2026-2027学年八年级英语上册同步语法讲解（过去进行时）-（外研版）

该初中英语讲义通过表格与分类梳理系统构建过去进行时知识体系，涵盖构成、句式结构、核心用法、时间状语及与一般过去时的对比，用表格呈现助动词搭配和when/while用法差异，清晰呈现重难点如动作持续性与时间关系的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层精练设计，30道题分基础巩固（如第1题考"was/were+doing"构成）、能力提升（如第15题when短动作打断长动作）、综合挑战（如第23题with always表感情色彩），通过辨析练习培养语言运用能力和逻辑思维品质，助力不同层次学生掌握，为教师精准教学提供支持。

过去进行时 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、构成 1 二、基本句式结构 1 1. 肯定句 1 2. 否定句 1 3. 一般疑问句 2 4. 特殊疑问句 2 三、核心用法 2 用法一：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 2 用法二：表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作 2 用法三：表示过去频繁发生的动作（带有感情色彩） 2 用法四：用于含 when / while 的复合句中 2 四、常用的时间状语 3 五、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时（重点区分） 3 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 4 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 4 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 5 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 7 一、构成 过去进行时由 “was / were + 动词现在分词（doing）” 构成。 主语 助动词 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 was We / You / They / 复数名词 were · I was reading at 8 last night. · They were playing basketball at that time. 二、基本句式结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing + 其他. · She was watching TV at 7 yesterday. · We were having dinner when he came. 2. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + doing + 其他. 缩写：wasn’t = was not；weren’t = were not · I wasn’t sleeping when you called. · They weren’t doing their homework at that time. 3. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. · —Were you watching TV at 8 last night? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ · What were you doing at this time yesterday?（你昨天这个时候在做什么？） · Who was singing in the next room?（谁在隔壁房间唱歌？） 三、核心用法 用法一：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 强调在过去某个具体时间点正在发生或持续的动作。 · What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night?（昨晚8点你在做什么？） · I was reading a book at that time.（我当时在读书。） 用法二：表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作 强调在过去某一段时期内一直在进行的动作，不一定每时每刻都在做。 · From 2015 to 2018, he was studying in London.（2015年到2018年，他一直在伦敦学习。） · We were building a new library last winter.（去年冬天我们一直在建一个新图书馆。） 用法三：表示过去频繁发生的动作（带有感情色彩） 与 always, constantly, forever 等连用，表示过去反复发生或带有说话人情感（如赞赏、厌烦等）。 · He was always losing his keys when he was young.（他年轻时总是丢钥匙。——厌烦） · She was constantly helping others.（她总是帮助别人。——赞赏） 用法四：用于含 when / while 的复合句中 连词 接什么时态 含义 例句 when 接一般过去时（短动作） “当……的时候”，短动作打断长动作 I was watching TV when my mother came back. when 接过去进行时（长动作） “当……的时候”，两个长动作同时进行 When I was reading, he was writing. while 接过去进行时（长动作） “在……期间”，强调两个长动作同时进行 My father was reading while my mother was cooking. ⚠️ 注意：while 强调“同时进行”，从句必须用进行时；when 后可接短暂动作（一般过去时），也可接进行时。 四、常用的时间状语 标志词/短语 含义 例句 at that time / at that moment 在那时 I was sleeping at that time. at + 具体时间 + 过去时间 在……（过去具体时间点） We were having class at 8 yesterday morning. this time + 过去时间 ……的这个时候 She was cooking this time yesterday. from + 时间 + to + 时间 + 过去时间 从……到……（过去某时段） He was reading from 7 to 9 last night. when + 一般过去时从句 当……的时候（短动作打断） I was walking when I met him. while + 过去进行时从句 当……的时候（长动作同时） She sang while she was walking. all morning / all night + 过去时间 整个上午/整晚 It was raining all night yesterday. 五、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时（重点区分） 过去进行时 一般过去时 强调点 强调动作正在发生（过程） 强调动作已经发生/完成（事实） 时间状语 at this time yesterday, while, when... yesterday, last week, two days ago 例句 I was reading at 8 last night.（昨晚8点正在读） I read a book last night.（昨晚读了一本书。——读完了） 动作性质 不强调是否完成，强调“进行中” 强调动作已经完成 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. I ________ a shower at 7 o’clock yesterday morning. A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking 答案：C 解析： “at 7 o’clock yesterday morning” 是具体的过去时间点，表示“昨天早上7点正在洗澡”，用过去进行时 was taking。故选 C。 2. They ________ football on the playground when it began to rain. A. play B. played C. were playing D. are playing 答案：C 解析： “when it began to rain” 是短动作（一般过去时），主句用过去进行时表示“正在踢球时下雨了”。故选 C。 3. My mother ________ dinner while I ________ my homework at 6 p.m. yesterday. A. cooked; did B. was cooking; was doing C. cooks; do D. is cooking; am doing 答案：B 解析： “while” 表示两个长动作同时进行，主从句都用过去进行时。故选 B。 4. —What ________ you ________ at this time last Sunday? —I was visiting my grandparents. A. did; do B. are; doing C. were; doing D. do; do 答案：C 解析： “at this time last Sunday” 是过去进行时的标志词，问“你上周日这个时候在做什么？”用 were you doing。故选 C。 5. She ________ a novel from 8 to 10 last night. A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. read 答案：C 解析： “from 8 to 10 last night” 是过去某段时间，表示“昨晚8点到10点一直在读小说”，用过去进行时。故选 C。 6. When I called him, he ________ to music. A. listens B. listened C. was listening D. is listening 答案：C 解析： “when I called” 是短动作打断长动作，主句用过去进行时，表示“我给他打电话时，他正在听音乐”。故选 C。 7. We ________ a picnic at that time yesterday. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 答案：C 解析： “at that time yesterday” 是过去进行时的标志词，表示“昨天那个时候正在野餐”。故选 C。 8. The baby ________ when his mother came back home. A. sleeps B. slept C. was sleeping D. is sleeping 答案：C 解析： “when his mother came back” 是短动作（一般过去时），主句表示“正在睡觉”这个长动作，用过去进行时。故选 C。 9. My father ________ newspaper in the living room while my mother ________ in the kitchen. A. read; cooked B. was reading; was cooking C. reads; cooks D. is reading; is cooking 答案：B 解析： “while” 连接两个同时进行的过去长动作，都用过去进行时。故选 B。 10. —I called you at 8 last night, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower. A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking 答案：C 解析： 对方打电话时（过去具体时间点），我正在洗澡，表示过去正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选 C。 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. He ________ a book when the doorbell rang. He put down the book and opened the door. A. read B. was reading C. reads D. is reading 答案：B 解析： “when the doorbell rang” 是短动作，主句表示“正在看书”，用过去进行时。后文描述放下书（短动作）用一般过去时。故选 B。 12. While we ________ a maths lesson, the headmaster came in. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 答案：C 解析： “while” 后接长动作，主句“正在上数学课”用过去进行时，从句短动作 came 用一般过去时。故选 C。 13. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call at 9 last night? —Sorry, I ________ with my sister at that time. A. chatted B. chat C. was chatting D. am chatting 答案：C 解析： “at 9 last night” 是过去具体时间点，表示“正在聊天”，用过去进行时。故选 C。 14. My mother ________ the housework all morning yesterday. A. does B. did C. was doing D. is doing 答案：C 解析： “all morning yesterday” 是过去某段持续的时间，表示“昨天整个上午一直在做家务”，用过去进行时。故选 C。 15. When I ________ the classroom, some students ________ loudly. A. entered; talked B. entered; were talking C. was entering; talked D. was entering; were talking 答案：B 解析： “当我进教室时”（短动作，用一般过去时 entered），学生们“正在大声交谈”（长动作，用过去进行时 were talking）。故选 B。 16. He ________ TV at that moment. He ________ it every evening. A. watched; watched B. was watching; watched C. was watching; watches D. watched; watches 答案：B 解析： 第一空“at that moment”用过去进行时 was watching；第二空“every evening”是一般现在时标志，但结合上下文应为过去习惯（他过去每晚都看），也可用一般过去时 watched。这里选 B 最符合（过去进行时 + 一般过去时表示过去习惯）。若表示现在习惯则用 watches，但语境是过去。故选 B。 17. The students ________ chemistry experiments in the lab when the electricity went out. A. do B. did C. were doing D. are doing 答案：C 解析： “when the electricity went out”（停电是短动作），主句“正在做实验”用过去进行时。故选 C。 18. I saw Lucy in the library. She ________ a book about Chinese history. A. reads B. read C. was reading D. is reading 答案：C 解析： “saw” 是过去时，表示“我看到她时，她正在读一本关于中国历史的书”，用过去进行时。故选 C。 19. While my parents ________ newspapers, I ________ a cartoon on TV. A. read; watched B. were reading; was watching C. read; was watching D. were reading; watched 答案：B 解析： “while” 连接两个同时进行的过去长动作，都用过去进行时。故选 B。 20. The dog ________ on the floor when the thief came in. It didn’t notice anything. A. lay B. was lying C. lies D. is lying 答案：B 解析： “when the thief came in” 是短动作，主句表示“狗正躺在地板上”这个长动作，用过去进行时。故选 B。注意 lie（躺）的现在分词是 lying。 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. I ________ a shower when you ________ me last night. That’s why I didn’t answer. A. took; called B. was taking; were calling C. was taking; called D. took; were calling 答案：C 解析： 我正在洗澡（长动作，过去进行时），你打电话（短动作，一般过去时）。短动作打断长动作，故选 C。 22. —Did you see the traffic accident yesterday? —No. I ________ along the street when it ________. A. walked; happened B. was walking; happened C. walked; was happening D. was walking; was happening 答案：B 解析： 我正在街上走（长动作，过去进行时），事故发生了（短动作，一般过去时）。短动作用一般过去时 happened。故选 B。 23. He ________ always ________ silly questions in class when he was a student. A. /; asked B. was; asking C. is; asking D. /; asks 答案：B 解析： “was always asking” 表示过去反复发生的动作，带有“厌烦”的感情色彩。句意“他上学时总是在课堂上问愚蠢的问题”。故选 B。 24. While she ________ the piano, her little brother ________ in and shouted. A. played; came B. was playing; came C. played; was coming D. was playing; was coming 答案：B 解析： 她在弹钢琴（长动作，过去进行时），弟弟闯进来（短动作，一般过去时 came）。come in 是短动作，不用进行时。故选 B。 25. —I called you at 7 last night, but you didn’t pick up. —Oh, I ________ a bath. I ________ the phone at that time. A. had; didn’t hear B. was having; didn’t hear C. had; wasn’t hearing D. was having; wasn’t hearing 答案：B 解析： 我在洗澡（长动作，过去进行时）；“没有听到电话”是过去发生的事实，用一般过去时 didn’t hear。hear 是感官动词，一般不用于进行时。故选 B。 26. The teacher ________ the blackboard while some students ________ in the classroom. A. cleaned; talked B. was cleaning; talked C. cleaned; were talking D. was cleaning; were talking 答案：D 解析： “while” 连接两个同时进行的动作，都用过去进行时。老师在擦黑板，同时学生在交谈。故选 D。 27. When I ________ the station, I ________ that I had left my ticket at home. A. reached; realized B. was reaching; realized C. reached; was realizing D. was reaching; was realizing 答案：A 解析： “到达车站”和“意识到”都是过去的短动作，用一般过去时。realize 一般不用于进行时。故选 A。 28. It ________ heavily when we ________ the top of the mountain. We got wet all over. A. rained; reached B. was raining; reached C. rained; were reaching D. was raining; were reaching 答案：B 解析： 到达山顶时（短动作，一般过去时 reached），天正在下大雨（长动作，过去进行时 was raining）。故选 B。 29. —Where were you at 8 last night? —I ________ in the library. I ________ for the English test. A. studied; prepared B. was studying; prepared C. studied; was preparing D. was studying; was preparing 答案：D 解析： “at 8 last night” 是过去具体时间点，我“正在图书馆学习”；“正在为英语测试做准备”也是同时进行的动作，都用过去进行时。故选 D。 30. While my mother ________ the clothes, my father ________ the floor. A. washed; mopped B. was washing; was mopping C. washed; was mopping D. was washing; mopped 答案：B 解析： “while” 连接两个同时进行的过去长动作，都用过去进行时。妈妈洗衣服，爸爸拖地，同时进行。故选 B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 过去进行时 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、构成 1 二、基本句式结构 1 1. 肯定句 2 2. 否定句 2 3. 一般疑问句 2 4. 特殊疑问句 2 三、核心用法 2 用法一：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 2 用法二：表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作 2 用法三：表示过去频繁发生的动作（带有感情色彩） 2 用法四：用于含 when / while 的复合句中 3 四、常用的时间状语 3 五、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时（重点区分） 3 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 4 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 4 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 4 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 5 一、构成 过去进行时由 “was / were + 动词现在分词（doing）” 构成。 主语 助动词 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 was We / You / They / 复数名词 were · I was reading at 8 last night. · They were playing basketball at that time. 二、基本句式结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing + 其他. · She was watching TV at 7 yesterday. · We were having dinner when he came. 2. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + doing + 其他. 缩写：wasn’t = was not；weren’t = were not · I wasn’t sleeping when you called. · They weren’t doing their homework at that time. 3. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. · —Were you watching TV at 8 last night? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ · What were you doing at this time yesterday?（你昨天这个时候在做什么？） · Who was singing in the next room?（谁在隔壁房间唱歌？） 三、核心用法 用法一：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 强调在过去某个具体时间点正在发生或持续的动作。 · What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night?（昨晚8点你在做什么？） · I was reading a book at that time.（我当时在读书。） 用法二：表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作 强调在过去某一段时期内一直在进行的动作，不一定每时每刻都在做。 · From 2015 to 2018, he was studying in London.（2015年到2018年，他一直在伦敦学习。） · We were building a new library last winter.（去年冬天我们一直在建一个新图书馆。） 用法三：表示过去频繁发生的动作（带有感情色彩） 与 always, constantly, forever 等连用，表示过去反复发生或带有说话人情感（如赞赏、厌烦等）。 · He was always losing his keys when he was young.（他年轻时总是丢钥匙。——厌烦） · She was constantly helping others.（她总是帮助别人。——赞赏） 用法四：用于含 when / while 的复合句中 连词 接什么时态 含义 例句 when 接一般过去时（短动作） “当……的时候”，短动作打断长动作 I was watching TV when my mother came back. when 接过去进行时（长动作） “当……的时候”，两个长动作同时进行 When I was reading, he was writing. while 接过去进行时（长动作） “在……期间”，强调两个长动作同时进行 My father was reading while my mother was cooking. ⚠️ 注意：while 强调“同时进行”，从句必须用进行时；when 后可接短暂动作（一般过去时），也可接进行时。 四、常用的时间状语 标志词/短语 含义 例句 at that time / at that moment 在那时 I was sleeping at that time. at + 具体时间 + 过去时间 在……（过去具体时间点） We were having class at 8 yesterday morning. this time + 过去时间 ……的这个时候 She was cooking this time yesterday. from + 时间 + to + 时间 + 过去时间 从……到……（过去某时段） He was reading from 7 to 9 last night. when + 一般过去时从句 当……的时候（短动作打断） I was walking when I met him. while + 过去进行时从句 当……的时候（长动作同时） She sang while she was walking. all morning / all night + 过去时间 整个上午/整晚 It was raining all night yesterday. 五、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时（重点区分） 过去进行时 一般过去时 强调点 强调动作正在发生（过程） 强调动作已经发生/完成（事实） 时间状语 at this time yesterday, while, when... yesterday, last week, two days ago 例句 I was reading at 8 last night.（昨晚8点正在读） I read a book last night.（昨晚读了一本书。——读完了） 动作性质 不强调是否完成，强调“进行中” 强调动作已经完成 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. I ________ a shower at 7 o’clock yesterday morning. A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking 2. They ________ football on the playground when it began to rain. A. play B. played C. were playing D. are playing 3. My mother ________ dinner while I ________ my homework at 6 p.m. yesterday. A. cooked; did B. was cooking; was doing C. cooks; do D. is cooking; am doing 4. —What ________ you ________ at this time last Sunday? —I was visiting my grandparents. A. did; do B. are; doing C. were; doing D. do; do 5. She ________ a novel from 8 to 10 last night. A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. read 6. When I called him, he ________ to music. A. listens B. listened C. was listening D. is listening 7. We ________ a picnic at that time yesterday. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 8. The baby ________ when his mother came back home. A. sleeps B. slept C. was sleeping D. is sleeping 9. My father ________ newspaper in the living room while my mother ________ in the kitchen. A. read; cooked B. was reading; was cooking C. reads; cooks D. is reading; is cooking 10. —I called you at 8 last night, but nobody answered. —Oh, I ________ a shower. A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. He ________ a book when the doorbell rang. He put down the book and opened the door. A. read B. was reading C. reads D. is reading 12. While we ________ a maths lesson, the headmaster came in. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 13. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call at 9 last night? —Sorry, I ________ with my sister at that time. A. chatted B. chat C. was chatting D. am chatting 14. My mother ________ the housework all morning yesterday. A. does B. did C. was doing D. is doing 15. When I ________ the classroom, some students ________ loudly. A. entered; talked B. entered; were talking C. was entering; talked D. was entering; were talking 16. He ________ TV at that moment. He ________ it every evening. A. watched; watched B. was watching; watched C. was watching; watches D. watched; watches 17. The students ________ chemistry experiments in the lab when the electricity went out. A. do B. did C. were doing D. are doing 18. I saw Lucy in the library. She ________ a book about Chinese history. A. reads B. read C. was reading D. is reading 19. While my parents ________ newspapers, I ________ a cartoon on TV. A. read; watched B. were reading; was watching C. read; was watching D. were reading; watched 20. The dog ________ on the floor when the thief came in. It didn’t notice anything. A. lay B. was lying C. lies D. is lying 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. I ________ a shower when you ________ me last night. That’s why I didn’t answer. A. took; called B. was taking; were calling C. was taking; called D. took; were calling 22. —Did you see the traffic accident yesterday? —No. I ________ along the street when it ________. A. walked; happened B. was walking; happened C. walked; was happening D. was walking; was happening 23. He ________ always ________ silly questions in class when he was a student. A. /; asked B. was; asking C. is; asking D. /; asks 24. While she ________ the piano, her little brother ________ in and shouted. A. played; came B. was playing; came C. played; was coming D. was playing; was coming 25. —I called you at 7 last night, but you didn’t pick up. —Oh, I ________ a bath. I ________ the phone at that time. A. had; didn’t hear B. was having; didn’t hear C. had; wasn’t hearing D. was having; wasn’t hearing 26. The teacher ________ the blackboard while some students ________ in the classroom. A. cleaned; talked B. was cleaning; talked C. cleaned; were talking D. was cleaning; were talking 27. When I ________ the station, I ________ that I had left my ticket at home. A. reached; realized B. was reaching; realized C. reached; was realizing D. was reaching; was realizing 28. It ________ heavily when we ________ the top of the mountain. We got wet all over. A. rained; reached B. was raining; reached C. rained; were reaching D. was raining; were reaching 29. —Where were you at 8 last night? —I ________ in the library. I ________ for the English test. A. studied; prepared B. was studying; prepared C. studied; was preparing D. was studying; was preparing 30. While my mother ________ the clothes, my father ________ the floor. A. washed; mopped B. was washing; was mopping C. washed; was mopping D. was washing; mopped 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $