Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单围绕Unit 5 First Aid主题，系统梳理急救相关词汇、句式及易错点。从基础词汇（含25个重点单词、8类变形及18个必备词块）到核心词汇（如minor、swollen等用法及搭配），再到经典句式（as定语从句、if省略结构等），最后到词汇易混辨析和句型易错点，形成递进式学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇—句式—应用”逻辑展开，核心词汇结合原文语境解析，经典句式配即学即练。通过词汇易混辨析（如underneath/under）和句型易错点分析，培养学生思维品质，即学即练强化语言应用，有效提升语言能力和学习效率。

Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking It’s a great honour to save a life. —Leigh Bardugo 译文：能够挽救一个人的生命，是无上的荣耀。 解读：这句话表达的是对生命价值的高度尊重与敬畏。它并不仅仅是在说“救人”这一行为本身值得赞扬，更强调当一个人有机会挽救另一个人的生命时，所承担的是一种珍贵而神圣的责任。生命无法用金钱或成就衡量，因此能够让一个生命得以延续，是一种超越个人利益的善举，也是一份值得感恩和自豪的荣誉。这里的“honour”不只是“荣耀”，更包含谦逊、责任与使命感，体现了人道主义精神中对生命的珍视。 一、重点单词 1. adj. 基本的；必不可少的 2. n. (人或动植物的)器官 3. n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) 4. n. 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 5. n. 辐射；放射线 6. n. 酸adj. 酸的；酸性的 7. n. 化学制品，化学品　adj.化学的；化学作用的 8. n．深度 9. n. 毫米；千分之一米 10. adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 11. n．事件，事故；插曲 12. n. 层；表层；层次 13. n. 液体 14. adj. 电的；用电的；电动的 15. adj. 严重的；严厉的；艰难的；苛刻的 16. n. 受害者；患者 17. adj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 18. n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 19. adj. 水的；似水的；含水的；水分很多的 20. prep.& adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面 21. n.神经 22. n. 过程 23. v. 减少；蒸发；节食 24. n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 25. adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的 26. vt.& vi. 申请；涂；敷；应用 27. adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的 二、重点单词变形 1. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ n．少数；少数派；少数人 2. electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→ n．电→ adj.电的；用电的；发电的→ adj.电子的 3. swell vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀；肿胀→ adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 4. nerve n．神经→ adj.紧张的 5. loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ v．(使)放松；变松；解开→ adv. 松散地；不严格地；大致地→ n. 松散；宽松 6. urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ v．敦促；催促；力劝→ n．紧迫；急迫→ adv. 紧急地；急迫地 7. ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在→ adj.容易的；简单的→ adv.容易地 8. organ n. 器官→ adj. 有机的 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 充当 2. 阻止……做某事 3. 触觉 4. 被晒伤/烧伤 5. 导致，造成；通向 6. 实施急救 7. 各种各样的 8. 分成…… 9. 依靠；依赖 10. 在……的深处 11. 触电；电击 12. ……的边缘 13. 在……过程中 14. 减少到 15. 沦为；转化为 16. 粘在……上 17. (因疾病、痛苦等)受苦 18. 把……涂到……；把……应用于…… 四、核心词汇 1. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 原文：Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤或烫伤。 反义词：major adj. 主要的；重要的 词形变化：minority n. 少数；少数民族 常见搭配：minor damage 轻微损害 minor details 次要细节 minor mistakes/errors 小错误 a/the minority of 少数的 be in the/a minority 占少数 拓展：the minority单独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 The minority is often ignored in decision-making.（强调少数群体整体） The minority are divided in their opinions.（强调少数群体中的成员） 例句：Minor mistakes can become valuable lessons if we learn from them instead of ignoring their hidden meanings. 小错误如果被我们吸取教训，就能成为宝贵的经验，而不是被忽视的隐藏意义。 【即学即练】 1. People who support this opinion are the minority, but their voices still deserve attention. 2. The (minor) of students in our class prefer studying in the morning because they believe it is more efficient. 3. 少数人认为这个问题不重要，但他们的观点仍然值得认真考虑。 4. 这场事故只造成了轻微损害，因此没有人受到严重伤害。 5. 那些持不同意见的人虽然占少数，但他们的想法可能带来新的视角。 2. swollen adj. (身体部位) 肿起的；肿胀的 原文：dry, red, and mildly swollen. 干燥、发红、微肿 词形变化：swollen adj. 肿胀的；膨胀的（swell 的过去分词形式，最常用） 常见搭配：be swollen with pain 因疼痛而肿胀 swell up 肿起来；突然增加 swollen eyes 肿胀的眼睛 swollen lips 肿胀的嘴唇 swollen ankles 肿胀的脚踝 swollen joints 肿胀的关节 swollen face 肿胀的脸 例句：A swollen heart full of anger hurts itself first, while kindness brings true peace and healing. 一个充满愤怒而膨胀的心首先伤害自己，而善良带来真正的平静与治愈。 【即学即练】 1. She walked into the classroom with (swell) eyes because she had stayed up late studying. 2. His injured knee was swollen pain after he fell during the football match. 3. Her eyes began to swell after she cried for a long time. 4. 那位老人去看医生，因为肿胀的关节使他行动困难。 5. 他膨胀的自尊心使他无法接受别人的建议。 6. 快速增长的人口给住房和公共服务带来了巨大压力。 3. underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面 原文：...the tissue underneath can often be seen ……通常可见皮下组织 常见搭配：underneath the surface 在表面之下；隐藏在表象之下 hidden underneath 隐藏在……下面 拓展：区分underneath、under、below、beneath的介词用法（见词汇易混辨析） 例句：True wisdom often lies underneath ordinary moments, waiting for those who observe carefully and think deeply. 真正的智慧常隐藏在平凡时刻之下，等待那些善于观察和深入思考的人发现。 【即学即练】 1. 选词填空 (underneath/ under/ beneath/ below) ① The temperature dropped zero last night, causing many plants to freeze. ② The old letters were hidden a pile of books, and nobody noticed them for years. ③ The cat was sleeping quietly the table, waiting for its owner to return. ④ He felt that such dishonest behavior was him, because he always valued honesty. 2. 虽然他表面上显得自信，但平静表情之下隐藏着深深的焦虑。 3. 复杂局面背后的真相只能通过仔细观察和深入分析才能发现。 4. loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 原文：Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤或烫伤部位。 词形变化：loosely adv. 松散地；不严格地；大致地 loosen v. （使）变松；放松；松开 looseness n. 松散；宽松 常见搭配：a loose shirt / coat / dress 宽松的衬衫 / 外套 / 连衣裙 break loose (from sth.) 摆脱束缚；挣脱 let loose 释放；放开；不受约束 loosen one’s grip / hold 放松某人的控制 loosen up 放松；变得不拘谨 例句：A loose mind welcomes new ideas, while a closed heart misses countless chances for growth and wisdom. 开放的思想接纳新的想法，而封闭的内心会错过无数成长与智慧的机会。 【即学即练】 1. The ancient story was (loose) based on a real event, but many details were changed by the writer. 2. The (loose) of the rules gave students more freedom to explore their interests and develop new skills. 3. The teacher encouraged students to (loose) their minds and think creatively instead of following old patterns. 4. The young man finally broke loose fear and followed his dream of becoming a scientist. 5. It took him some time to loosen , but he soon became friendly with his new classmates. 6. 她更喜欢穿宽松的连衣裙，因为长途旅行时这样让她感到舒适和自信。 7. 父母应该逐渐放松对孩子的控制，让他们自己做决定。 5. urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 原文：If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤或烫伤，必须立刻被送往医院。 词形变化：urge v. 力劝；敦促；催促 n. 强烈的愿望 urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地 urgency n. 紧急；紧急的事 常见搭配：urgent action 紧急行动；立即采取的措施 There is an urgent need for… 迫切需要 respond urgently to sth. 对某事作出紧急回应 deal with sth. urgently 紧急处理某事 a sense of urgency 紧迫感 urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事 It is urgent that sb/sth (should) do sth ……是当务之急 例句：An urgent problem today may become a valuable lesson tomorrow if we face it with courage and wisdom. 今天的紧急问题，如果我们用勇气和智慧面对，明天可能会成为宝贵的经验。 【即学即练】 1. The teacher urged students (make) full use of every opportunity to improve themselves. 2. The problem needs to be dealt with (urgent) before it causes greater damage. 3. Only when we understand the (urgent) of protecting nature can we take effective action. 4. With the rapid development of society, it is (urge) that everyone should develop a sense of responsibility and take action immediately. 5. 年轻人迫切需要学会如何负责任地使用科技。 6. 必须采取紧急行动来保护濒危动物免受进一步伤害。 6. ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n. 容易；舒适；自在 原文：The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town. 这项计划对城里的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。 词形变化：easy adj. 容易的；轻松的 easily adv. 容易地；轻易地 uneasy adj. 不安的；忧虑的 常见搭配：vi.& vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 ease sb of ... 使某人消除/减轻…… ease into sth. 逐渐适应某事 ease off / ease up逐渐减轻；缓和 n. 容易；舒适；自在 put/set sb at (one’s) ease 使某人感到舒适、不拘束 at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 with ease(＝easily) 容易地 例句：True wisdom lies in accepting difficulties calmly, because patience can ease pain and lead us toward inner peace. 真正的智慧在于平静接受困难，因为耐心能够缓解痛苦，并引领我们走向内心的平和。 【即学即练】 1. With enough preparation and confidence, students can (easy) overcome difficulties in their academic life. 2. She felt (easy) about the decision because she was not sure whether it would bring positive results. 3. The doctor’s words helped ease him his worries about the serious illness. 4. After graduation, she slowly eased her new job and gained valuable experience over time. 5. The pressure of exams finally eased after the students finished their final papers. 6. After spending years abroad, he finally felt ease in a completely different culture. 7. The experienced athlete completed the difficult race ease, surprising everyone watching the event. 8. 虽然这个任务起初看起来很容易，但成功完成它需要耐心和认真思考。 五、经典句式 1. as引导的非限制性定语从句 原文：As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤或烫伤会造成严重后果。 分析：“as”引导的非限制性定语从句是由关系代词as引导的一类非限制性关系从句，主要用于对前面整个主句或某一部分内容进行补充说明，而不是限定或识别先行词。该结构通常与主句之间用逗号隔开，表示“正如……一样”“这一点……”等含义。与一般关系代词不同，as具有较强的指代和评价功能，能够指代整个主句所表达的情况，并且常与固定表达搭配使用。该句式在正式书面语中较为常见，尤其用于表达说话者对前述事实的说明、评论或总结。 拓展：as + be known/said/reported/mentioned/expected 正如……所知道/所说/所报道/所提到/所预料的那样 as is known to all/as we all know 众所周知 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is clearly shown in the chart above ... 正如上面的图表所明确展示的那样…… 例句：Patience is a quiet strength that transforms difficulties into opportunities for growth, as ancient wisdom often reminds us. 耐心是一种无声的力量，它能将困难转化为成长的机会，正如古老的智慧常常提醒我们的那样。 【即学即练】 1. is mentioned above, where there is a will, there is a way. 2. The plan succeeded, everyone expected, bringing benefits to the community. 3. 经过多年的专注研究，他获得了这个奖项，正如报道所说。 4. 正如经常被提到的那样，教育在个人发展中起着至关重要的作用。 5. 她通过了考试，正如她的老师们之前满怀信心地预料的那样。 2. if从句的省略结构 原文：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 分析：if从句的省略结构是英语条件状语从句的一种简化形式，主要用于避免重复，使句子更加简洁、正式。当if引导的条件状语从句中主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可以省略从句的“主语 + be动词”；此外，if从句中还常可省略为if + 形容词、过去分词、现在分词或介词短语等结构。这种省略不会改变原句的逻辑关系，其完整形式仍可还原为“if + 主语 + be + 表语/分词结构”。该结构广泛用于书面英语和正式表达中，使语言更加凝练。 拓展：if necessary意为“如果有必要”，为状语从句的省略形式。类似的结构有： if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样的话 if possible 如果有可能 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 例句：If given more time, a person can discover hidden strengths and understand the deeper meaning of perseverance throughout life. 如果被给予更多时间，一个人可以发现隐藏的力量，并理解贯穿一生的坚持所蕴含的更深意义。 【即学即练】 1. 句型转换 ① If necessary, we will take further action. = ② If I were given more time, I could finish the work. = 2. 如有必要，我们明天会再次讨论这个问题。 3. 如果有必要，我会给你打电话；如果不必要，我明天也会发送一条消息。 4. 如果被邀请参加会议，她将为即将与团队进行的讨论准备一些建议。 3. unless引导的条件状语从句 原文：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪开并去除衣物；但是，如果发现衣物粘在烧伤的皮肤上，则不要强行移除。 分析：unless引导的条件状语从句是英语中表示“除非……；如果不……就……”的一类条件状语从句。unless 本身具有否定含义，相当于if…not，用于引出某一条件下主句成立或发生的情况。该从句通常表达一种必要条件，即只有在unless从句所表示的情况不发生时，主句的结果才会实现。在语法结构上，unless引导的条件状语从句属于真实条件句的一种，通常遵循“主将从现”的时态原则，即主句可使用一般将来时，而 unless从句一般使用一般现在时表示将来的条件。需注意，unless后通常不再使用否定形式，因为unless已经包含否定意义，否则会造成双重否定。 例句：Unless we face our fears, we will never discover our true strength. 除非我们直面恐惧，否则我们永远无法发现自己真正的力量。 【即学即练】 1. we learn from our mistakes, we will never truly grow. 2. 除非我们不断前进，否则我们永远无法到达梦想之地。 3. 除非我们赋予生命自己的意义，否则生活不会变得有意义。 4. 除非我们愿意为成功付出努力，否则成功不会到来。 4. There is a need to do sth“有必要做某事” 原文：If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤或烫伤，必须立刻被送往医院。 分析：“There is a need to do sth”是英语中表示“有必要做某事”的固定句式。其中，there is a need for sth/to do sth表示“某事物是必要的”或“存在做某事的必要性”，强调由于某种情况、目的或客观要求而产生的需要。该结构属于there be句型，其中need作名词使用，表示“需要、必要性”，后接to do sth表示需要采取的具体行动。该句式通常用于正式语境，如书面表达、学术文章或公共事务讨论中，用来客观地说明某项行为或措施的必要性。 例句：There is a need to protect the environment because pollution is becoming a serious global problem. 有必要保护环境，因为污染正在成为一个严重的全球性问题。 【即学即练】 1. There is a need (improve) communication between teachers and students for better learning results. 2. 在数字时代，有必要保护个人信息。 3. 有必要立即采取行动，以防止对自然造成进一步破坏。 4. 有必要鼓励人们在现代社会养成更健康的生活方式。 5. 有必要加强国家之间的合作，以应对全球挑战。 一、词汇易混辨析 1. underneath、under、below、beneath 词汇 词义 内涵 underneath 正下方、覆盖在下面 通常表示某物紧贴或直接位于另一物体下面；也可表示隐藏在表面之下。 under 在……下面，在……底下 最常用、最普通的介词，可表示位置低于某物、被覆盖、受控制或处于某种状态, 两者之间有无一定距离均可。 below 低于某个水平、位置或标准 不一定表示正下方，常用于高度、数字、等级等抽象概念。 beneath 在……下面，在……正下方 指所处位置时，与under, below基本同义，但有时强调在某物的正下方，而且较富有文学性 易错点：混淆underneath / under / below / beneath。 ✅ The keys were hidden underneath the newspaper on the kitchen table. ❌ The keys were hidden below the newspaper on the kitchen table. 错误原因：below只表示“低于某个位置”，不强调两者接触或被覆盖；这里报纸直接盖在钥匙上方，表示“藏在覆盖物下面”，应使用underneath。 ✅ The children were playing under the large tree near the river. ❌ The children were playing below the large tree near the river. 错误原因：below通常表示低于某个高度或水平，不自然地表达“树下面的区域”。 ✅ The temperature dropped below zero during the cold winter night. ❌ The temperature dropped under zero during the cold winter night. 错误原因：表示温度、数字、标准“低于”时通常用below，不用under。 2. urgent/ immediate urgent强调“事情紧急、需要优先处理”，通常表示某个问题具有重要性和紧迫性，需要尽快采取行动。它关注的是“重要性和时间压力”。 immediate强调“立刻发生、马上进行”，表示时间上的直接性，常用于描述没有延迟的行动、反应或结果。它关注的是“时间距离为零”。 易错点：表示“紧急的事情”时误用immediate。urgent强调“必须尽快处理，否则可能造成问题”；immediate强调“现在马上发生或执行”，不一定意味着事情很严重。 ✅ The doctor said the patient needed urgent treatment after the serious accident. ⚠ The doctor said the patient needed immediate treatment after the serious accident. 错误理由：这个句子不一定错，但如果想强调“病情严重、必须优先处理”，用urgent更准确。immediate只表示“马上、立即”，重点在时间上的迅速性；而事故后的治疗通常强调“情况严重，需要优先处理”，因此urgent更符合语境。 ✅ Please send me an immediate reply because the meeting starts in five minutes. ⚠ Please send me an urgent reply because the meeting starts in five minutes. 说明：这里不自然，因为“回复”本身强调马上完成，而不是一个需要被优先处理的重要任务。urgent通常修饰需要紧急关注的事情（如urgent problem, urgent request, urgent medical care），而“回复”在此处强调动作发生得快，所以应使用immediate。 3. ease/ relieve ease强调“减轻、缓和”某种不适、困难、紧张或问题，使其程度降低；常用于疼痛、压力、焦虑、紧张、局势等，也可表示使某事变得更容易。 relieve强调“解除、缓解”已经存在的痛苦、负担或不良状态，使人从某种压力、疼痛、责任中得到解脱；常用于pain, stress, anxiety, pressure, symptoms等。 两者都可以表示“缓解”，但侧重点不同： ease =让情况变得没那么严重（降低程度），语气较温和，强调过程。 relieve =把负担或痛苦解除掉一些（获得释放），强调结果，常带有“从困扰中解脱”的感觉。 易错点：表示“缓解疼痛、压力、症状”时误用ease或relieve。如果强调“减轻疼痛程度”，两者都可以；但如果强调“解除痛苦、让人感觉轻松”，更常用relieve。 ✅ The doctor gave me some medicine to relieve the pain after the surgery. → relieve 强调疼痛这一负担被解除、减轻，使病人感觉舒服一些。 ⚠ The doctor gave me some medicine to ease the pain after the surgery. 说明：这个句子并非完全错误。ease也可以表示“缓解疼痛”，但如果语境强调药物治疗后疼痛得到明显解除，relieve 更自然、更符合英语习惯。 ✅ The new policy may ease the pressure on small businesses during difficult times. → ease 强调降低压力程度，让情况变得没有那么困难。 ⚠ The new policy may relieve the pressure on small businesses during difficult times. 说明：语法没有错误，但relieve更强调“解除压力”，通常用于压力已经很明显，需要被释放的情况；这里谈政策逐渐改善环境，用ease更贴切。 4. reduce ... to/by ... reduce + 名词 + to/by + 数量，表示降低某物的数量、程度或价格。 reduce ... to ... 表示“把……减少到……”，强调减少后的最终数量； reduce ... by ... 表示“把……减少了……”，强调减少的幅度或差额。 易错点：混淆to和by。to后面接最终结果，by后面接减少的具体数量。 ✅ The company reduced the price from fifty dollars to thirty dollars. 这家公司把价格从五十美元降到了三十美元。 ✅ The company reduced the price by twenty dollars during the summer sale. 这家公司在夏季促销期间把价格降低了二十美元。 ❌ The company reduced the price to twenty dollars during the summer sale. 这里的 to twenty dollars 表示“最终价格是二十美元”，而不是“降低了二十美元”。 二、短语搭配易错 1. prevent ... from doing sth 阻止……做某事 prevent + 人/事物 + from + 动词-ing，表示“阻止某人或某事做某事”。prevent后面不能接“宾语 + to do”。在主动结构中，from有时可以省略；但在被动结构中，from不能省略。 易错点1：把prevent sb from doing sth误写成prevent sb to do sth。 ✅ The heavy rain prevented us from playing football in the park. ❌ The heavy rain prevented us to play football in the park. 易错点2：在被动结构中漏掉介词from。 ✅ The child was prevented from entering the dangerous building alone. ❌ The child was prevented entering the dangerous building alone. 2. lead to sth/doing sth 导致某事/做某事 lead to中的to是介词，表示“导致、引起”，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，不能直接接动词原形。 易错点：把lead to后面的动词误用成动词原形。 ✅ His careless decision led to losing several important business opportunities abroad. ❌ His careless decision led to lose several important business opportunities abroad. 3. depend on 依靠；取决于 depend on中的on是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词（doing）。它表示“依靠某人或某物”，也可以表示“取决于某种情况”。 易错点：把depend on后面的动词误用成动词原形。（学生经常会犯的错） ✅ You can depend on him finishing the work on time. ❌ You can depend on him finish the work on time. 4. be reduced to 沦为；被迫处于；转化为 be reduced to + 名词/动名词，表示“沦为某种状态”“被迫做某事”或“被转化为……”。其中to是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把be reduced to中的to误认为不定式符号，后面直接使用动词原形。 ✅ After the company failed, he was reduced to selling his furniture for food. ❌ After the company failed, he was reduced to sell his furniture for food. 5. stick to 粘在……上；坚持 stick to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表示“粘在某物上”，或“坚持某种做法、计划、原则等”。其中to是介词，后面如果接动词，要使用动名词形式，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把stick to后面的动词误用成动词原形。 ✅ She stuck to practicing the piano every evening despite feeling tired. ❌ She stuck to practice the piano every evening despite feeling tired. 6. suffer from患有；受……困扰 suffer from + 疾病/问题，表示“患有某种疾病”或“长期受到某个问题的困扰”。suffer也可以直接接losses、damage、injury等表示损失或伤害的名词，意为“遭受……”。因此，并不是所有情况下都要在suffer后面加from。 易错点：看到suffer就一律加from，忽略了suffer可以直接接“损失、伤害”等名词。 ✅ The company suffered heavy losses after the unexpected fire destroyed its warehouse. ❌ The company suffered from heavy losses after the unexpected fire destroyed its warehouse. 三、句型易错点 1. 并列系表结构：主语 + be + 表语 + and + be + 表语 课文：The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. 易错点：and连接两个并列谓语，第二个谓语前可以省略相同的主语。两个谓语都要与主语保持一致。 例子：✅ The library is a quiet study space and is the oldest building on our campus. ❌ The library is a quiet study space and are the oldest building on our campus. 2. 多个谓语并列：主语 + 谓语1，谓语2，谓语3，and谓语4 课文：It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 易错点：并列谓语的形式必须保持一致。 例子：✅ Good teachers help students solve problems, prevent them from giving up, warn them when mistakes occur, and build confidence. ❌ Good teachers help students solving problems, prevent them to give up, warn when do mistakes occur, and build confidence. 3. 祈使句 原文：Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 易错点：肯定祈使句以动词原形开头，通常省略主语you。不能把动词原形改成动名词，否则句子缺少真正的谓语。 例子：✅ Place your completed forms on the front desk, especially before the office closes this afternoon. ❌ Placing your completed forms on the front desk, especially before the office closes this afternoon. 4. unless引导的条件状语从句 课文：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 易错点：unless本身表示“除非；如果不”，不能再随意添加not造成双重否定。 例子：✅ Remove the old batteries using gloves if necessary, unless the device begins making unusual sounds. ❌ Remove the old batteries using gloves if necessary, unless the device does not begin making unusual sounds. $Unit 5 First Aid Reading and Thinking It’s a great honour to save a life. —Leigh Bardugo 译文：能够挽救一个人的生命，是无上的荣耀。 解读：这句话表达的是对生命价值的高度尊重与敬畏。它并不仅仅是在说“救人”这一行为本身值得赞扬，更强调当一个人有机会挽救另一个人的生命时，所承担的是一种珍贵而神圣的责任。生命无法用金钱或成就衡量，因此能够让一个生命得以延续，是一种超越个人利益的善举，也是一份值得感恩和自豪的荣誉。这里的“honour”不只是“荣耀”，更包含谦逊、责任与使命感，体现了人道主义精神中对生命的珍视。 一、重点单词 1. essential adj. 基本的；必不可少的 2. organ n. (人或动植物的)器官 3. toxin n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) 4. ray n. 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 5. radiation n. 辐射；放射线 6. acid n. 酸adj. 酸的；酸性的 7. chemical n. 化学制品，化学品　adj.化学的；化学作用的 8. depth n．深度 9. millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米 10. minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 11. incident n．事件，事故；插曲 12. layer n. 层；表层；层次 13. liquid n. 液体 14. electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的 15. severe adj. 严重的；严厉的；艰难的；苛刻的 16. victim n. 受害者；患者 17. swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 18. blister n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 19. watery adj. 水的；似水的；含水的；水分很多的 20. underneath prep.& adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面 21. nerve n.神经 22. process n. 过程 23. reduce v. 减少；蒸发；节食 24. fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 25. loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的 26. apply vt.& vi. 申请；涂；敷；应用 27. urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的 二、重点单词变形 1. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数派；少数人 2. electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→electricity n．电→electrical adj.电的；用电的；发电的→electronic adj.电子的 3. swell vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀；肿胀→swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 4. nerve n．神经→nervous adj.紧张的 5. loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosen v．(使)放松；变松；解开→loosely adv. 松散地；不严格地；大致地→looseness n. 松散；宽松 6. urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urge v．敦促；催促；力劝→urgency n．紧迫；急迫→urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地 7. ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在→easy adj.容易的；简单的→easily adv.容易地 8. organ n. 器官→organic adj. 有机的 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. act as充当 2. prevent ... from doing sth阻止……做某事 3. sense of touch触觉 4. get burnt被晒伤/烧伤 5. lead to导致，造成；通向 6. give first aid实施急救 7. a variety of(＝varieties of) 各种各样的 8. divide into分成…… 9. depend on依靠；依赖 10. at a depth of ... 在……的深处 11. electric shock触电；电击 12. the edges of ……的边缘 13. in the process of 在……过程中 14. reduce ... to 减少到 15. be reduced to 沦为；转化为 16. stick to 粘在……上 17. suffer from (因疾病、痛苦等)受苦 18. apply ... to ... 把……涂到……；把……应用于…… 四、核心词汇 1. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 原文：Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤或烫伤。 反义词：major adj. 主要的；重要的 词形变化：minority n. 少数；少数民族 常见搭配：minor damage 轻微损害 minor details 次要细节 minor mistakes/errors 小错误 a/the minority of 少数的 be in the/a minority 占少数 拓展：the minority单独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 The minority is often ignored in decision-making.（强调少数群体整体） The minority are divided in their opinions.（强调少数群体中的成员） 例句：Minor mistakes can become valuable lessons if we learn from them instead of ignoring their hidden meanings. 小错误如果被我们吸取教训，就能成为宝贵的经验，而不是被忽视的隐藏意义。 【即学即练】 1. People who support this opinion are in the minority, but their voices still deserve attention. 2. The minority (minor) of students in our class prefer studying in the morning because they believe it is more efficient. 3. 少数人认为这个问题不重要，但他们的观点仍然值得认真考虑。 The minority think the issue is unimportant, but their opinions still deserve serious consideration. 4. 这场事故只造成了轻微损害，因此没有人受到严重伤害。 The accident caused only minor damage, so no one was seriously injured. 5. 那些持不同意见的人虽然占少数，但他们的想法可能带来新的视角。 Those who hold different opinions are in the minority, but their ideas may bring new perspectives. 2. swollen adj. (身体部位) 肿起的；肿胀的 原文：dry, red, and mildly swollen. 干燥、发红、微肿 词形变化：swollen adj. 肿胀的；膨胀的（swell 的过去分词形式，最常用） 常见搭配：be swollen with pain 因疼痛而肿胀 swell up 肿起来；突然增加 swollen eyes 肿胀的眼睛 swollen lips 肿胀的嘴唇 swollen ankles 肿胀的脚踝 swollen joints 肿胀的关节 swollen face 肿胀的脸 例句：A swollen heart full of anger hurts itself first, while kindness brings true peace and healing. 一个充满愤怒而膨胀的心首先伤害自己，而善良带来真正的平静与治愈。 【即学即练】 1. She walked into the classroom with swollen (swell) eyes because she had stayed up late studying. 2. His injured knee was swollen with pain after he fell during the football match. 3. Her eyes began to swell up after she cried for a long time. 4. 那位老人去看医生，因为肿胀的关节使他行动困难。 The old man visited the doctor because his swollen joints made it difficult to move. 5. 他膨胀的自尊心使他无法接受别人的建议。 His swollen pride prevented him from accepting advice from others. 6. 快速增长的人口给住房和公共服务带来了巨大压力。 The swollen population has created great pressure on housing and public services. 3. underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面 原文：...the tissue underneath can often be seen ……通常可见皮下组织 常见搭配：underneath the surface 在表面之下；隐藏在表象之下 hidden underneath 隐藏在……下面 拓展：区分underneath、under、below、beneath的介词用法（见词汇易混辨析） 例句：True wisdom often lies underneath ordinary moments, waiting for those who observe carefully and think deeply. 真正的智慧常隐藏在平凡时刻之下，等待那些善于观察和深入思考的人发现。 【即学即练】 1. 选词填空 (underneath/ under/ beneath/ below) ① The temperature dropped below zero last night, causing many plants to freeze. ② The old letters were hidden underneath a pile of books, and nobody noticed them for years. ③ The cat was sleeping quietly under the table, waiting for its owner to return. ④ He felt that such dishonest behavior was beneath him, because he always valued honesty. 2. 虽然他表面上显得自信，但平静表情之下隐藏着深深的焦虑。 Although he appeared confident on the outside, there was a deep sense of anxiety underneath his calm expression. 3. 复杂局面背后的真相只能通过仔细观察和深入分析才能发现。 The truth underneath the complicated situation can only be found through careful observation and thoughtful analysis. 4. loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 原文：Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤或烫伤部位。 词形变化：loosely adv. 松散地；不严格地；大致地 loosen v. （使）变松；放松；松开 looseness n. 松散；宽松 常见搭配：a loose shirt / coat / dress 宽松的衬衫 / 外套 / 连衣裙 break loose (from sth.) 摆脱束缚；挣脱 let loose 释放；放开；不受约束 loosen one’s grip / hold 放松某人的控制 loosen up 放松；变得不拘谨 例句：A loose mind welcomes new ideas, while a closed heart misses countless chances for growth and wisdom. 开放的思想接纳新的想法，而封闭的内心会错过无数成长与智慧的机会。 【即学即练】 1. The ancient story was loosely (loose) based on a real event, but many details were changed by the writer. 2. The looseness (loose) of the rules gave students more freedom to explore their interests and develop new skills. 3. The teacher encouraged students to loosen (loose) their minds and think creatively instead of following old patterns. 4. The young man finally broke loose from fear and followed his dream of becoming a scientist. 5. It took him some time to loosen up, but he soon became friendly with his new classmates. 6. 她更喜欢穿宽松的连衣裙，因为长途旅行时这样让她感到舒适和自信。 She prefers wearing a loose dress because it makes her feel comfortable and confident during long journeys. 7. 父母应该逐渐放松对孩子的控制，让他们自己做决定。 Parents should gradually loosen their grip on children and allow them to make their own decisions. 5. urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 原文：If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤或烫伤，必须立刻被送往医院。 词形变化：urge v. 力劝；敦促；催促 n. 强烈的愿望 urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地 urgency n. 紧急；紧急的事 常见搭配：urgent action 紧急行动；立即采取的措施 There is an urgent need for… 迫切需要 respond urgently to sth. 对某事作出紧急回应 deal with sth. urgently 紧急处理某事 a sense of urgency 紧迫感 urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事 It is urgent that sb/sth (should) do sth ……是当务之急 例句：An urgent problem today may become a valuable lesson tomorrow if we face it with courage and wisdom. 今天的紧急问题，如果我们用勇气和智慧面对，明天可能会成为宝贵的经验。 【即学即练】 1. The teacher urged students to make (make) full use of every opportunity to improve themselves. 2. The problem needs to be dealt with urgently (urgent) before it causes greater damage. 3. Only when we understand the urgency (urgent) of protecting nature can we take effective action. 4. With the rapid development of society, it is urgent (urge) that everyone should develop a sense of responsibility and take action immediately. 5. 年轻人迫切需要学会如何负责任地使用科技。 There is an urgent need for young people to learn how to use technology responsibly. 6. 必须采取紧急行动来保护濒危动物免受进一步伤害。 Urgent action must be taken to protect endangered animals from further harm. 6. ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n. 容易；舒适；自在 原文：The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town. 这项计划对城里的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。 词形变化：easy adj. 容易的；轻松的 easily adv. 容易地；轻易地 uneasy adj. 不安的；忧虑的 常见搭配：vi.& vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 ease sb of ... 使某人消除/减轻…… ease into sth. 逐渐适应某事 ease off / ease up逐渐减轻；缓和 n. 容易；舒适；自在 put/set sb at (one’s) ease 使某人感到舒适、不拘束 at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 with ease(＝easily) 容易地 例句：True wisdom lies in accepting difficulties calmly, because patience can ease pain and lead us toward inner peace. 真正的智慧在于平静接受困难，因为耐心能够缓解痛苦，并引领我们走向内心的平和。 【即学即练】 1. With enough preparation and confidence, students can easily (easy) overcome difficulties in their academic life. 2. She felt uneasy (easy) about the decision because she was not sure whether it would bring positive results. 3. The doctor’s words helped ease him of his worries about the serious illness. 4. After graduation, she slowly eased into her new job and gained valuable experience over time. 5. The pressure of exams finally eased off after the students finished their final papers. 6. After spending years abroad, he finally felt at ease in a completely different culture. 7. The experienced athlete completed the difficult race with ease, surprising everyone watching the event. 8. 虽然这个任务起初看起来很容易，但成功完成它需要耐心和认真思考。 Although the task seemed easy at first, it required patience and careful thinking to complete successfully. 五、经典句式 1. as引导的非限制性定语从句 原文：As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤或烫伤会造成严重后果。 分析：“as”引导的非限制性定语从句是由关系代词as引导的一类非限制性关系从句，主要用于对前面整个主句或某一部分内容进行补充说明，而不是限定或识别先行词。该结构通常与主句之间用逗号隔开，表示“正如……一样”“这一点……”等含义。与一般关系代词不同，as具有较强的指代和评价功能，能够指代整个主句所表达的情况，并且常与固定表达搭配使用。该句式在正式书面语中较为常见，尤其用于表达说话者对前述事实的说明、评论或总结。 拓展：as + be known/said/reported/mentioned/expected 正如……所知道/所说/所报道/所提到/所预料的那样 as is known to all/as we all know 众所周知 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is clearly shown in the chart above ... 正如上面的图表所明确展示的那样…… 例句：Patience is a quiet strength that transforms difficulties into opportunities for growth, as ancient wisdom often reminds us. 耐心是一种无声的力量，它能将困难转化为成长的机会，正如古老的智慧常常提醒我们的那样。 【即学即练】 1. As is mentioned above, where there is a will, there is a way. 2. The plan succeeded, as everyone expected, bringing benefits to the community. 3. 经过多年的专注研究，他获得了这个奖项，正如报道所说。 He won the award, as was reported, after years of dedicated research. 4. 正如经常被提到的那样，教育在个人发展中起着至关重要的作用。 As is often mentioned, education plays a crucial role in personal development. 5. 她通过了考试，正如她的老师们之前满怀信心地预料的那样。 She passed the exam, as her teachers had confidently expected before. 2. if从句的省略结构 原文：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 分析：if从句的省略结构是英语条件状语从句的一种简化形式，主要用于避免重复，使句子更加简洁、正式。当if引导的条件状语从句中主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可以省略从句的“主语 + be动词”；此外，if从句中还常可省略为if + 形容词、过去分词、现在分词或介词短语等结构。这种省略不会改变原句的逻辑关系，其完整形式仍可还原为“if + 主语 + be + 表语/分词结构”。该结构广泛用于书面英语和正式表达中，使语言更加凝练。 拓展：if necessary意为“如果有必要”，为状语从句的省略形式。类似的结构有： if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样的话 if possible 如果有可能 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 例句：If given more time, a person can discover hidden strengths and understand the deeper meaning of perseverance throughout life. 如果被给予更多时间，一个人可以发现隐藏的力量，并理解贯穿一生的坚持所蕴含的更深意义。 【即学即练】 1. 句型转换 ① If necessary, we will take further action. = If it is necessary, we will take further action. ② If I were given more time, I could finish the work. = If given more time, I could finish the work. 2. 如有必要，我们明天会再次讨论这个问题。 If necessary, we will discuss the problem again tomorrow. 3. 如果有必要，我会给你打电话；如果不必要，我明天也会发送一条消息。 If necessary, I will call you; if not, I will send a message tomorrow too. 4. 如果被邀请参加会议，她将为即将与团队进行的讨论准备一些建议。 If invited to the meeting, she will prepare some suggestions for the upcoming discussion with the team. 3. unless引导的条件状语从句 原文：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪开并去除衣物；但是，如果发现衣物粘在烧伤的皮肤上，则不要强行移除。 分析：unless引导的条件状语从句是英语中表示“除非……；如果不……就……”的一类条件状语从句。unless 本身具有否定含义，相当于if…not，用于引出某一条件下主句成立或发生的情况。该从句通常表达一种必要条件，即只有在unless从句所表示的情况不发生时，主句的结果才会实现。在语法结构上，unless引导的条件状语从句属于真实条件句的一种，通常遵循“主将从现”的时态原则，即主句可使用一般将来时，而 unless从句一般使用一般现在时表示将来的条件。需注意，unless后通常不再使用否定形式，因为unless已经包含否定意义，否则会造成双重否定。 例句：Unless we face our fears, we will never discover our true strength. 除非我们直面恐惧，否则我们永远无法发现自己真正的力量。 【即学即练】 1. Unless we learn from our mistakes, we will never truly grow. 2. 除非我们不断前进，否则我们永远无法到达梦想之地。 Unless we keep moving forward, we will never reach the place we dream of. 3. 除非我们赋予生命自己的意义，否则生活不会变得有意义。 Life will not become meaningful unless we give it our own purpose. 4. 除非我们愿意为成功付出努力，否则成功不会到来。 Success will not come unless we are willing to work for it. 4. There is a need to do sth“有必要做某事” 原文：If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤或烫伤，必须立刻被送往医院。 分析：“There is a need to do sth”是英语中表示“有必要做某事”的固定句式。其中，there is a need for sth/to do sth表示“某事物是必要的”或“存在做某事的必要性”，强调由于某种情况、目的或客观要求而产生的需要。该结构属于there be句型，其中need作名词使用，表示“需要、必要性”，后接to do sth表示需要采取的具体行动。该句式通常用于正式语境，如书面表达、学术文章或公共事务讨论中，用来客观地说明某项行为或措施的必要性。 例句：There is a need to protect the environment because pollution is becoming a serious global problem. 有必要保护环境，因为污染正在成为一个严重的全球性问题。 【即学即练】 1. There is a need to improve (improve) communication between teachers and students for better learning results. 2. 在数字时代，有必要保护个人信息。 There is a need to protect personal information in the digital age. 3. 有必要立即采取行动，以防止对自然造成进一步破坏。 There is a need to take immediate action to prevent further damage to nature. 4. 有必要鼓励人们在现代社会养成更健康的生活方式。 There is a need to encourage people to develop healthier lifestyles in modern society. 5. 有必要加强国家之间的合作，以应对全球挑战。 There is a need to strengthen cooperation among countries to address global challenges. 一、词汇易混辨析 1. underneath、under、below、beneath 词汇 词义 内涵 underneath 正下方、覆盖在下面 通常表示某物紧贴或直接位于另一物体下面；也可表示隐藏在表面之下。 under 在……下面，在……底下 最常用、最普通的介词，可表示位置低于某物、被覆盖、受控制或处于某种状态, 两者之间有无一定距离均可。 below 低于某个水平、位置或标准 不一定表示正下方，常用于高度、数字、等级等抽象概念。 beneath 在……下面，在……正下方 指所处位置时，与under, below基本同义，但有时强调在某物的正下方，而且较富有文学性 易错点：混淆underneath / under / below / beneath。 ✅ The keys were hidden underneath the newspaper on the kitchen table. ❌ The keys were hidden below the newspaper on the kitchen table. 错误原因：below只表示“低于某个位置”，不强调两者接触或被覆盖；这里报纸直接盖在钥匙上方，表示“藏在覆盖物下面”，应使用underneath。 ✅ The children were playing under the large tree near the river. ❌ The children were playing below the large tree near the river. 错误原因：below通常表示低于某个高度或水平，不自然地表达“树下面的区域”。 ✅ The temperature dropped below zero during the cold winter night. ❌ The temperature dropped under zero during the cold winter night. 错误原因：表示温度、数字、标准“低于”时通常用below，不用under。 2. urgent/ immediate urgent强调“事情紧急、需要优先处理”，通常表示某个问题具有重要性和紧迫性，需要尽快采取行动。它关注的是“重要性和时间压力”。 immediate强调“立刻发生、马上进行”，表示时间上的直接性，常用于描述没有延迟的行动、反应或结果。它关注的是“时间距离为零”。 易错点：表示“紧急的事情”时误用immediate。urgent强调“必须尽快处理，否则可能造成问题”；immediate强调“现在马上发生或执行”，不一定意味着事情很严重。 ✅ The doctor said the patient needed urgent treatment after the serious accident. ⚠ The doctor said the patient needed immediate treatment after the serious accident. 错误理由：这个句子不一定错，但如果想强调“病情严重、必须优先处理”，用urgent更准确。immediate只表示“马上、立即”，重点在时间上的迅速性；而事故后的治疗通常强调“情况严重，需要优先处理”，因此urgent更符合语境。 ✅ Please send me an immediate reply because the meeting starts in five minutes. ⚠ Please send me an urgent reply because the meeting starts in five minutes. 说明：这里不自然，因为“回复”本身强调马上完成，而不是一个需要被优先处理的重要任务。urgent通常修饰需要紧急关注的事情（如urgent problem, urgent request, urgent medical care），而“回复”在此处强调动作发生得快，所以应使用immediate。 3. ease/ relieve ease强调“减轻、缓和”某种不适、困难、紧张或问题，使其程度降低；常用于疼痛、压力、焦虑、紧张、局势等，也可表示使某事变得更容易。 relieve强调“解除、缓解”已经存在的痛苦、负担或不良状态，使人从某种压力、疼痛、责任中得到解脱；常用于pain, stress, anxiety, pressure, symptoms等。 两者都可以表示“缓解”，但侧重点不同： ease =让情况变得没那么严重（降低程度），语气较温和，强调过程。 relieve =把负担或痛苦解除掉一些（获得释放），强调结果，常带有“从困扰中解脱”的感觉。 易错点：表示“缓解疼痛、压力、症状”时误用ease或relieve。如果强调“减轻疼痛程度”，两者都可以；但如果强调“解除痛苦、让人感觉轻松”，更常用relieve。 ✅ The doctor gave me some medicine to relieve the pain after the surgery. → relieve 强调疼痛这一负担被解除、减轻，使病人感觉舒服一些。 ⚠ The doctor gave me some medicine to ease the pain after the surgery. 说明：这个句子并非完全错误。ease也可以表示“缓解疼痛”，但如果语境强调药物治疗后疼痛得到明显解除，relieve 更自然、更符合英语习惯。 ✅ The new policy may ease the pressure on small businesses during difficult times. → ease 强调降低压力程度，让情况变得没有那么困难。 ⚠ The new policy may relieve the pressure on small businesses during difficult times. 说明：语法没有错误，但relieve更强调“解除压力”，通常用于压力已经很明显，需要被释放的情况；这里谈政策逐渐改善环境，用ease更贴切。 4. reduce ... to/by ... reduce + 名词 + to/by + 数量，表示降低某物的数量、程度或价格。 reduce ... to ... 表示“把……减少到……”，强调减少后的最终数量； reduce ... by ... 表示“把……减少了……”，强调减少的幅度或差额。 易错点：混淆to和by。to后面接最终结果，by后面接减少的具体数量。 ✅ The company reduced the price from fifty dollars to thirty dollars. 这家公司把价格从五十美元降到了三十美元。 ✅ The company reduced the price by twenty dollars during the summer sale. 这家公司在夏季促销期间把价格降低了二十美元。 ❌ The company reduced the price to twenty dollars during the summer sale. 这里的 to twenty dollars 表示“最终价格是二十美元”，而不是“降低了二十美元”。 二、短语搭配易错 1. prevent ... from doing sth 阻止……做某事 prevent + 人/事物 + from + 动词-ing，表示“阻止某人或某事做某事”。prevent后面不能接“宾语 + to do”。在主动结构中，from有时可以省略；但在被动结构中，from不能省略。 易错点1：把prevent sb from doing sth误写成prevent sb to do sth。 ✅ The heavy rain prevented us from playing football in the park. ❌ The heavy rain prevented us to play football in the park. 易错点2：在被动结构中漏掉介词from。 ✅ The child was prevented from entering the dangerous building alone. ❌ The child was prevented entering the dangerous building alone. 2. lead to sth/doing sth 导致某事/做某事 lead to中的to是介词，表示“导致、引起”，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，不能直接接动词原形。 易错点：把lead to后面的动词误用成动词原形。 ✅ His careless decision led to losing several important business opportunities abroad. ❌ His careless decision led to lose several important business opportunities abroad. 3. depend on 依靠；取决于 depend on中的on是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词（doing）。它表示“依靠某人或某物”，也可以表示“取决于某种情况”。 易错点：把depend on后面的动词误用成动词原形。（学生经常会犯的错） ✅ You can depend on him finishing the work on time. ❌ You can depend on him finish the work on time. 4. be reduced to 沦为；被迫处于；转化为 be reduced to + 名词/动名词，表示“沦为某种状态”“被迫做某事”或“被转化为……”。其中to是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把be reduced to中的to误认为不定式符号，后面直接使用动词原形。 ✅ After the company failed, he was reduced to selling his furniture for food. ❌ After the company failed, he was reduced to sell his furniture for food. 5. stick to 粘在……上；坚持 stick to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表示“粘在某物上”，或“坚持某种做法、计划、原则等”。其中to是介词，后面如果接动词，要使用动名词形式，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把stick to后面的动词误用成动词原形。 ✅ She stuck to practicing the piano every evening despite feeling tired. ❌ She stuck to practice the piano every evening despite feeling tired. 6. suffer from患有；受……困扰 suffer from + 疾病/问题，表示“患有某种疾病”或“长期受到某个问题的困扰”。suffer也可以直接接losses、damage、injury等表示损失或伤害的名词，意为“遭受……”。因此，并不是所有情况下都要在suffer后面加from。 易错点：看到suffer就一律加from，忽略了suffer可以直接接“损失、伤害”等名词。 ✅ The company suffered heavy losses after the unexpected fire destroyed its warehouse. ❌ The company suffered from heavy losses after the unexpected fire destroyed its warehouse. 三、句型易错点 1. 并列系表结构：主语 + be + 表语 + and + be + 表语 课文：The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. 易错点：and连接两个并列谓语，第二个谓语前可以省略相同的主语。两个谓语都要与主语保持一致。 例子：✅ The library is a quiet study space and is the oldest building on our campus. ❌ The library is a quiet study space and are the oldest building on our campus. 2. 多个谓语并列：主语 + 谓语1，谓语2，谓语3，and谓语4 课文：It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 易错点：并列谓语的形式必须保持一致。 例子：✅ Good teachers help students solve problems, prevent them from giving up, warn them when mistakes occur, and build confidence. ❌ Good teachers help students solving problems, prevent them to give up, warn when do mistakes occur, and build confidence. 3. 祈使句 原文：Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 易错点：肯定祈使句以动词原形开头，通常省略主语you。不能把动词原形改成动名词，否则句子缺少真正的谓语。 例子：✅ Place your completed forms on the front desk, especially before the office closes this afternoon. ❌ Placing your completed forms on the front desk, especially before the office closes this afternoon. 4. unless引导的条件状语从句 课文：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 易错点：unless本身表示“除非；如果不”，不能再随意添加not造成双重否定。 例子：✅ Remove the old batteries using gloves if necessary, unless the device begins making unusual sounds. ❌ Remove the old batteries using gloves if necessary, unless the device does not begin making unusual sounds. $