idea that cancer is uncurable,which is rather frustrating.However,many scientists have been devoted to finding ways to deal with cancers once and for all.It is thought that our lifestyle may be to blame for this kind of severe disease,because researchers have found the proof that there is a link between certain kinds of lifestyle and cancer.Thanks to the development of medical research,the death rate has decreased greatly. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个科学家和他们的成就。 1.D　细节理解题。根据Jöns Jacob Berzelius标题下的“Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry.”可知,他在电化学方面做出了重要贡献。 2.C　细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle标题下的“Robert Boyle,born in Ireland,was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry,known for Boyle’s law.”可知,罗伯特·波义耳出生在爱尔兰。 3.B　细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr标题下的“His model helped explain...developments in atomic physics.”和William Lawrence Bragg标题下的“This discovery revolutionized...various substances,including DNA and proteins.”可知,他们都对物理做出了贡献。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aarrav发明智能勺子的原因和过程。 4.D　推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him.”,第二段中“The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav,...to turn to robotics.”和最后一段中Aarrav回想他叔叔的话可知,Aarrav的发明能帮助帕金森氏症患者更独立地自己进食。 5.D　词句猜测题。由文章画线词后“the design based on the college’s feedback—that it needs to be...removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork”可知,Aarrav根据反馈对智能勺子进行调整,所以画线词的意思是“调整”。 6.A　推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“More than 7 million people in India are estimated to...and which mainly affects people over the age of 50.”可知,作者提到印度帕金森氏症的目的是展示Aarrav发明的前景。 7.B　推理判断题。由文章第二段和第五段可知,Aarrav有创新的头脑。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家对黄石国家公园火山是否会喷发的思维实验。 8.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So in 2017,NASA scientists ran a thought experiment to see if they could stop a future super-eruption.”可知,科学家研究的目的是寻找如何防止未来的火山喷发的方法。 9.A　词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Yellowstone and other national parks have long been protected from commercial energy development to ensure that these regions remain untouched.”可知,黄石公园和其他国家公园长期以来一直受到保护以免受到商业能源开发的影响,所以这个主意应该是被搁置,画线短语reached a standstill 的意思是“停滞不前”,与come to a temporary stop的意思相近。 10.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That is,until 1958,...The power plant destroyed all 70 of them,along with 240 hot springs.”可知,自从建立发电厂以来,怀拉基盆地的间歇泉完全消失了。 11.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even if a geothermal power plant did not destroy the region’s features...the plant would not go unnoticed in such an untouched area.”可推知,理查兹不赞成在那里建发电厂是因为这样会破坏公园原有的风景。 知识积累卡 一、1.出现　2.估计　3.志向　4.激发,激励,驱使　动力,积极性　5.使沮丧　懊恼,沮丧 二、1.疾病　状况　2.前进,进展,进行　进步 三、1.把……称为……　2.为……打下基础　3.为……铺平道路　4.想出,提出　5.一系列 四、1.随着病情的发展,进食会变得更加困难,迫使人们依赖他人的帮助。 2.如果火山爆发,那将是一场灾难。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $