Unit 1 Assessing Your Progress（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 分层递进式专项训练，覆盖基础词汇语法到高考语篇理解，强化语言能力与思维品质 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|短语翻译/语法填空|基础词汇短语与语法应用|从核心词汇（如“consist of”）到基础语法（非谓语、代词），构建语言知识基础| |B组能力进阶|完成句子/语法填空|语境化语言输出|在A组基础上，通过句子翻译整合词汇语法，提升语言表达准确性| |C组思维拔高|语法填空/阅读理解/七选五|语篇层面综合运用|结合科技话题语篇，考查语法（时态、非谓语）、逻辑推理与信息匹配，培养思维深度| |拓展链接高考|高考真题阅读|高考题型仿真训练|对接高考命题趋势，强化语篇分析与批判性思维，提升应试能力|

分层作业 Unit 1 Period 3 Assessing Your Progress 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.由……组成 __________ 2.写下；记下 __________ 3.归根结底；最重要的是 __________ 4.与……混合 __________ 5.从不同的方向 __________ 6.跳出固有思维模式 __________ 7.渴望；期待 __________ 8.提出（想法、计划）__________ 9.结果证明是 __________ 10.对……感到好奇 __________ 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 | brilliant | solid | microscope | finding | contradictory | gift | astronomer | theory | The scientist's main task is to discover how things work in the universe. But few scientists have placed themselves under the 1. __________. So even though the 2. __________ scientific method, which mainly includes hypotheses, data collection, and statistical analysis, is written down, the method by which scientists come to 3. __________ conclusions is hard to identify. Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. People who are curious usually have a mixture of seemingly 4. __________ desires: They are looking for originality and yet they also want everything in its proper place. To settle the conflict between statistics and 5. __________, scientists often have to be creative, and think outside the box—approach the problem from different directions. They must have a vivid imagination and a strong intuition in order for new 6. __________ to be made. It echoes something the 7. __________ Carl Sagan once said. He believes that every child "starts out as a scientist" and every child is 8. __________ with the "sense of wonder and awe". 三、单句语法填空。 1.The scientist's main task is __________ (discover) how things work in the universe. 2.Few scientists have placed __________ (they) under the microscope. 3.The solid scientific method is __________ (write) down in textbooks. 4.People who are curious usually have a __________ (mix) of seemingly contradictory desires. 5.Scientists have to be creative and think outside the box to settle the __________ (conflict) between statistics and theory. 6.They must have a vivid __________ (imagine) and a strong intuition. 7.New __________ (find) are made through creative thinking. 8.Carl Sagan believes that every child __________ (start) out as a scientist. 9.Every child is __________ (gift) with a sense of wonder and awe. 10.Science is simply what you __________ (can) do. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.科学家的主要任务是发现宇宙万物是如何运转的。 The scientist's main task is to discover __________ things __________ in the universe. 2.可靠的科学方法被写在教科书里。 The __________ scientific method is __________ down in textbooks. 3.好奇的人通常有着各种看似矛盾的渴望。 People who are __________ usually have a __________ of seemingly contradictory desires. 4.科学家必须要有生动的想象力和强大的直觉。 Scientists must have a vivid __________ and a strong __________. 5.卡尔·萨根认为每个孩子天生就是科学家。 Carl Sagan __________ that every child __________ out as a scientist. 五、语法填空 China has successfully tested the world’s largest and most powerful flying wind turbine (涡轮机), 1 (mark) a new step in clean energy development. The airship-like machine, named S1500, is about the size of a basketball court and as tall as a 13-storey building. Between September 19 and 21, it 2 (official) became the first of its kind to produce one megawatt (兆瓦) of power during a test flight in the desert of Xinjiang. The test included putting the parts together in the desert, checking pressure, launching and landing in strong winds day and night. All goals have been reached, and the success is 3 important step towards real use. Researchers 4 (carry) out more tests in different parts of China, with mass production planned for the future. The first turbines are expected 5 (come) into operation in the same time. 6 traditional wind turbines fixed on tall towers, flying wind turbines float in the sky with the help of helium-filled shells. Strong wire ropes carry the electricity back to the ground, 7 allows them to catch steadier winds at greater heights. According to the company, material use can 8 (reduce) by about 40 percent and power costs by 30 percent. The S1500, relying on high power generation 9 (efficient) and low construction costs, has reduced its LCOE to 0.35 yuan per kWh, which makes clean energy more affordable and 10 (access) to the public. 六、阅读理解 Brock Klamfoth, a student from Ohio University, is bringing animatronics to “life”. He is a fourth-year computer science major who works in a research role in the Russ College of Engineering and Technology making animatronics “both physically and digitally.” His passion is evident in two distinct projects. The first is a little robot parrot named Maxwell that “sings and dances for people”. More than just an entertaining project, Maxwell serves a key educational purpose. According to Klamfoth, Maxwell is mainly aimed at introducing people to robotics and provides an easy and relatively cheap way of learning about the animatronic/robot design and building process. His main focus now is his senior final project, a humanoid robot head named EVA．It is designed to “copy anything a human head can do”, he says. In its current form, it can move its head, imitate emotions and hold pre-written conversations, but Klamfoth and his team are already deep into the next phase: to use generative AI to allow for completely unplanned conversations, to enhance the eye-tracking so it can identify more than just colors and even to smooth out its jaw movement. To perfect the robot, the team is also building out a “digital twin”. This is a virtual version of the robot that will be connected in real time to the physical one, which makes sure both versions work in perfect harmony. This hands-on work is crucial for making complex concepts concrete. “Brock’s work brings robotics to life by turning engineering concepts into creative, engaging experiences,” says Kouree Chesser, a Lab and Student Experiences Coordinator who supervises Klamfoth. “His interactive and interdisciplinary approach helps students see how robotics and AI can be applied beyond factories — into classrooms, entertainment, and media — sparking curiosity and showing them that engineering can be both imaginative and impactful.” Klamfoth’s dream is to make science fiction a reality. He wants to create a more smooth and immersive way for people to interact with technology. “You know robots like C-3PO from Star Wars? When Luke walks up to and interacts with him, it’s just C-3PO. It’s no one else,” Klamfoth says of his inspiration. “I want to take that and try to make it happen in our real world.” 1．What is the main purpose of Maxwell? A．To entertain audiences. B．To show the fun of science. C．To reduce the cost of making robots. D．To provide opportunities to learn robotics. 2．Why did the team build a digital twin for EVA? A．To test new AI programs. B．To cut down on building costs. C．To copy human head movements exactly. D．To make both versions work well together. 3．What does Kouree Chesser say about Brock’s work? A．It improves factory equipment. B．It turns complicated ideas into reality. C．It focuses only on theoretical research. D．It makes engineering imaginative and impactful. 4．What does Klamfoth expect to do? A．Bring imagination to life. B．Apply his robots to more fields. C．Explore space with robots. D．Encourage people to be imaginative. 七、七选五 As cities continue to grow, finding enough space to grow food becomes an increasing challenge. Traditional farming requires large areas of land, which are limited in urban environments. 1 This approach involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers (垂直叠层), often integrated into buildings like high-rises and industrial buildings. The benefits of vertical farming are numerous. First, it dramatically reduces the distance food needs to travel from farm to table. 2 Such localization guarantees fresher produce while cutting down on transportation-related pollution. Additionally, vertical farms use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture because water is recycled within the system. 3 Since crops are grown indoors in controlled environments, there is no need for chemical pesticides (杀虫剂). This results in cleaner, healthier food and protects the surrounding ecosystem from harmful runoff. However, vertical farming also faces significant challenges. The initial cost of setting up a vertical farm is high, requiring investment in specialized lighting, climate control systems, and building modifications (改造). 4 For example, leafy greens and herbs grow well indoors, but it remains difficult to profitably grow crops like wheat or rice. Despite these challenges, many experts believe vertical farming will play an increasingly important role in our future food system. As technology continues to improve and costs gradually decrease, these urban farms are expected to become more common in cities around the world. 5 A．This method also has environmental advantages. B．After all, not all crops are suitable for this method. C．In some cities, residents have started rooftop gardens. D．Fortunately, an innovative farming method is emerging. E．Moreover, the range of crops that can be grown is currently limited. F．Imagine getting your salad from a farm just a few blocks from your home. G．In this way, we can create more sustainable cities for generations to come. （2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解） Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 1．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair. B．They’re conservative. C．They’re objective. D．They’re strict. 2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 3．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination against women. C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D．Changes in people’s social positions. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Period 3 Assessing Your Progress 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.由……组成 __________ 2.写下；记下 __________ 3.归根结底；最重要的是 __________ 4.与……混合 __________ 5.从不同的方向 __________ 6.跳出固有思维模式 __________ 7.渴望；期待 __________ 8.提出（想法、计划）__________ 9.结果证明是 __________ 10.对……感到好奇 __________ 【答案】1.consist of 2.write down 3.in the end / after all 4.mix with 5.from different directions 6.think outside the box 7.be eager to / look forward to 8.come up with 9.turn out to be 10.be curious about 【解析】 1.consist of — 表示"由……组成"，强调包含所有组成部分，相当于 be made up of。 2.write down — 意为"写下、记下"，课文中提到 scientific method "is written down"（被写下来）。 3.in the end / after all — 表示"最终、归根结底"。课文原句："Every child starts out as a scientist" 暗示最终每个人都拥有科学家的潜能。 4.mix with — 表示"与……混合"。课文中提到 curious people have "a mixture of seemingly contradictory desires"，意为"看似矛盾的各种渴望的混合"。 5.from different directions — 意为"从不同的方向"。课文中"approach the problem from different directions" 指从不同角度处理问题。 6.think outside the box — 固定短语，意为"跳出固有思维模式、创新思考"。课文原句。 7.be eager to / look forward to — "be eager to do" 意为"渴望做某事"；"look forward to" 意为"期待某事"。 8.come up with — 意为"想出、提出（主意、计划等）"。课文中的 "come up with new ideas"。 9.turn out to be — 意为"结果证明是、最终成为"。"turn out" 后接不定式或形容词。 10.be curious about — 意为"对……感到好奇"。curious 是课文重点词汇，指科学家需要具备的"好奇心"。 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 | brilliant | solid | microscope | finding | contradictory | gift | astronomer | theory | The scientist's main task is to discover how things work in the universe. But few scientists have placed themselves under the 1. __________. So even though the 2. __________ scientific method, which mainly includes hypotheses, data collection, and statistical analysis, is written down, the method by which scientists come to 3. __________ conclusions is hard to identify. Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity. People who are curious usually have a mixture of seemingly 4. __________ desires: They are looking for originality and yet they also want everything in its proper place. To settle the conflict between statistics and 5. __________, scientists often have to be creative, and think outside the box—approach the problem from different directions. They must have a vivid imagination and a strong intuition in order for new 6. __________ to be made. It echoes something the 7. __________ Carl Sagan once said. He believes that every child "starts out as a scientist" and every child is 8. __________ with the "sense of wonder and awe". 【答案】1.microscope 2.solid 3.solid 4.contradictory 5.theory 6.findings 7.astronomer 8.gifted 【解析】 1.microscope — "placed themselves under the microscope" 意为"将自己置于显微镜下（仔细审视自己）"。此处用比喻义，表示科学家很少审视自己的研究方法。 2.solid — "solid scientific method" 意为"可靠的、科学的、公认的科学方法"。solid 表示"可靠的、扎实的"。 3.solid — "come to solid conclusions" 意为"得出可靠的结论"。此处与前文呼应，强调结论的可靠性。 4.contradictory — "seemingly contradictory desires" 意为"看似矛盾的需求/愿望"。contradictory 是形容词，修饰 desires。curious people 既追求原创性又追求秩序感，两种需求看似矛盾。 5.theory — "conflict between statistics and theory" 意为"统计数据与理论之间的冲突"。科学家需要创造力来调和两者。 6.findings — "new findings" 意为"新的发现"。此处用复数形式表示多项研究发现。 7.astronomer — 需要表示职业的名词。Carl Sagan 是一位天文学家（astronomer）。 8.gifted — "be gifted with" 为固定搭配，意为"被赋予……的天赋"。此处用过去分词形式 gifted。 三、单句语法填空。 1.The scientist's main task is __________ (discover) how things work in the universe. 2.Few scientists have placed __________ (they) under the microscope. 3.The solid scientific method is __________ (write) down in textbooks. 4.People who are curious usually have a __________ (mix) of seemingly contradictory desires. 5.Scientists have to be creative and think outside the box to settle the __________ (conflict) between statistics and theory. 6.They must have a vivid __________ (imagine) and a strong intuition. 7.New __________ (find) are made through creative thinking. 8.Carl Sagan believes that every child __________ (start) out as a scientist. 9.Every child is __________ (gift) with a sense of wonder and awe. 10.Science is simply what you __________ (can) do. 【答案】1.to discover 2.themselves 3.written 4.mixture 5.conflict 6.imagination 7.findings 8.starts 9.gifted 10.can 【解析】 1.to discover — "one's task is to do" 为不定式作表语，表示"某人的任务是做某事"。不定式 to discover 作表语说明任务的具体内容。 2.themselves — "placed themselves under the microscope" 意为"将自己置于显微镜下"，主语与宾语指代一致，用反身代词 themselves。 3.written — "is written down" 为被动语态（一般现在时），意为"被写下"，用过去分词 written。write down 的过去分词为 written down。 4.mixture — 此处需要名词作 have 的宾语。mix 的名词形式为 mixture，意为"混合、混合物"。 5.conflict — 此处需要名词作 settle 的宾语。conflict 本身即可作名词，意为"冲突、矛盾"。 6.imagination — "vivid imagination" 意为"生动的想象力"。imagine 的名词形式为 imagination。 7.findings — 此处需要名词作主语。finding 作名词意为"发现"，常用复数形式 findings 表示"研究发现"。 8.starts — 一般现在时，主语 every child 为单数第三人称，谓语动词加 -s，用 starts。表示普遍真理，用一般现在时。 9.gifted — "be gifted with" 为固定搭配，意为"被赋予……的天赋"。用过去分词 gifted 作形容词，意为"有天赋的"。 10.can — "what you can do" 为表语从句中的谓语部分。can 为情态动词，后接动词原形，本身不变化。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.科学家的主要任务是发现宇宙万物是如何运转的。 The scientist's main task is to discover __________ things __________ in the universe. 2.可靠的科学方法被写在教科书里。 The __________ scientific method is __________ down in textbooks. 3.好奇的人通常有着各种看似矛盾的渴望。 People who are __________ usually have a __________ of seemingly contradictory desires. 4.科学家必须要有生动的想象力和强大的直觉。 Scientists must have a vivid __________ and a strong __________. 5.卡尔·萨根认为每个孩子天生就是科学家。 Carl Sagan __________ that every child __________ out as a scientist. 【答案】1.how, work 2.solid, written 3.curious, mixture 4.imagination, intuition 5.believes, starts 【解析】 1.how, work — "how things work" 为宾语从句，作 discover 的宾语。"work" 在此处意为"运转、运作"。"how" 引导宾语从句，表示方式。 2.solid, written — "solid scientific method" 意为"可靠的科学方法"；"is written down" 为被动语态，意为"被写下"。 3.curious, mixture — "curious" 是课文重点词汇，意为"好奇的"；"a mixture of" 意为"……的混合"，mix 的名词形式为 mixture。 4.imagination, intuition — "vivid imagination" 意为"生动的想象力"；"strong intuition" 意为"强大的直觉"。两者都是科学家必备的素质。 5.believes, starts — 一般现在时，主语 Carl Sagan 为单数第三人称，believes 加 -s；"starts out as" 为固定短语，意为"起初是、开始作为"。 五、语法填空 China has successfully tested the world’s largest and most powerful flying wind turbine (涡轮机), 1 (mark) a new step in clean energy development. The airship-like machine, named S1500, is about the size of a basketball court and as tall as a 13-storey building. Between September 19 and 21, it 2 (official) became the first of its kind to produce one megawatt (兆瓦) of power during a test flight in the desert of Xinjiang. The test included putting the parts together in the desert, checking pressure, launching and landing in strong winds day and night. All goals have been reached, and the success is 3 important step towards real use. Researchers 4 (carry) out more tests in different parts of China, with mass production planned for the future. The first turbines are expected 5 (come) into operation in the same time. 6 traditional wind turbines fixed on tall towers, flying wind turbines float in the sky with the help of helium-filled shells. Strong wire ropes carry the electricity back to the ground, 7 allows them to catch steadier winds at greater heights. According to the company, material use can 8 (reduce) by about 40 percent and power costs by 30 percent. The S1500, relying on high power generation 9 (efficient) and low construction costs, has reduced its LCOE to 0.35 yuan per kWh, which makes clean energy more affordable and 10 (access) to the public. 【答案】 1．marking 2．officially 3．an 4．will carry 5．to come 6．Unlike 7．which 8．be reduced 9．efficiency 10．accessible 【导语】主要介绍中国成功测试全球最大、性能最强的浮空风力涡轮机，介绍其测试情况、技术优势、节能成本优势及推广清洁能源的意义。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国成功测试了世界上最大、性能最强的浮空风力涡轮机，标志着清洁能源发展迈出了新的一步。此处为非谓语动词作状语，mark与前面整件事的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词marking作状语。 2．考查副词。句意：在9月19日至21日期间，它在新疆沙漠的一次试飞中正式成为同类设备中首个能够产生一兆瓦电力的设备。此处修饰动词became，需要副词作状语，official对应的副词officially，意为“正式地”。 3．考查冠词。句意：所有目标均已达成，此次成功是迈向实际应用的重要一步。step为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“重要的一步”，为泛指，且important是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 4．考查动词时态。句意：研究人员将在中国不同地区开展更多测试，并计划在未来实现量产。此处为谓语动词，根据后文planned for the future可知，动作发生在将来，要用一般将来时，所以谓语动词为will carry。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：首批涡轮机预计将同期投入使用。此处为固定搭配be expected to do sth.，意为“预计做某事”，所以用动词不定式to come。 6．考查介词。句意：不同于固定在高塔上的传统风力涡轮机，浮空风力涡轮机借助充氦气囊漂浮在空中。结合句意，此处表示“与……不同”，所以用介词unlike，位于句首，首字母大写。 7．考查定语从句。句意：坚固的钢丝绳将电力输送回地面，这使得它们能够在更高的高度捕获更稳定的风力。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前文整件事，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。 8．考查动词语态。句意：据该公司称，材料使用量可减少约百分之四十，电力成本可降低百分之三十。此空位于情态动词之后，主语material use与reduce之间为被动关系，所以此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，所以此处为be reduced。 9．考查名词。句意：S1500依靠高发电效率和低建造成本，将其平准化度电成本降至每千瓦时0.35元，这使得清洁能源更加实惠、更便于大众使用。空前形容词power generation修饰名词，此处需要名词，efficient对应的名词efficiency，意为“效率”。 10．考查形容词。句意同上。此处与形容词affordable并列作宾语补足语，需要形容词，access对应的形容词accessible，意为“可使用的”。 六、阅读理解 Brock Klamfoth, a student from Ohio University, is bringing animatronics to “life”. He is a fourth-year computer science major who works in a research role in the Russ College of Engineering and Technology making animatronics “both physically and digitally.” His passion is evident in two distinct projects. The first is a little robot parrot named Maxwell that “sings and dances for people”. More than just an entertaining project, Maxwell serves a key educational purpose. According to Klamfoth, Maxwell is mainly aimed at introducing people to robotics and provides an easy and relatively cheap way of learning about the animatronic/robot design and building process. His main focus now is his senior final project, a humanoid robot head named EVA．It is designed to “copy anything a human head can do”, he says. In its current form, it can move its head, imitate emotions and hold pre-written conversations, but Klamfoth and his team are already deep into the next phase: to use generative AI to allow for completely unplanned conversations, to enhance the eye-tracking so it can identify more than just colors and even to smooth out its jaw movement. To perfect the robot, the team is also building out a “digital twin”. This is a virtual version of the robot that will be connected in real time to the physical one, which makes sure both versions work in perfect harmony. This hands-on work is crucial for making complex concepts concrete. “Brock’s work brings robotics to life by turning engineering concepts into creative, engaging experiences,” says Kouree Chesser, a Lab and Student Experiences Coordinator who supervises Klamfoth. “His interactive and interdisciplinary approach helps students see how robotics and AI can be applied beyond factories — into classrooms, entertainment, and media — sparking curiosity and showing them that engineering can be both imaginative and impactful.” Klamfoth’s dream is to make science fiction a reality. He wants to create a more smooth and immersive way for people to interact with technology. “You know robots like C-3PO from Star Wars? When Luke walks up to and interacts with him, it’s just C-3PO. It’s no one else,” Klamfoth says of his inspiration. “I want to take that and try to make it happen in our real world.” 1．What is the main purpose of Maxwell? A．To entertain audiences. B．To show the fun of science. C．To reduce the cost of making robots. D．To provide opportunities to learn robotics. 2．Why did the team build a digital twin for EVA? A．To test new AI programs. B．To cut down on building costs. C．To copy human head movements exactly. D．To make both versions work well together. 3．What does Kouree Chesser say about Brock’s work? A．It improves factory equipment. B．It turns complicated ideas into reality. C．It focuses only on theoretical research. D．It makes engineering imaginative and impactful. 4．What does Klamfoth expect to do? A．Bring imagination to life. B．Apply his robots to more fields. C．Explore space with robots. D．Encourage people to be imaginative. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍俄亥俄大学学生布洛克研发两款动画机器人，介绍两款机器人功能、配套数字模型，引用导师评价，并讲述他想把科幻机器人场景变为现实的梦想。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“More than just an entertaining project, Maxwell serves a key educational purpose. According to Klamfoth, Maxwell is mainly aimed at introducing people to robotics and provides an easy and relatively cheap way of learning about the animatronic/robot design and building process.(马克斯韦尔不只是一个娱乐项目，它有着重要的教育意义。克拉姆福思称，马克斯韦尔主要用来向人们介绍机器人技术，提供一种简单且成本相对低廉的途径，学习动画机器人的设计与制作流程。)”可知，马克斯韦尔的主要用途是为人们提供学习机器人技术的机会。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To perfect the robot, the team is also building out a “digital twin”. This is a virtual version of the robot that will be connected in real time to the physical one, which makes sure both versions work in perfect harmony.(为完善这款机器人，团队还搭建了“数字孪生模型”。它是机器人的虚拟版本，可与实体机器人实时联动，确保两个版本完美协同运作。)”可知，搭建数字孪生模型是为了让虚拟与实体版本良好配合。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This hands-on work is crucial for making complex concepts concrete. “Brock’s work brings robotics to life by turning engineering concepts into creative, engaging experiences,” says Kouree Chesser, a Lab and Student Experiences Coordinator who supervises Klamfoth.(这种实操类工作能把抽象复杂的概念具象化，至关重要。负责指导克拉姆福思的实验室与学生体验协调员库里・切瑟表示：“布洛克通过将工程理论转化为富有创意、引人入胜的实践体验，让机器人技术变得生动鲜活。”)”可知，布洛克把复杂难懂的理论概念落地变成真实可体验的成果。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Klamfoth’s dream is to make science fiction a reality. He wants to create a more smooth and immersive way for people to interact with technology. “You know robots like C-3PO from Star Wars? When Luke walks up to and interacts with him, it’s just C-3PO. It’s no one else,” Klamfoth says of his inspiration. “I want to take that and try to make it happen in our real world.”(克拉姆福思的梦想是把科幻变为现实。他希望打造一套更流畅、沉浸式的人机交互方式。谈及自己的灵感来源，他说道：“你知道《星球大战》里C-3PO这类机器人吗？卢克走上前和它互动时，眼前只有C-3PO，没有其他多余的隔阂。我想以此为蓝本，在现实世界实现这样的人机交互。”)”可知，克拉姆福思期望将想象中的科幻事物变为现实，也就是把想象付诸现实。 七、七选五 As cities continue to grow, finding enough space to grow food becomes an increasing challenge. Traditional farming requires large areas of land, which are limited in urban environments. 1 This approach involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers (垂直叠层), often integrated into buildings like high-rises and industrial buildings. The benefits of vertical farming are numerous. First, it dramatically reduces the distance food needs to travel from farm to table. 2 Such localization guarantees fresher produce while cutting down on transportation-related pollution. Additionally, vertical farms use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture because water is recycled within the system. 3 Since crops are grown indoors in controlled environments, there is no need for chemical pesticides (杀虫剂). This results in cleaner, healthier food and protects the surrounding ecosystem from harmful runoff. However, vertical farming also faces significant challenges. The initial cost of setting up a vertical farm is high, requiring investment in specialized lighting, climate control systems, and building modifications (改造). 4 For example, leafy greens and herbs grow well indoors, but it remains difficult to profitably grow crops like wheat or rice. Despite these challenges, many experts believe vertical farming will play an increasingly important role in our future food system. As technology continues to improve and costs gradually decrease, these urban farms are expected to become more common in cities around the world. 5 A．This method also has environmental advantages. B．After all, not all crops are suitable for this method. C．In some cities, residents have started rooftop gardens. D．Fortunately, an innovative farming method is emerging. E．Moreover, the range of crops that can be grown is currently limited. F．Imagine getting your salad from a farm just a few blocks from your home. G．In this way, we can create more sustainable cities for generations to come. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．E 5．G 【导语】文章主要介绍了垂直农业这一新兴的城市农业模式，包括其产生背景、优势、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。 【详解】1．根据前文“Traditional farming requires large areas of land, which are limited in urban environments. (传统农业需要大面积的耕地，而城市环境中的土地资源有限。)”可知，传统农业在城市中面临土地不足的问题。D选项“Fortunately, an innovative farming method is emerging! (幸运的是，一种创新的农业方式正在出现！)”承接前文，表明一种新的农业方式出现了，接下来后文“This approach involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often integrated into buildings like high-rises and industrial buildings. (这种种植方式是在垂直堆叠的多层空间里种植农作物，通常还会和高层楼宇、工业建筑等建筑融为一体。)”进一步介绍了这种新的农业方法，且E选项中的“an innovative farming method”与后文的“This approach”形成指代关系，引出后文对垂直农业的具体介绍。 2．根据前文“First, it dramatically reduces the distance food needs to travel from farm to table. (首先，它极大地缩短了食物从农场到餐桌所需的运输距离。)”可知，垂直农业的第一个优势是缩短运输距离。F选项“Imagine getting your salad from a farm just a few blocks from your home. (想象一下，你的沙拉来自离家仅几个街区的农场。)”通过具体的生活场景形象地说明了食物产地离消费者很近，正是对前文“缩短运输距离”这一优势的例证。同时后文“Such localization guarantees fresher produce while cutting down on transportation-related pollution. (这种本地化保证了农产品更新鲜，同时减少了与运输相关的污染。)”中的“Such localization”也回指了F选项中描述的“离家几个街区”的情景。 3．空处应为本段主题句。前文“Additionally, vertical farms use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture because water is recycled within the system. (此外，垂直农场的用水量比传统农业少95%，因为水在系统内是循环利用的。)”已经提到了节水的优势。后文“Since crops are grown indoors in controlled environments, there is no need for chemical pesticides. (由于作物在受控的室内环境中生长，不需要使用化学杀虫剂。)”介绍垂直农业在环保方面的好处。A选项“This method also has environmental advantages. (这种方法还具有环保优势。)”中的“also”表明在前文节水优势基础上的补充，“environmental advantages”则准确概括后文所述的无农药、保护生态系统等内容，起到段落主题句的作用。 4．前文“The initial cost of setting up a vertical farm is high, requiring investment in specialized lighting, climate control systems, and building modifications (改造). (建设垂直农场的初期成本较高，需要投入资金购置专业照明设备、气候控制系统，并对建筑进行改造。)”表明垂直农业面临的第一个挑战是成本高。E选项“Moreover, the range of crops that can be grown is currently limited. (此外，目前可种植的作物范围是有限的。)”表明除成本高外，还有可种植的作物范围有限的挑战，是对前文的顺承。且后文“For example, leafy greens and herbs grow well indoors, but it remains difficult to profitably grow crops like wheat or rice. (例如，叶菜和香草类植物在室内生长良好，但种植小麦或水稻等作物仍然难以盈利。)”正是对E选项所述内容的举例说明，即E选项起到承上启下的作用。 5．前文“As technology continues to improve and costs gradually decrease, these urban farms are expected to become more common in cities around the world. (随着技术的不断进步和成本的逐渐降低，这些城市农场预计将在世界各地的城市中变得更加普遍。)”阐述了垂直农业未来将更加普及的发展趋势。G选项“In this way, we can create more sustainable cities for generations to come. (通过这种方式，我们可以为子孙后代创建更具可持续性的城市。)”中的“In this way”回指前文所述垂直农业发展的积极趋势，且该项中的“more sustainable cities”与全文第一句“As cities continue to grow, finding enough space to grow food becomes an increasing challenge. (随着城市不断扩张，寻找足够的粮食种植空间正成为日益严峻的挑战。)”中的“cities continue to grow”形成首尾呼应，并升华主题，适合作为全文的总结性语句。 （2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 1．What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A．They’re unfair. B．They’re conservative. C．They’re objective. D．They’re strict. 2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A．They think themselves smart. B．They look up to great thinkers. C．They see gender differences earlier than boys. D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 3．Why are more geniuses known to the public? A．Improved global communication. B．Less discrimination against women. C．Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D．Changes in people’s social positions. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝。)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动。)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现。)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才)”和最后一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.(我们看得越多，就越会发现，像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外表。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 1 Period 3 Assessing Your Language 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】1.consist of 2.write down 3.in the end / after all 4.mix with 5.from different directions 6.think outside the box 7.be eager to / look forward to 8.come up with 9.turn out to be 10.be curious about 【解析】 1.consist of — 表示"由……组成"，强调包含所有组成部分，相当于 be made up of。 2.write down — 意为"写下、记下"，课文中提到 scientific method "is written down"（被写下来）。 3.in the end / after all — 表示"最终、归根结底"。课文原句："Every child starts out as a scientist" 暗示最终每个人都拥有科学家的潜能。 4.mix with — 表示"与……混合"。课文中提到 curious people have "a mixture of seemingly contradictory desires"，意为"看似矛盾的各种渴望的混合"。 5.from different directions — 意为"从不同的方向"。课文中"approach the problem from different directions" 指从不同角度处理问题。 6.think outside the box — 固定短语，意为"跳出固有思维模式、创新思考"。课文原句。 7.be eager to / look forward to — "be eager to do" 意为"渴望做某事"；"look forward to" 意为"期待某事"。 8.come up with — 意为"想出、提出（主意、计划等）"。课文中的 "come up with new ideas"。 9.turn out to be — 意为"结果证明是、最终成为"。"turn out" 后接不定式或形容词。 10.be curious about — 意为"对……感到好奇"。curious 是课文重点词汇，指科学家需要具备的"好奇心"。 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 【答案】1.microscope 2.solid 3.solid 4.contradictory 5.theory 6.findings 7.astronomer 8.gifted 【解析】 1.microscope — "placed themselves under the microscope" 意为"将自己置于显微镜下（仔细审视自己）"。此处用比喻义，表示科学家很少审视自己的研究方法。 2.solid — "solid scientific method" 意为"可靠的、科学的、公认的科学方法"。solid 表示"可靠的、扎实的"。 3.solid — "come to solid conclusions" 意为"得出可靠的结论"。此处与前文呼应，强调结论的可靠性。 4.contradictory — "seemingly contradictory desires" 意为"看似矛盾的需求/愿望"。contradictory 是形容词，修饰 desires。curious people 既追求原创性又追求秩序感，两种需求看似矛盾。 5.theory — "conflict between statistics and theory" 意为"统计数据与理论之间的冲突"。科学家需要创造力来调和两者。 6.findings — "new findings" 意为"新的发现"。此处用复数形式表示多项研究发现。 7.astronomer — 需要表示职业的名词。Carl Sagan 是一位天文学家（astronomer）。 8.gifted — "be gifted with" 为固定搭配，意为"被赋予……的天赋"。此处用过去分词形式 gifted。 三、单句语法填空。 【答案】1.to discover 2.themselves 3.written 4.mixture 5.conflict 6.imagination 7.findings 8.starts 9.gifted 10.can 【解析】 1.to discover — "one's task is to do" 为不定式作表语，表示"某人的任务是做某事"。不定式 to discover 作表语说明任务的具体内容。 2.themselves — "placed themselves under the microscope" 意为"将自己置于显微镜下"，主语与宾语指代一致，用反身代词 themselves。 3.written — "is written down" 为被动语态（一般现在时），意为"被写下"，用过去分词 written。write down 的过去分词为 written down。 4.mixture — 此处需要名词作 have 的宾语。mix 的名词形式为 mixture，意为"混合、混合物"。 5.conflict — 此处需要名词作 settle 的宾语。conflict 本身即可作名词，意为"冲突、矛盾"。 6.imagination — "vivid imagination" 意为"生动的想象力"。imagine 的名词形式为 imagination。 7.findings — 此处需要名词作主语。finding 作名词意为"发现"，常用复数形式 findings 表示"研究发现"。 8.starts — 一般现在时，主语 every child 为单数第三人称，谓语动词加 -s，用 starts。表示普遍真理，用一般现在时。 9.gifted — "be gifted with" 为固定搭配，意为"被赋予……的天赋"。用过去分词 gifted 作形容词，意为"有天赋的"。 10.can — "what you can do" 为表语从句中的谓语部分。can 为情态动词，后接动词原形，本身不变化。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 【答案】1.how, work 2.solid, written 3.curious, mixture 4.imagination, intuition 5.believes, starts 【解析】 1.how, work — "how things work" 为宾语从句，作 discover 的宾语。"work" 在此处意为"运转、运作"。"how" 引导宾语从句，表示方式。 2.solid, written — "solid scientific method" 意为"可靠的科学方法"；"is written down" 为被动语态，意为"被写下"。 3.curious, mixture — "curious" 是课文重点词汇，意为"好奇的"；"a mixture of" 意为"……的混合"，mix 的名词形式为 mixture。 4.imagination, intuition — "vivid imagination" 意为"生动的想象力"；"strong intuition" 意为"强大的直觉"。两者都是科学家必备的素质。 5.believes, starts — 一般现在时，主语 Carl Sagan 为单数第三人称，believes 加 -s；"starts out as" 为固定短语，意为"起初是、开始作为"。 五、语法填空 【答案】 1．marking 2．officially 3．an 4．will carry 5．to come 6．Unlike 7．which 8．be reduced 9．efficiency 10．accessible 【导语】主要介绍中国成功测试全球最大、性能最强的浮空风力涡轮机，介绍其测试情况、技术优势、节能成本优势及推广清洁能源的意义。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国成功测试了世界上最大、性能最强的浮空风力涡轮机，标志着清洁能源发展迈出了新的一步。此处为非谓语动词作状语，mark与前面整件事的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词marking作状语。 2．考查副词。句意：在9月19日至21日期间，它在新疆沙漠的一次试飞中正式成为同类设备中首个能够产生一兆瓦电力的设备。此处修饰动词became，需要副词作状语，official对应的副词officially，意为“正式地”。 3．考查冠词。句意：所有目标均已达成，此次成功是迈向实际应用的重要一步。step为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“重要的一步”，为泛指，且important是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 4．考查动词时态。句意：研究人员将在中国不同地区开展更多测试，并计划在未来实现量产。此处为谓语动词，根据后文planned for the future可知，动作发生在将来，要用一般将来时，所以谓语动词为will carry。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：首批涡轮机预计将同期投入使用。此处为固定搭配be expected to do sth.，意为“预计做某事”，所以用动词不定式to come。 6．考查介词。句意：不同于固定在高塔上的传统风力涡轮机，浮空风力涡轮机借助充氦气囊漂浮在空中。结合句意，此处表示“与……不同”，所以用介词unlike，位于句首，首字母大写。 7．考查定语从句。句意：坚固的钢丝绳将电力输送回地面，这使得它们能够在更高的高度捕获更稳定的风力。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前文整件事，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。 8．考查动词语态。句意：据该公司称，材料使用量可减少约百分之四十，电力成本可降低百分之三十。此空位于情态动词之后，主语material use与reduce之间为被动关系，所以此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，所以此处为be reduced。 9．考查名词。句意：S1500依靠高发电效率和低建造成本，将其平准化度电成本降至每千瓦时0.35元，这使得清洁能源更加实惠、更便于大众使用。空前形容词power generation修饰名词，此处需要名词，efficient对应的名词efficiency，意为“效率”。 10．考查形容词。句意同上。此处与形容词affordable并列作宾语补足语，需要形容词，access对应的形容词accessible，意为“可使用的”。 六、阅读理解 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍俄亥俄大学学生布洛克研发两款动画机器人，介绍两款机器人功能、配套数字模型，引用导师评价，并讲述他想把科幻机器人场景变为现实的梦想。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“More than just an entertaining project, Maxwell serves a key educational purpose. According to Klamfoth, Maxwell is mainly aimed at introducing people to robotics and provides an easy and relatively cheap way of learning about the animatronic/robot design and building process.(马克斯韦尔不只是一个娱乐项目，它有着重要的教育意义。克拉姆福思称，马克斯韦尔主要用来向人们介绍机器人技术，提供一种简单且成本相对低廉的途径，学习动画机器人的设计与制作流程。)”可知，马克斯韦尔的主要用途是为人们提供学习机器人技术的机会。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To perfect the robot, the team is also building out a “digital twin”. This is a virtual version of the robot that will be connected in real time to the physical one, which makes sure both versions work in perfect harmony.(为完善这款机器人，团队还搭建了“数字孪生模型”。它是机器人的虚拟版本，可与实体机器人实时联动，确保两个版本完美协同运作。)”可知，搭建数字孪生模型是为了让虚拟与实体版本良好配合。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This hands-on work is crucial for making complex concepts concrete. “Brock’s work brings robotics to life by turning engineering concepts into creative, engaging experiences,” says Kouree Chesser, a Lab and Student Experiences Coordinator who supervises Klamfoth.(这种实操类工作能把抽象复杂的概念具象化，至关重要。负责指导克拉姆福思的实验室与学生体验协调员库里・切瑟表示：“布洛克通过将工程理论转化为富有创意、引人入胜的实践体验，让机器人技术变得生动鲜活。”)”可知，布洛克把复杂难懂的理论概念落地变成真实可体验的成果。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Klamfoth’s dream is to make science fiction a reality. He wants to create a more smooth and immersive way for people to interact with technology. “You know robots like C-3PO from Star Wars? When Luke walks up to and interacts with him, it’s just C-3PO. It’s no one else,” Klamfoth says of his inspiration. “I want to take that and try to make it happen in our real world.”(克拉姆福思的梦想是把科幻变为现实。他希望打造一套更流畅、沉浸式的人机交互方式。谈及自己的灵感来源，他说道：“你知道《星球大战》里C-3PO这类机器人吗？卢克走上前和它互动时，眼前只有C-3PO，没有其他多余的隔阂。我想以此为蓝本，在现实世界实现这样的人机交互。”)”可知，克拉姆福思期望将想象中的科幻事物变为现实，也就是把想象付诸现实。 七、七选五 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．E 5．G 【导语】文章主要介绍了垂直农业这一新兴的城市农业模式，包括其产生背景、优势、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。 【详解】1．根据前文“Traditional farming requires large areas of land, which are limited in urban environments. (传统农业需要大面积的耕地，而城市环境中的土地资源有限。)”可知，传统农业在城市中面临土地不足的问题。D选项“Fortunately, an innovative farming method is emerging! (幸运的是，一种创新的农业方式正在出现！)”承接前文，表明一种新的农业方式出现了，接下来后文“This approach involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often integrated into buildings like high-rises and industrial buildings. (这种种植方式是在垂直堆叠的多层空间里种植农作物，通常还会和高层楼宇、工业建筑等建筑融为一体。)”进一步介绍了这种新的农业方法，且E选项中的“an innovative farming method”与后文的“This approach”形成指代关系，引出后文对垂直农业的具体介绍。 2．根据前文“First, it dramatically reduces the distance food needs to travel from farm to table. (首先，它极大地缩短了食物从农场到餐桌所需的运输距离。)”可知，垂直农业的第一个优势是缩短运输距离。F选项“Imagine getting your salad from a farm just a few blocks from your home. (想象一下，你的沙拉来自离家仅几个街区的农场。)”通过具体的生活场景形象地说明了食物产地离消费者很近，正是对前文“缩短运输距离”这一优势的例证。同时后文“Such localization guarantees fresher produce while cutting down on transportation-related pollution. (这种本地化保证了农产品更新鲜，同时减少了与运输相关的污染。)”中的“Such localization”也回指了F选项中描述的“离家几个街区”的情景。 3．空处应为本段主题句。前文“Additionally, vertical farms use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture because water is recycled within the system. (此外，垂直农场的用水量比传统农业少95%，因为水在系统内是循环利用的。)”已经提到了节水的优势。后文“Since crops are grown indoors in controlled environments, there is no need for chemical pesticides. (由于作物在受控的室内环境中生长，不需要使用化学杀虫剂。)”介绍垂直农业在环保方面的好处。A选项“This method also has environmental advantages. (这种方法还具有环保优势。)”中的“also”表明在前文节水优势基础上的补充，“environmental advantages”则准确概括后文所述的无农药、保护生态系统等内容，起到段落主题句的作用。 4．前文“The initial cost of setting up a vertical farm is high, requiring investment in specialized lighting, climate control systems, and building modifications (改造). (建设垂直农场的初期成本较高，需要投入资金购置专业照明设备、气候控制系统，并对建筑进行改造。)”表明垂直农业面临的第一个挑战是成本高。E选项“Moreover, the range of crops that can be grown is currently limited. (此外，目前可种植的作物范围是有限的。)”表明除成本高外，还有可种植的作物范围有限的挑战，是对前文的顺承。且后文“For example, leafy greens and herbs grow well indoors, but it remains difficult to profitably grow crops like wheat or rice. (例如，叶菜和香草类植物在室内生长良好，但种植小麦或水稻等作物仍然难以盈利。)”正是对E选项所述内容的举例说明，即E选项起到承上启下的作用。 5．前文“As technology continues to improve and costs gradually decrease, these urban farms are expected to become more common in cities around the world. (随着技术的不断进步和成本的逐渐降低，这些城市农场预计将在世界各地的城市中变得更加普遍。)”阐述了垂直农业未来将更加普及的发展趋势。G选项“In this way, we can create more sustainable cities for generations to come. (通过这种方式，我们可以为子孙后代创建更具可持续性的城市。)”中的“In this way”回指前文所述垂直农业发展的积极趋势，且该项中的“more sustainable cities”与全文第一句“As cities continue to grow, finding enough space to grow food becomes an increasing challenge. (随着城市不断扩张，寻找足够的粮食种植空间正成为日益严峻的挑战。)”中的“cities continue to grow”形成首尾呼应，并升华主题，适合作为全文的总结性语句。 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝。)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动。)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现。)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?(谁是天才)”和最后一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.(我们看得越多，就越会发现，像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外表。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $