Unit 5 First Aid Learning About Language (Grammar) 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Period Three　Learning About Language (Grammar) 语言精讲 1.wrap　vt. (wrapped,wrapped,wrapping) 用……包扎;围住;包,裹 For example, wrap the burnt area loosely with a clean cloth if possible. 例如,如果可能的话,用一块干净的布松松地包裹烧伤的地方。 (1)wrap up 包起来 wrap…in sth 用某物把……裹起来 wrap sth around… 用某物裹住/包住/围住…… (2)be wrapped up in… 被包裹在……;全神贯注于…… (3)unwrap vt. 打开;拆开……的包装 【佳句背诵】 On seeing her father, the little girl fell into him and wrapped her arms around him. 一看到她的父亲,这个小女孩就扑向他并搂住了他。 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, 　　　　　　(wrap) them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch(火把).   ②It was very cold that day and the man had his torn coat—more like an old suit coat rather than a warm coat—　　　　　　 (wrap) around him.   ③　　　　　　 (wrap) in a thick scarf, she braved the cold wind and headed for the bus stop.  完成句子 ④Later in the night, Molly exclaimed in great excitement 　　　　　　　　　　　　　—it was the very doll she wanted! (读后续写之情绪描写)  随后到了晚上,当莫莉打开盒子的时候,她兴奋地叫了起来——这正是她想要的娃娃! ⑤She cleaned her knee, applied medicine to the wound, and 　　　　　　　　　　　, which made the girl relaxed. (读后续写之动作描写)  她清理了膝盖,给伤口涂了药,用绷带包扎,这让女孩放松了下来。 2.slip　vi. (slipped,slipped,slipping) 滑倒;滑落;溜走 n.滑倒;小错误;纸条 When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor. 他从浴缸里出来时,滑倒在地上。 (1)slip away 逃走;悄悄溜走;消去;死去 slip into 悄悄进入,溜进去;(不知不觉 地)陷入 slip out of 从……溜走,从……中滑出 slip by (时间等)快速流逝 (2)slip sb’s memory/mind被(某人)忘记 slip through one’s fingers错过;从某人指缝中溜掉 【佳句背诵】 We have to be prepared all the time so that we won’t let chances slip through our fingers.我们必须随时做好准备,这样我们就不会错过任何机会。 【活学活用】 单句填空/一词多义 ①When the sun 　　　　　　(slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.   ②　　　　　　 (slip) on the wet floor, he missed his step and sprained his ankle.   ③Oh, sorry. It was a slip of the tongue. I meant Tuesday for sure. 　　　　　  ④Paul gave me a slip with his telephone number on it. 　　　　　  ⑤When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. 　　　　　  ⑥His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show. 　　　　　  ⑦Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.　　　　　　   完成句子 ⑧As she rushed towards the finish line, her foot caught on a small pebble, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (读后续写之动作描写)  正当她冲向终点线时,她的脚被一颗小石子绊住,导致她重重地滑倒在地。 ⑨With everyone’s attention focused on the stage, she 　　　　　　　　　　the auditorium, her heart pounding with a mix of excitement and nervousness. (读后续写之动作与心理描写)  当所有人的注意力都集中在舞台上时,她悄悄地溜出了礼堂,既兴奋又紧张,心怦怦直跳。 3.delay　n.延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁 After arriving, the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs.到达后,救护车队很快找到了泰勒夫人,立即给她输氧,插上静脉注射针,并检查她的生命体征。 (1)without delay 立即;毫不拖延地 a delay of+表示时间的名词 ……的延误/耽搁 (2)delay doing sth 拖延/延误做某事 (3)delayed adj.延误的,延迟的;延期的 [温馨提示] 表示“推迟,延迟”的词或短语:postpone, put off。 【佳句背诵】 The government ordered that the rescue work should be carried out without delay.政府下令救援工作应立即开展。 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①Heavy snow continued to affect the airport yesterday, thus 　　　　　　(delay) a number of flights.   ②Some people have to delay 　　　　　　(seek) medical treatment for various reasons, which brings health risks.   ③Officials said that the reason for the large number of 　　　　　　(delay) flights was the bad weather conditions.   完成句子 ④Having made the determination, I  　　　　　　　　　　.   下定决心后,我立刻向父母求助。 ⑤Due to a big storm, my flight 　　　　　　　　by an hour and a half.   由于一场大的暴风雨,我的航班延误了一个半小时。 4.be doing…when…　正在做……这时…… One day, she was in her living room cleaning the windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. 有一天,她正在客厅擦窗户,这时她突然感觉自己右侧身体没有知觉了。 (1)be about to do…+when…正要做……这时…… (2)be on the point of doing…+when…正要做……这时…… (3)had just done…+when…刚做了……这时…… 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①He had just walked for about a mile 　　　　　　a volunteer searcher found him.   ②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag 　　　　　　the bus suddenly stopped.   ③We 　　　　　　(swim) in the lake when suddenly the storm started.   ④I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I was about 　　　　　　(leave) when someone came to see me.   完成句子 ⑤I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　a hummingbird flew to the centre of our group and began hovering.   我正站在汽车旁,这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们这群人中间,开始盘旋。 ⑥She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.   昨天她刚做完作业,她妈妈就叫她去练习弹钢琴。 语法归纳 【语境感悟】 阅读以下有关“急救”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。 　　①Knowing how to do basic first aid is a vital skill ②involving several actions. The most challenging part for beginners is ③staying calm during emergencies. When helping others, avoid ④moving someone with a suspected broken bone, as shaking them risks causing more harm. You might find yourself ⑤facing unexpected situations, like comforting a crying child by holding their hand and speaking softly. Always start by checking the scene for safety, ⑥ensuring there are no dangers like fire or falling objects. Remember, even small actions like calling for help or keeping someone warm while waiting for professionals can make a huge difference. 【自主发现】 以上语段中,黑体部分均为动词-ing形式(短语)。①在句中作　　　　,②在句中作　　　　,③在句中作　　　　,④在句中作　　　　,⑤在句中作　　　　,⑥在句中作　　　　。  Review of the v.-ing form (复习动词-ing形式) 一、动词-ing形式的基本情况 1.动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。 动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。 2.动词-ing形式的时态和语态: 　　　语态 时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、动词-ing形式作主语 1.动词-ing形式作主语时,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。如: Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy. 每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 [温馨提示] 单个动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。当两个(或以上)动名词(短语)作主语时,若表达一个整体意义,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若表达多个不同的意义,谓语动词用复数形式。如: Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old. 对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。(早睡早起整体是一件事) Reading and writing are important skills. 读和写是重要的技能。(读和写是两个概念) 2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。常见句式有: It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是没用的/值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思/无乐趣。 三、动词-ing形式作宾语 1.作动词的宾语。接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有: avoid,miss,delay/put off 避免错过少延期 advise,finish,practise 建议完成多练习 enjoy,imagine,can’t help 喜欢想象禁不住 admit,deny,envy 承认否定与嫉妒 escape,risk,excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅 stand,keep,mind 忍受保持不介意 如: He admitted referring to his notes in the exam. 他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。 She can’t stand being looked down upon in public. 她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。 2.作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语: be good at擅长;dream of梦想;care about在乎;be concerned about关心;be interested in对……感兴趣;feel like想要;insist on坚持;think of认为;aim at旨在;set about开始做;be used to习惯于;get down to开始做;lead to导致;devote oneself to 献身于……;look forward to 期待;stick to 坚持;pay attention to注意;give up放弃等。如: I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life. 我梦想着环球航行,过上幸福的生活。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做这件事。 I’m looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着你下一次的到来。 Because of the bad weather,they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow. 因为天气不好, 他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。 3.在以下结构中,动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词常省略。 spend…(in) doing sth花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing… 做……有困难/麻烦/问题 stop/prevent…(from) doing sth阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 There is no point/no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事毫无意义。 如:He is always busy working every day, which has made him have little time to play with his child. 他每天总是忙于工作,这使他很少有时间和他的孩子一起玩。 There is no point giving him such a good chance. 给他这样一个好机会没有意义。 4.动词-ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况 (1)动词-ing的复合结构 +动词-ing 如:His/Tom’s being late made the teacher very angry. 他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。 Would you mind my/me closing the window? 你介意我关上窗户吗? Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window? 你介意玛丽关上窗户吗? [温馨提示] 动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为:名词/名词所有格/代词(宾格)/形容词性物主代词+not doing…。如: Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry. 杰里未能按时到达,这令在场的人很生气。 (2)某些动词(短语)后面既可以跟不定式也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 ①动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,意义基本相同。如: They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest. 休息了一会儿后,他们继续讨论这项计划。 ②动词love,like,hate等词后可跟动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing形式表示经常性、习惯性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。如: I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯) 我喜欢和朋友在阳光明媚的日子里散步。 It is a pleasant day today, so I love to have a walk with my friend. (具体) 今天是个令人愉快的日子,所以我想和朋友一起散散步。 ③一些动词(短语)后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。如: He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯。 The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。 [温馨提示] 对比记忆动词的不同形式作宾语所表达的不同含义: 如:They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery. 他们停下来,看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。 They stopped working and had a rest. 他们停止工作,休息了一下。 (3)用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。 其结构如下: 主语+it++doing… 如:I found it useless/no use arguing about it. 我发现争论这件事没有用。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有什么好处吗? (4)在动词need,require,want,deserve后,若主语与其后的动词之间是被动关系时,用动词-ing形式表示被动意义,即need/require/want/deserve doing=need/require/want/deserve to be done。如: These clothes need washing.(=These clothes need to be washed.) 这些衣服需要洗。 The house requires repairing.(=The house requires to be repaired.) 这座房子需要修缮。 (5)在(be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。如: The film The Battle at Lake Changjin Ⅱ is worth seeing a second time. 《长津湖之水门桥》这部电影值得再看一次。 四、动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1.动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的、一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。如: One of his weaknesses is telling lies.(=Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.) 他的缺点之一就是说谎。 His hobby is reading books in his spare time. (=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.) 他的爱好是在业余时间读书。 2.现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形容词。如: Her performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 她的表演非常有趣, 给我们带来很多乐趣。 The trip is very exciting, and we have decided to have a similar one. 这次旅行很是激动人心, 我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。 [温馨提示] 作表语的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。 五、动词-ing形式作定语 1.动名词(短语)作定语,表示名词的属性、作用或用途,作“供……用”讲,常置于被修饰的名词前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room. 在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。 2.现在分词(短语)作定语,表示所修饰词的动作或状态,被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系,相当于一个定语从句。如: The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.(=The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.) 聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。 The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.(= The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.) 那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。 [温馨提示] 单个的现在分词作定语时,放在被修饰词前;现在分词短语作定语时,则放在被修饰词后。 六、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 1.动词-ing形式位于感官动词后,如feel,smell,listen to,hear,watch,see,notice,observe 等。如: I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。 When he passed the swimming pool, he saw someone swimming in it. 当他经过游泳池时, 他看见有人在里面游泳。 [温馨提示] 动词-ing形式与不定式在感官动词后的意义: 在see,hear,watch等感官动词后,用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行;用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行) 我听到玛丽在隔壁房间唱歌。 I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程) 昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁房间唱了一首歌。 2.动词-ing形式位于使役动词后,如have,keep,get,leave,set,make,send等。如: She couldn’t have him getting away with telling lies. 她不能让他撒了谎而不受惩罚。 Please don’t keep the little boy staying alone. 请不要让这个小男孩独自待着。 3.用于with复合结构中。如: I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪声不断,我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her, she feels nervous. 这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。 七、动词-ing形式作状语 1.作时间状语。如: Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. (=When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing.) 一听到那个消息,他禁不住大笑起来。 2.作原因状语。如: Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come over.(=As I don’t know her address, I had better telephone her to come over.) 由于不知道她的地址,我还是打电话让她过来为好。 3.作条件状语。如: Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.(=If you work hard, you’ll surely succeed.) 如果努力工作,你就一定会成功。 4.作结果状语。如: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.(=The child slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door.) 那个孩子滑倒了,他的头撞到了门上。 [温馨提示] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果,而不定式作结果状语时,常表示出乎意料的结果,有时不定式前面可以加only。如: I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现那天是星期天。 5.作让步状语。如: Having been told many times, he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.(=Although he had been told many times,he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.) 尽管被告知了很多次,他还是没把这些规定记在心上。 6.作伴随状语。如: Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.(=Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.) 莫里斯躺在草地上,长时间地望着天空。 The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branches.(=The boy sat in front of the farmhouse,and cut the branches.) 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。 7.作方式状语。如: He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 [温馨提示] 动词-ing形式作状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句,但是作伴随状语及结果状语时,可转化为并列谓语。 8.现在分词作状语时的注意事项 (1)现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(having done)。 ①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用分词的一般式。如: Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时,遇到了我的一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生) ②当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式。如: Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就去把它寄出去了。(having finished是先发生的动作,went是后发生的动作) (2)现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。如: Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。 Having seen the excellent movie, he went home happily.(现在分词的主动式) 看完了这部精彩的电影,他高兴地回家了。 (3)动词-ing形式的否定式:not+v.-ing;not having+v.-ed。如: Not knowing this, he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事,所以没来。 Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。 (4)现在分词作评注性状语 有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语(垂悬结构)来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。如:generally speaking“一般来说”, judging by/from…“从……判断”,taking everything into consideration“从全局考虑”。如: Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。 【实战演练】 Ⅰ 单句填空 1.I suggest 　　　　　　(finish) it on time before the deadline.   2.　　　　　　 (shake) heads means “No” in some countries.   3.Because of his bad health, the doctor advised him to give up 　　　　　　(smoke).   4.The fruit 　　　　　　(look) fresh in his fruit stand sells well.   5.Last night, there were millions of people 　　　　　　(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.   6.There’s a note pinned to the door 　　　　　　(say) when the shop will open again.   7.His speech was so 　　　　　　(move) that most of the students couldn’t hold back their tears.   8.　　　　　　 (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.   9.　　　　　　　　 (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the wallet in the car.   10.　　　　　　 (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.   Ⅱ 语法与写作 1.I almost cried myself but I knew that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.   我差点哭了,但我知道哭和恐慌无济于事。 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 can help lower your stress and anxiety from work.   每天只需听30分钟的轻音乐就可以帮助你减轻来自工作的压力和焦虑。 3.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.   作为一名摄影师,我花了最近两年的时间记录我发现的一切事物。 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.   在过去的10年中,我多次在这个城市逗留,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。 5.　　　　　　　, I 　　　　　　　　　　　how the bird was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere 　　　　　　　　　　　?   离开房子后,我忍不住想知道那只鸟现在情况如何。它是设法找到回家的路了,还是还在某处挣扎求生? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Three　Learning About Language (Grammar) 语言精讲 1.①wrapped　②wrapped　③Wrapped　④when/as she unwrapped the box　⑤wrapped it with bandages 2.①slipped　②Slipping　③小错误;口误　④纸条　⑤滑倒　⑥下滑;退步　⑦被忘记;被忽略　⑧causing her to slip and fall hard onto the ground　 ⑨slipped quietly out of 3.①delaying　②seeking　③delayed　④turned to my parents for help without delay　⑤had been delayed 4.①when　②when　③were swimming 　④to leave　⑤was standing by the car when　⑥had just finished her homework when 语法归纳 【自主发现】 主语;定语;表语;宾语;宾语补足语;状语 【实战演练】 Ⅰ 1.finishing　2.Shaking　3.smoking　4.looking 5.watching　6.saying　7.moving　8.Finding　9.Having waited　10.Looking Ⅱ 1.crying and panicking wouldn’t help 2.Listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day/Listening to soft music for just 30 minutes every day 3.recording everything I discovered 4.Having visited several times 5.Leaving the house; couldn’t help wondering; struggling to survive 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $