2027届高考一轮复习长难句练习-2025新高考II卷阅读长难句 讲义

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦新课标II卷阅读专项，覆盖应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四大必考文体，整合非谓语动词、定语从句等核心语法考点，按“拆解理解—句式变换—写作输出”逻辑组织内容，通过考情分析、长难句精讲、专项练习环节，帮助学生系统突破阅读难点。 资料突出三层递进训练设计，如长难句拆解先锁定主干再分析从句功能，句式仿写迁移阅读句式至写作，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置基础到提升分层练习，配合熟词生义讲解和写作迁移指导，助力学生高效提升阅读与写作能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

2025新课标II卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含原文完整翻译、逐篇长难句精讲（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、三层递进句式专项练习。 一、前置导学：2025新课标II卷阅读理解命题考情 1. 四篇标准体裁全覆盖：志愿活动应用文、人物叙事记叙文、媒介对比说明文、生物科研科普文，完全贴合新高考阅读四大必考文体； 2. 核心语法覆盖：非谓语动词、多种定语从句（限制性/非限制性）、让步/条件/目的状语从句、分词作状语、独立主格、with复合结构、宾语从句、同位语；本次配套习题全部替换句式，规避原卷同类考点重复； 3. 使用场景：高三一轮专项突破、课堂逐篇精讲、学生自主精读长难句；全部词汇均为高考3500核心词，无超纲生词； 4. 训练逻辑：拆解理解→句式变换→写作输出，三步打通阅读与读后续写、应用文写作壁垒。 5. 高考阅读长难句解题技巧总结 · 拆分步骤：先划去分词、介词短语、插入语，锁定主谓核心主干； · 状语区分：while/when后doing为省略主语时间状语；with复合结构表伴随背景； · 定语区分：doing表主动/进行；done表被动/完成；that/who/which修饰名词； · 名词性从句：what/all that作主语；that/if/whether作宾语； · 让步句式：no matter how = however；while/although/though均可表转折让步； · 写作迁移：所有拆解句式均可直接套用在读后续写、应用文提升文采。 二、四篇阅读长难句精讲 Passage A 应用文：English Market Towns to Visit in the UK 长难句1 原句：Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. 1. 主干：Each has a personality 2. 语法： ① shaped by the goods and services 过去分词后置定语，修饰personality，表被动； ② produced and traded 并列过去分词双后置定语，共同修饰goods and services； ③ for centuries 介词短语作时间状语，修饰produced and traded。 3. 词汇： ① personality n. 特色，独特气质 ② trade v. 交易，商贸往来 ③ for centuries 数百年来 翻译：每座小镇都有着独特气质，这种气质由数百年来当地生产、交易的商品与服务塑造而成。 长难句2 原句：Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a "must explore" medieval stronghold. 1. 主干：the Ludlow Castle is a medieval stronghold 2. 语法： ① Bordering the square 现在分词置于句首作伴随状语，逻辑主语为the Ludlow Castle； ② "must explore" 复合形容词前置修饰stronghold； ③ medieval 形容词前置定语修饰stronghold。 3. 词汇： ① border v. 毗邻，紧靠 ② medieval adj. 中世纪的 ③ stronghold n. 堡垒，据点 翻译：拉德洛城堡毗邻市集广场，是一处必打卡的中世纪堡垒。 长难句3 原句：The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. 1. 主干：The River Severn has a significant turn 2. 语法： ① through town 介词短语后置定语修饰turn； ② almost making an island of... 现在分词结果状语，表河流拐弯带来的结果； ③ make sth. of sth. 固定结构，“把……变成……”。 3. 词汇： ① significant adj. 大幅度的，显著的 ② turn n. 弯道，拐弯 ③ make an island of 把……围成孤岛 翻译：塞文河在镇内大幅蜿蜒，几乎把什鲁斯伯里镇中心围成一座孤岛。 长难句4 原句：【Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey】, you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. 1. 主干：you've probably seen it 2. 语法： ① Even if 引导让步状语从句，现在完成时否定； ② Mevagissey 同位语，解释the small fishing village； ③ in a movie or British TV show 并列介词短语作地点状语。 3. 词汇： ① fishing village 渔村 ② probably adv. 大概，很可能 ③ TV show 电视剧 翻译：即便你从未去过梅瓦吉西这座小渔村，你大概率也在电影或英剧里见过它。 Passage B 记叙文：医院学校教师Kathy Ho 长难句1 原句：People get in their minds an idea of 【what teachers do】, but that's not really 【what it is here.】 1. 主干：People get an idea, but that's not what it is 2. 语法： ① of what teachers do 介词+宾语从句后置修饰idea； ② but 并列连词连接两个分句； ③ what it is here 表语从句，作第二个分句is的表语。 3. 词汇： ① get sth. in one’s mind 在某人脑海中形成想法 ② idea n. 固有印象，认知 ③ really adv. 实际上 翻译：人们脑海里对教师的工作固有一套认知，但在这里，教师的工作完全不是那样。 长难句2 原句：Most of Ho's students will recover, 【which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care】. 1. 主干：Most of Ho's students will recover 2. 语法： ① which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话； ② that 引导宾语从句，作means的宾语； ③ preparing them to return to school 动名词短语作宾语从句主语。 3. 词汇： ① recover v. 康复，痊愈 ② increasingly adv. 越来越，日益 ③ component n. 组成部分 翻译：何老师的大部分学生都能康复，这意味着帮他们做好返校准备，是诊疗护理中愈发重要的一环。 长难句3 原句：【If you're scared about something and thinking only about that】, there's no way 【you're going to be able to learn】. 1. 主干：there's no way 2. 语法： ① If 引导条件状语从句，并列谓语are scared and (are) thinking； ② you're going to be able to learn 省略that的同位语从句，解释no way； ③ no way 固定表达：不可能，没办法。 3. 词汇： ① scared adj. 害怕的，担忧的 ② be able to 能够 ③ learn v. 学习，吸收知识 翻译：如果你一直害怕某件事，满脑子只想着它，你根本没办法学习。 Passage C 说明文：室内绿植对人的积极作用 长难句1 原句：【If you're among the groups of people】 【who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants】, don’t beat yourself up 【if one doesn’t make it】. 1. 主干：don’t beat yourself up（祈使句主句） 2. 语法： ① 句首If引导第一层条件状语从句； ② who引导限制性定语从句修饰people； ③ of surrounding yourself with plants 动名词短语作of宾语，后置修饰benefits； ④ 句尾第二个if引导第二层条件状语从句。 3. 词汇： ① mental and physical health 身心健康 ② beat oneself up 自责，苛责自己 ③ make it 存活，成活 翻译：如果你属于那些享受绿植带来身心益处的人，就算有一两株植物养死了，也不必苛责自己。 长难句2 原句：Our study showed 【that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people】 【who were in plant-filled offices】. 1. 主干：Our study showed sth. 2. 语法： ① that引导宾语从句作showed宾语； ② who引导定语从句修饰people； ③ plant-filled 复合形容词前置修饰offices； ④ in sick leave 介词短语后置修饰decrease。 3. 词汇： ① decrease n. 下降，减少 ② sick leave 病假 ③ plant-filled adj. 摆满植物的 翻译：我们的研究显示，在摆满绿植的办公室工作的员工，请病假的概率下降了30%。 Passage D 议论文：餐厅改造菜单解决食物浪费 长难句1 原句：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, 【where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time】. 1. 主干：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa 2. 语法： ① where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰地点South Africa； ② more of A than B 固定比较结构：与其说是B，不如说是A； ③ starving 现在分词后置定语修饰children。 3. 词汇： ① starve v. 挨饿，饥饿 ② reminder n. 提醒物，提示 ③ prayer n. 祷告，祈祷文 翻译：这种感受或许源于我在南非的成长经历，在那里，“非洲还有孩子挨饿”这句话，与其说是餐前祷告，不如说是令人难受的现实提醒。 长难句2 原句：A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined 【that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue, and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled】. 1. 主干：A study determined that... and only 15.7% is donated or recycled 2. 语法： ① by the Food Waste Alliance 介词短语后置定语修饰study； ② that引导超长宾语从句，内部由and并列两个分句； ③ of that waste 介词短语前置作定语，修饰15.7%； ④ generates、is donated or recycled 分别为主动、被动谓语。 3. 词汇： ① determine v. 测算，得出结论 ② generate v. 产生，生成 ③ revenue n. 营收，收入 翻译：食物浪费联盟的一项研究测算，餐厅每营收1000美元就会产生33磅厨余垃圾，其中仅有15.7%会被捐赠或回收利用。 长难句3 原句：All the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. 1. 主干：All the ingredients were examples of meat cuts and produce 2. 语法： ① used 过去分词后置定语修饰ingredients； ② that引导限制性定语从句修饰meat cuts and produce； ③ would never consider serving 固定搭配consider doing sth.。 3. 词汇： ① ingredient n. 食材，原料 ② meat cuts 分割肉，肉类边角料 ③ produce n. 农产品（不可数） 翻译：店里使用的所有食材，都是大多数餐厅绝不会拿来做菜的边角肉与农产品。 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1. What the documentary shows us is that the ancient villages which keep traditional handicrafts need more public support. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When travelers walk into the old town, they will find many handmade goods sold by local elderly craftsmen. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The belief that reading shapes our minds drives students who aim to broaden their horizons to stick to daily reading. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. No matter what difficulties we meet in study, we should hold on to the goals we set at the start of each term. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. While online courses bring convenient learning resources, they cannot replace face-to-face communication that teachers provide. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The scientist whom our class interviewed explained that green energy can solve most pollution that industrial development causes. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. People living beside wetlands will take part in protection activities whenever the local environmental group holds volunteer work. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. It remains unknown whether we can build enough parks where wild animals can live safely in the city center. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Anyone who respects natural balance will realize that every small action we take matters to the whole planet. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The policy that the government released last month helps families who plant native trees improve their living environment. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1. 模板：主句 + while doing A, doing B and doing C 中文：研学小组探访古镇时，一边记录传统习俗，拍摄古建筑，一边采访当地手艺人。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 模板：名词 + 过去分词后置定语，主句 中文：想要参加文化调研项目的学生需要提交一份导师签署的申请表。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 模板：no matter how + 形容词/副词，主句 中文：无论旅途多么漫长，文化爱好者都会奔赴各地探访历史遗迹。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 模板：名词 + 现在分词后置定语，主句 中文：致力于传承非遗技艺的匠人，能够让古老文化持续焕发活力。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 模板：What引导主语从句，主句 中文：能够抚慰人们心灵的艺术，同样可以拉近不同地域人群的距离。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 模板：主句 + 同位语从句（抽象名词+that从句） 中文：坚持终身学习这一理念，能够帮助年轻人不断突破自身局限。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 模板：While引导让步状语从句，主句+限制性定语从句 中文：虽然网络信息十分丰富，但无法替代书本带给我们的深度思考。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 模板：It作形式主语，whether引导主语从句，主句+where定语从句 中文：我们能否打造可供市民休闲阅读的城市书房，依旧有待探讨。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 模板：主句 + 宾语从句，从句内含省略关系词定语从句 中文：我们应当珍惜生活给予我们的每一次锻炼自我的机会。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 模板：先行词 + who引导定语从句，主句+that宾语从句 中文：尊重多元文化的人会明白，包容是文明交流不可或缺的品质。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. 原句：The volunteers who devote spare time to animal rescue carry out regular habitat surveys. 改写要求：who定语从句改为现在分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 原句：If people ignore the damage to wetlands, they will face serious ecological risks. 改写要求：If从句替换为 On ignoring… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 原句：When they collect folk stories from elders, young journalists record local cultural features. 改写要求：时间状语从句改为分词作状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 原句：Short videos shared online draw wide public attention, which encourages more people to learn about heritage protection. 改写要求：which从句拆分为独立简单句 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 原句：Having mastered basic observation skills, students can carry out independent field research. 改写要求：分词状语改为完整时间从句 After they have mastered… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 原句：Books introducing low-carbon lifestyles help citizens form eco-friendly daily habits. 改写要求：introducing分词改为定语从句 which introduce 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 原句：When they explore historical ruins, visitors should obey protection rules strictly. 改写要求：分词状语改为完整时间从句 When they explore… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 原句：Policies which were adopted by the local government greatly support the development of rural tourism. 改写要求：which were定语从句改为过去分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 原句：If teenagers keep reading every day, they can improve their logical thinking gradually. 改写要求：If从句替换为 Upon keeping… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 原句：Paintings created by young artists show unique regional scenery, which makes traditional culture more appealing. 改写要求：which从句拆分为独立简单句 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案 （长难句拆解） 1.主干：What the documentary shows us is that the ancient villages need more public support 语法：What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；which引导限制性定语从句（修饰villages） 翻译：这部纪录片向我们展示的是，保留传统手工艺的古村落需要更多社会支持。 2.主干：they will find many handmade goods 语法：When引导时间状语从句；sold为过去分词作后置定语（表被动） 翻译：当游客走进这座古镇，他们会看见许多由当地年长手艺人售卖的手工制品。 3.主干：The belief drives students to stick to daily reading 语法：that引导同位语从句（解释belief）；who引导限制性定语从句（修饰students） 翻译：阅读塑造思想这一信念，激励着想要拓宽眼界的学生坚持每日阅读。 4.主干：we should hold on to the goals 语法：No matter what引导让步状语从句；(that)省略关系代词引导定语从句（修饰goals） 翻译：无论我们在学习中遇到何种困难，都应当坚守每学期初定下的目标。 5.主干：they cannot replace face-to-face communication 语法：While引导让步状语从句；that引导限制性定语从句（修饰communication） 翻译：尽管线上课程带来便捷的学习资源，却无法替代老师提供的面对面交流。 6.主干：The scientist explained that green energy can solve most pollution 语法：whom引导限制性定语从句（修饰scientist）；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导限制性定语从句（修饰pollution） 翻译：我们班采访的这位科学家解释道，绿色能源能够解决工业发展带来的大部分污染问题。 7.主干：People will take part in protection activities 语法：living现在分词作后置定语；whenever引导时间状语从句 翻译：居住在湿地周边的居民，每当当地环保组织开展志愿活动时都会参与其中。 8.主干：It remains unknown 语法：It作形式主语，whether引导真正主语从句；where引导限制性定语从句（修饰parks） 翻译：我们能否在市中心建造足够多、可供野生动物安全栖息的公园，目前还尚无定论。 9.主干：Anyone will realize that every small action matters to the whole planet 语法：who引导限制性定语从句（修饰Anyone）；第一个that引导宾语从句；(that)省略关系代词引导定语从句（修饰action） 翻译：任何尊重自然平衡的人都会意识到，我们做出的每一个微小举动都关乎整个地球。 10.主干：The policy helps families improve their living environment 语法：第一个that引导限制性定语从句（修饰policy）；who引导限制性定语从句（修饰families） 翻译：政府上月出台的这项政策，助力种植本土树木的家庭改善居住环境。 （句型仿写） 1. 仿写：While visiting ancient towns, the study group will record traditional customs, photograph ancient buildings and interview local craftsmen. 2. 仿写：Students wanting to take part in the cultural research program need to hand in an application form signed by their tutors. 3. 仿写：No matter how long the journey turns out to be, culture lovers will travel to visit historical sites. 4. 仿写：Craftsmen devoting themselves to passing down intangible cultural heritage can keep ancient culture alive. 5. 仿写：What can comfort people’s souls is art, which can also connect people from different regions. 6. 仿写：The idea that we should keep lifelong learning helps young people break their limits constantly. 7. 仿写：While online information is abundant, it cannot take the place of deep thinking that books bring us. 8. 仿写：It remains to be discussed whether we can build urban study rooms where citizens can read and relax. 9. 仿写：We should value every chance life offers us that helps us improve ourselves. 10. 仿写：People who respect diverse cultures will understand that tolerance is a necessary quality for cultural communication. （长难句改写） 1. 改写：The volunteers devoting spare time to animal rescue carry out regular habitat surveys. 2. 改写：On ignoring the damage to wetlands, people will face serious ecological risks. 3. 改写：Collecting folk stories from elders, young journalists record local cultural features. 4. 改写：Short videos shared online draw wide public attention. This encourages more people to learn about heritage protection. 5. 改写：After they have mastered basic observation skills, students can carry out independent field research. 6. 改写：Books which introduce low-carbon lifestyles help citizens form eco-friendly daily habits. 7. 改写：When they explore historical ruins, visitors should obey protection rules strictly. 8. 改写：Policies adopted by the local government greatly support the development of rural tourism. 9. 改写：Upon keeping reading every day, teenagers can improve their logical thinking gradually. 10. 改写：Paintings created by young artists show unique regional scenery. This makes traditional culture more appealing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025新课标II卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含原文完整翻译、逐篇长难句精讲（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、三层递进句式专项练习。 一、前置导学：2025新课标II卷阅读理解命题考情 1. 四篇标准体裁全覆盖：志愿活动应用文、人物叙事记叙文、媒介对比说明文、生物科研科普文，完全贴合新高考阅读四大必考文体； 2. 核心语法覆盖：非谓语动词、多种定语从句（限制性/非限制性）、让步/条件/目的状语从句、分词作状语、独立主格、with复合结构、宾语从句、同位语；本次配套习题全部替换句式，规避原卷同类考点重复； 3. 使用场景：高三一轮专项突破、课堂逐篇精讲、学生自主精读长难句；全部词汇均为高考3500核心词，无超纲生词； 4. 训练逻辑：拆解理解→句式变换→写作输出，三步打通阅读与读后续写、应用文写作壁垒。 5. 高考阅读长难句解题技巧总结 · 拆分步骤：先划去分词、介词短语、插入语，锁定主谓核心主干； · 状语区分：while/when后doing为省略主语时间状语；with复合结构表伴随背景； · 定语区分：doing表主动/进行；done表被动/完成；that/who/which修饰名词； · 名词性从句：what/all that作主语；that/if/whether作宾语； · 让步句式：no matter how = however；while/although/though均可表转折让步； · 写作迁移：所有拆解句式均可直接套用在读后续写、应用文提升文采。 二、四篇阅读长难句精讲 Passage A 应用文：English Market Towns to Visit in the UK 长难句1 原句：Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. 1. 主干：Each has a personality 2. 语法： ① shaped by the goods and services 过去分词后置定语，修饰personality，表被动； ② produced and traded 并列过去分词双后置定语，共同修饰goods and services； ③ for centuries 介词短语作时间状语，修饰produced and traded。 3. 词汇： ① personality n. 特色，独特气质 ② trade v. 交易，商贸往来 ③ for centuries 数百年来 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a "must explore" medieval stronghold. 1. 主干：the Ludlow Castle is a medieval stronghold 2. 语法： ① Bordering the square 现在分词置于句首作伴随状语，逻辑主语为the Ludlow Castle； ② "must explore" 复合形容词前置修饰stronghold； ③ medieval 形容词前置定语修饰stronghold。 3. 词汇： ① border v. 毗邻，紧靠 ② medieval adj. 中世纪的 ③ stronghold n. 堡垒，据点 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 原句：The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. 1. 主干：The River Severn has a significant turn 2. 语法： ① through town 介词短语后置定语修饰turn； ② almost making an island of... 现在分词结果状语，表河流拐弯带来的结果； ③ make sth. of sth. 固定结构，“把……变成……”。 3. 词汇： ① significant adj. 大幅度的，显著的 ② turn n. 弯道，拐弯 ③ make an island of 把……围成孤岛 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 原句：【Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey】, you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. 1. 主干：you've probably seen it 2. 语法： ① Even if 引导让步状语从句，现在完成时否定； ② Mevagissey 同位语，解释the small fishing village； ③ in a movie or British TV show 并列介词短语作地点状语。 3. 词汇： ① fishing village 渔村 ② probably adv. 大概，很可能 ③ TV show 电视剧 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage B 记叙文：医院学校教师Kathy Ho 长难句1 原句：People get in their minds an idea of 【what teachers do】, but that's not really 【what it is here.】 1. 主干：People get an idea, but that's not what it is 2. 语法： ① of what teachers do 介词+宾语从句后置修饰idea； ② but 并列连词连接两个分句； ③ what it is here 表语从句，作第二个分句is的表语。 3. 词汇： ① get sth. in one’s mind 在某人脑海中形成想法 ② idea n. 固有印象，认知 ③ really adv. 实际上 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：Most of Ho's students will recover, 【which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care】. 1. 主干：Most of Ho's students will recover 2. 语法： ① which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话； ② that 引导宾语从句，作means的宾语； ③ preparing them to return to school 动名词短语作宾语从句主语。 3. 词汇： ① recover v. 康复，痊愈 ② increasingly adv. 越来越，日益 ③ component n. 组成部分 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 原句：【If you're scared about something and thinking only about that】, there's no way 【you're going to be able to learn】. 1. 主干：there's no way 2. 语法： ① If 引导条件状语从句，并列谓语are scared and (are) thinking； ② you're going to be able to learn 省略that的同位语从句，解释no way； ③ no way 固定表达：不可能，没办法。 3. 词汇： ① scared adj. 害怕的，担忧的 ② be able to 能够 ③ learn v. 学习，吸收知识 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage C 说明文：室内绿植对人的积极作用 长难句1 原句：【If you're among the groups of people】 【who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants】, don’t beat yourself up 【if one doesn’t make it】. 1. 主干：don’t beat yourself up（祈使句主句） 2. 语法： ① 句首If引导第一层条件状语从句； ② who引导限制性定语从句修饰people； ③ of surrounding yourself with plants 动名词短语作of宾语，后置修饰benefits； ④ 句尾第二个if引导第二层条件状语从句。 3. 词汇： ① mental and physical health 身心健康 ② beat oneself up 自责，苛责自己 ③ make it 存活，成活 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：Our study showed 【that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people】 【who were in plant-filled offices】. 1. 主干：Our study showed sth. 2. 语法： ① that引导宾语从句作showed宾语； ② who引导定语从句修饰people； ③ plant-filled 复合形容词前置修饰offices； ④ in sick leave 介词短语后置修饰decrease。 3. 词汇： ① decrease n. 下降，减少 ② sick leave 病假 ③ plant-filled adj. 摆满植物的 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage D 议论文：餐厅改造菜单解决食物浪费 长难句1 原句：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, 【where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time】. 1. 主干：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa 2. 语法： ① where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰地点South Africa； ② more of A than B 固定比较结构：与其说是B，不如说是A； ③ starving 现在分词后置定语修饰children。 3. 词汇： ① starve v. 挨饿，饥饿 ② reminder n. 提醒物，提示 ③ prayer n. 祷告，祈祷文 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined 【that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue, and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled】. 1. 主干：A study determined that... and only 15.7% is donated or recycled 2. 语法： ① by the Food Waste Alliance 介词短语后置定语修饰study； ② that引导超长宾语从句，内部由and并列两个分句； ③ of that waste 介词短语前置作定语，修饰15.7%； ④ generates、is donated or recycled 分别为主动、被动谓语。 3. 词汇： ① determine v. 测算，得出结论 ② generate v. 产生，生成 ③ revenue n. 营收，收入 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 原句：All the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. 1. 主干：All the ingredients were examples of meat cuts and produce 2. 语法： ① used 过去分词后置定语修饰ingredients； ② that引导限制性定语从句修饰meat cuts and produce； ③ would never consider serving 固定搭配consider doing sth.。 3. 词汇： ① ingredient n. 食材，原料 ② meat cuts 分割肉，肉类边角料 ③ produce n. 农产品（不可数） 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1. What the documentary shows us is that the ancient villages which keep traditional handicrafts need more public support. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When travelers walk into the old town, they will find many handmade goods sold by local elderly craftsmen. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The belief that reading shapes our minds drives students who aim to broaden their horizons to stick to daily reading. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. No matter what difficulties we meet in study, we should hold on to the goals we set at the start of each term. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. While online courses bring convenient learning resources, they cannot replace face-to-face communication that teachers provide. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The scientist whom our class interviewed explained that green energy can solve most pollution that industrial development causes. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. People living beside wetlands will take part in protection activities whenever the local environmental group holds volunteer work. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. It remains unknown whether we can build enough parks where wild animals can live safely in the city center. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Anyone who respects natural balance will realize that every small action we take matters to the whole planet. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The policy that the government released last month helps families who plant native trees improve their living environment. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1. 模板：主句 + while doing A, doing B and doing C 中文：研学小组探访古镇时，一边记录传统习俗，拍摄古建筑，一边采访当地手艺人。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 模板：名词 + 过去分词后置定语，主句 中文：想要参加文化调研项目的学生需要提交一份导师签署的申请表。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 模板：no matter how + 形容词/副词，主句 中文：无论旅途多么漫长，文化爱好者都会奔赴各地探访历史遗迹。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 模板：名词 + 现在分词后置定语，主句 中文：致力于传承非遗技艺的匠人，能够让古老文化持续焕发活力。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 模板：What引导主语从句，主句 中文：能够抚慰人们心灵的艺术，同样可以拉近不同地域人群的距离。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 模板：主句 + 同位语从句（抽象名词+that从句） 中文：坚持终身学习这一理念，能够帮助年轻人不断突破自身局限。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 模板：While引导让步状语从句，主句+限制性定语从句 中文：虽然网络信息十分丰富，但无法替代书本带给我们的深度思考。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 模板：It作形式主语，whether引导主语从句，主句+where定语从句 中文：我们能否打造可供市民休闲阅读的城市书房，依旧有待探讨。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 模板：主句 + 宾语从句，从句内含省略关系词定语从句 中文：我们应当珍惜生活给予我们的每一次锻炼自我的机会。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 模板：先行词 + who引导定语从句，主句+that宾语从句 中文：尊重多元文化的人会明白，包容是文明交流不可或缺的品质。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. 原句：The volunteers who devote spare time to animal rescue carry out regular habitat surveys. 改写要求：who定语从句改为现在分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 原句：If people ignore the damage to wetlands, they will face serious ecological risks. 改写要求：If从句替换为 On ignoring… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 原句：When they collect folk stories from elders, young journalists record local cultural features. 改写要求：时间状语从句改为分词作状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 原句：Short videos shared online draw wide public attention, which encourages more people to learn about heritage protection. 改写要求：which从句拆分为独立简单句 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 原句：Having mastered basic observation skills, students can carry out independent field research. 改写要求：分词状语改为完整时间从句 After they have mastered… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 原句：Books introducing low-carbon lifestyles help citizens form eco-friendly daily habits. 改写要求：introducing分词改为定语从句 which introduce 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 原句：When they explore historical ruins, visitors should obey protection rules strictly. 改写要求：分词状语改为完整时间从句 When they explore… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 原句：Policies which were adopted by the local government greatly support the development of rural tourism. 改写要求：which were定语从句改为过去分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 原句：If teenagers keep reading every day, they can improve their logical thinking gradually. 改写要求：If从句替换为 Upon keeping… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 原句：Paintings created by young artists show unique regional scenery, which makes traditional culture more appealing. 改写要求：which从句拆分为独立简单句 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025新课标川卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含原文完整翻译、逐篇长难句精讲（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作 迁移)、三层递进句式专项练习。 一、前置导学：2025新课标川卷阅读理解命题考情 1.四篇标准体裁全覆盖：志愿活动应用文、人物叙事记叙文、媒介对比说明文、生物科研科普文，完全贴 合新高考阅读四大必考文体； 2.核心语法覆盖：非谓语动词、多种定语从句（限制性/非限制性）、让步/条件/目的状语从句、分词作状 语、独立主格、wth复合结构、宾语从句、同位语；本次配套习题全部替换句式，规避原卷同类考点重复； 3.使用场景：高三一轮专项突破、课堂逐篇精讲、学生自主精读长难句；全部词汇均为高考3500核心词， 无超纲生词； 4.训练逻辑：拆解理解→句式变换→写作输出，三步打通阅读与读后续写、应用文写作壁垒。 5.高考阅读长难句解题技巧总结 拆分步骤：先划去分词、介词短语、插入语，锁定主谓核心主干； ↓状语区分：while/when后doing为省略主语时间状语；with复合结构表伴随背景； ↓定语区分：doing表主动/进行；done表被动/完成；that/who/which修饰名词； 名词性从句：what/all that作主语；that/if/whether作宾语； 让步句式：no matter how=however;while/although/though均可表转折让步； 写作迁移：所有拆解句式均可直接套用在读后续写、应用文提升文采。 二、四篇阅读长难句精讲 Passage A应用文：English Market Towns to Visit in the UK 长难句1 Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. 1.主千：Each has a personality 2.语法： ①shaped by the goods and services过去分词后置定语，修饰personality,表被动； ②produced and traded并列过去分词双后置定语，共同修饰goods and services; ③for centuries介词短语作时间状语，修饰produced and traded。 3.词汇： ①personality n.特色，独特气质 ②trade v.交易，商贸往来 ③for centuries数百年来 翻译： 长难句2 Bordering the square,the Ludlow Castle is a"must explore"medieval stronghold. 1.主干：the Ludlow Castle is a medieval stronghold 2.语法： ①Bordering the square现在分词置于句首作伴随状语，逻辑主语为the Ludlow Castle; ②"must explore'"复合形容词前置修饰stronghold; ③medieval形容词前置定语修饰stronghold。 3.词汇： ①border v.毗邻，紧靠 ②medieval adj..中世纪的 ③stronghold n.堡垒，据点 翻译： 长难句3 The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. 1.主干：The River Severn has a significant turn 2.语法： ①through town介词短语后置定语修饰turn; ②almost making an island of..现在分词结果状语，表河流拐弯带来的结果； ③make sth.of sth.固定结构，“把变成”。 3.词汇 ①significant ad.大幅度的，显著的 ②turn n.弯道，拐弯 ③make an island of把.围成孤岛 翻译： 长难句4 原句：【Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey】,you've probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. 1.主干：you've probably seen it 2.语法： ①Even if引导让步状语从句，现在完成时否定； ②Mevagissey同位语，解释the small fishing village; ③in a movie or British TV show并列介词短语作地点状语。 3.词汇： ①fishing village渔村 ②probably adv.大概，很可能 ③TV show电视剧 翻译： Passage B记叙文：医院学校教师Kathy Ho 长难句1 原句：People get in their minds an idea of【what teachers do】,but that's not really【what it is here.】 1.主干：People get an idea,but that's not what it is 2.语法： ①of what teachers do介词+宾语从句后置修饰idea; ②but并列连词连接两个分句； ③what it is here表语从句，作第二个分句is的表语。 3.词汇： ①get sth.in one's mind在某人脑海中形成想法 ②idea n.固有印象，认知 ③really adv.实际上 翻译： 长难句2 原句：Most of Ho's students will recover,【which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care). 1.主干：Most of Ho's students will recover 2.语法： ①which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话； ②that引导宾语从句，作means的宾语； ③preparing them to return to school动名词短语作宾语从句主语。 3.词汇 ①recover v.康复，痊愈 ②increasingly adv..越来越，日益 ③component n.组成部分 翻译： 长难句3 原句：【If you're scared about something and thinking only about that】,there's no way【you're going to be able to learn]. 1.主千：there's no way 2.语法： ①lf引l导条件状语从句，并列谓语are scared and(are)thinking; ②you're going to be able to learn省略that的同位语从句，解释no way; ③no way固定表达：不可能，没办法。 3.词汇： ①scared ad.害怕的，担忧的 ②be able to能够 ③learn v.学习，吸收知识 翻译： Passage C说明文：室内绿植对人的积极作用 长难句1 原句：【If you're among the groups of people】【who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants],don't beat yourself up [if one doesn't make it ] 1.主干：don't beat yourself up(祈使句主句) 2.语法： ①句首f引导第一层条件状语从句； ②who引导限制性定语从句修饰people; ③of surrounding yourself with plants动名词短语作of宾语，后置修饰benefits; ④句尾第二个f引导第二层条件状语从句。 3.词汇： ①mental and physical health身心健康 ②beat oneself up自责，苛责自己 ③make it存活，成活 翻译： 长难句2 原句：Our study showed【that there was a3O%decrease in sick leave for people】【who were in plant-filled offices). 1.主干：Our study showed sth 2.语法： ①that引导宾语从句作showed宾语； ②who引导定语从句修饰people; ③plant-filled复合形容词前置修饰offices; ④in sick leave介词短语后置修饰decrease。. 3.词汇： ①decrease n.下降，减少 ②sick leave病假 ③plant--filled adj.摆满植物的 翻译： Passage D议论文：餐厅改造菜单解决食物浪费 长难句1 原句：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa,【where the phrase"there are children starving in Africa"was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time】 1.主干：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa 2.语法： ①where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰地点South Africa; ②more of A than B固定比较结构：与其说是B,不如说是A; ③starving现在分词后置定语修饰children。. 3.词汇： ①starve v.挨饿，饥饿 ②reminder n.提醒物，提示 ③prayer n.祷告，祈祷文 翻译： 长难句2 原句：A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined【that the average restaurant generates33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue,and of that waste only 15.7%is donated or recycled】. 1.:A study determined that...and only 15.7%is donated or recycled 2.语法： ①by the Food Waste Alliance介词短语后置定语修饰study; ②that引导超长宾语从句，内部由and并列两个分句： ③of that waste介词短语前置作定语，修饰15.7%； ④generates、.is donated or recycled分别为主动、被动谓语。 3.词汇： ①determine v.测算，得出结论 ②generate v.产生，生成 ③revenue n.营收，收入 翻译： 长难句3 All the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. 1.主干：All the ingredients were examples of meat cuts and produce 2.语法： ①used过去分词后置定语修饰ingredients; ②that引导限制性定语从句修饰meat cuts and produce; ③would never consider serving固定搭配consider doing sth.。 3.词汇： ①ingredient n.食材，原料 ②meat cuts分割肉，肉类边角料 ③produce n.农产品（不可数） 翻译： 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1.What the documentary shows us is that the ancient villages which keep traditional handicrafts need more public support. 主干 语法： 翻译： 2.When travelers walk into the old town,they will find many handmade goods sold by local elderly craftsmen. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 3.The belief that reading shapes our minds drives students who aim to broaden their horizons to stick to daily reading. 主干 语法： 翻译： 4.No matter what difficulties we meet in study,we should hold on to the goals we set at the start of each term. 主干： 语法： 翻译 5.While online courses bring convenient learning resources,they cannot replace face-to-face communication that teachers provide 主干： 语法： 翻译： 6.The scientist whom our class interviewed explained that green energy can solve most pollution that industrial development causes. 主千： 语法： 翻译： 7.People living beside wetlands will take part in protection activities whenever the local environmental group holds volunteer work. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 8.It remains unknown whether we can build enough parks where wild animals can live safely in the city center. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 9.Anyone who respects natural balance will realize that every small action we take matters to the whole planet. 主干： 语法： 翻译 10.The policy that the government released last month helps families who plant native trees improve their living environment. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1.模板：主句+while doing A,doing B and doing C 中文：研学小组探访古镇时，一边记录传统习俗，拍摄古建筑，一边采访当地手艺人。 仿写： 2.模板：名词+过去分词后置定语，主句 中文：想要参加文化调研项目的学生需要提交一份导师签署的申请表。 仿写： 3.模板：no matter how+形容词副词，主句 中文：无论旅途多么漫长，文化爱好者都会奔赴各地探访历史遗迹。 仿写： 4.模板：名词+现在分词后置定语，主句 中文：致力于传承非遗技艺的匠人，能够让古老文化持续焕发活力。 仿写： 5.模板：What引导主语从句，主句 中文：能够抚慰人们心灵的艺术，同样可以拉近不同地域人群的距离。 仿写： 6.模板：主句+同位语从句（抽象名词+that从句）】 中文：坚持终身学习这一理念，能够帮助年轻人不断突破自身局限。 仿写： 7.模板：While引导让步状语从句，主句+限制性定语从句 中文：虽然网络信息十分丰富，但无法替代书本带给我们的深度思考。 仿写： 8.模板：It作形试主语，whether引导主语从句，主句+where定语从句 中文：我们能否打造可供市民休闲阅读的城市书房，依旧有待探讨。 仿写： 9.模板：主句+宾语从句，从句内含省略关系词定语从句 中文：我们应当珍惜生活给予我们的每一次锻炼自我的机会。 仿写： 10.模板：先行词+who引导定语从句，主句+that宾语从句 中文：尊重多元文化的人会明白，包容是文明交流不可或缺的品质。 仿写 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1.:The volunteers who devote spare time to animal rescue carry out regular habitat surveys. 改写要求：who定语从句改为现在分词后置定语 改写： 2.:If people ignore the damage to wetlands,they will face serious ecological risks. 改写要求：f从句替换为On ignoring. 改写： 3.:When they collect folk stories from elders,young jouralists record local cultural features. 改写要求：时间状语从句改为分词作状语 改写： 4.:Short videos shared online draw wide public attention,which encourages more people to learn about heritage protection. 改写要求：which从句拆分为独立简单句 改写： 5.:Having mastered basic observation skills,students can carry out independent field research. 改写要求：分词状语改为完整时间从句After they have mastered. 改写： 6.:Books introducing low-carbon lifestyles help citizens form eco-friendly daily habits. 改写要求：introducing分词改为定语从句which introduce 改写： 7.:When they explore historical ruins,visitors should obey protection rules strictly. 改写要求：分词状语改为完整时间从句When they explore. 改写： 8.:Policies which were adopted by the local government greatly support the development of rural tourism. 改写要求：which were定语从句改为过去分词后置定语 改写： 9.:If teenagers keep reading every day,they can improve their logical thinking gradually 改写要求：f从句替换为Upon keeping 改写： 10.:Paintings created by young artists show unique regional scenery,which makes traditional culture more appealing. 改写要求：which从句拆分为独立简单句 改写：