内容正文:
现在完成时
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、现在完成时的构成 1
二、句型结构 1
1. 肯定句 1
2. 否定句 2
3. 一般疑问句 2
三、现在完成时的核心用法 2
用法一:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2
用法二:表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 2
四、常用标志词 2
五、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 3
六、中考分层练习题(30道) 3
第一部分:基础巩固(第1-10题) 3
第二部分:能力提升(第11-20题) 5
第三部分:综合挑战(第21-30题) 6
一、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的基本结构是 “have/has + 动词过去分词” 。
其中 have/has 是助动词,本身没有实际意义,其选择取决于主语:
主语
助动词
I / you / we / they / 复数名词
have
he / she / it / 单数人名 / 单数事物
has
动词过去分词分为两类:
· 规则变化:与动词过去式变化规则相同(如 visit→visited,carry→carried,stop→stopped)
· 不规则变化:需单独记忆(如 go→gone,see→seen,eat→eaten,have→had)
二、句型结构
1. 肯定句
主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他.
· She has finished her homework.(她已经完成了她的作业。)
· I have seen the film.(我已经看过这部电影了。)
2. 否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他.
缩写形式:haven't = have not;hasn't = has not
· I haven't finished my work yet.(我还没有完成我的工作。)
· He hasn't come yet.(他还没有来。)
3. 一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
· —Have you seen him yet?(你已经见到他了吗?)
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
三、现在完成时的核心用法
用法一:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
过去某个时间发生的动作,其结果或影响延续到现在。
· He has lost his key.(他丢了钥匙。——强调:现在他开不了门了。)
· I have seen the film. I don't want to see it again.(我看过这部电影了,不想再看了。——强调:已经了解剧情。)
常与 already、just、yet、ever、never 等副词连用。
用法二:表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态
动作从过去的某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,还可能继续下去。
· They have lived here for ten years.(他们已经在这里住了十年。——可能还会继续住下去。)
· I have studied English since 2018.(我从2018年开始学英语。)
常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点/过去时的句子 连用。
四、常用标志词
标志词
含义
用法位置
already
已经
用于肯定句,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间
just
刚刚
用于肯定句,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间
yet
还、已经
用于否定句(放在not后)和疑问句(放在句末)
ever
曾经
用于疑问句
never
从未
用于否定句
so far
到目前为止
常用于句首或句末
for
持续……
+ 时间段
since
自从……
+ 时间点 / 过去时的句子
五、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时(重点区分)
现在完成时
一般过去时
强调重点
过去动作对现在的影响/结果
仅陈述过去发生的事
时间状语
不能接具体过去时间(如 yesterday, last week)
常接明确过去时间状语
例句
I have seen this movie.(我看过这部电影。——了解剧情)
I saw this movie last week.(我上周看了这部电影。——陈述过去事实)
六、中考分层练习题(30道)
第一部分:基础巩固(第1-10题)
1. I ________ my homework. I can play outside now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish
答案:C
解析: 句意为“我已经完成了作业,现在可以出去玩了”。强调“完成作业”对现在的影响(可以出去玩),应用现在完成时。主语 I 用 have,finish 的过去分词为 finished。
2. She ________ the Great Wall twice.
A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits
答案:B
解析: “twice”(两次)常与现在完成时连用,表示到目前为止的经历。主语 She 是第三人称单数,用 has visited。
3. —________ you ever ________ to Shanghai? —No, never.
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Are; going
答案:A
解析: “ever” 常用于现在完成时的疑问句中,表示“曾经”。have been to 表示“去过(已回来)”,符合语境。have gone to 表示“去了(还没回来)”,不符合。
4. My mother isn't at home. She ________ to the supermarket.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
答案:B
解析: 句意为“妈妈不在家,她去超市了(还没回来)”。has gone to 表示“去了某地(人不在此处)”,符合语境。
5. I ________ the book yet, so I don't know the ending.
A. haven't read B. didn't read C. don't read D. won't read
答案:A
解析: “yet” 常用于现在完成时的否定句中,表示“还未”。句意为“我还没读这本书,所以不知道结局”,强调对现在的影响。
6. They ________ in this city since 2015.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
答案:C
解析: “since 2015”表示“自从2015年”,常与现在完成时连用,表示动作从过去持续到现在。主语 They 用 have lived。
7. He has ________ told me the news.
A. yet B. already C. ever D. never
答案:B
解析: 本句是肯定句,“already” 表示“已经”,用于肯定句中,放在 has 和过去分词之间。yet 用于否定句/疑问句。
8. —Have you finished your homework ________? —Not yet.
A. already B. yet C. just D. ever
答案:B
解析: 疑问句中用 “yet” 表示“已经”,放在句末。already 用于肯定句,just 表示“刚刚”,ever 表示“曾经”。
9. I ________ my pen. I can't find it anywhere.
A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose
答案:C
解析: 句意为“我把笔弄丢了,到处都找不到”。强调“丢笔”对现在的影响(现在找不到笔),应用现在完成时。
10. So far, we ________ about 2,000 English words.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn
答案:C
解析: “so far”(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志词,应用现在完成时。主语 we 用 have learned。
第二部分:能力提升(第11-20题)
11. —________ you ________ your breakfast? —Yes, I have.
A. Have; had B. Did; have C. Do; have D. Are; having
答案:A
解析: 现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为 “Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”。答语 “Yes, I have” 也提示了问句为现在完成时。have breakfast 的过去分词为 had。
12. My grandparents ________ in the countryside for over 30 years.
A. have lived B. lived C. live D. are living
答案:A
解析: “for + 时间段” 常与现在完成时连用,表示动作持续到现在。句意“我的祖父母在乡下住了30多年了”,强调持续状态。
13. I ________ this movie before, but I don't mind watching it again.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
答案:C
解析: “before” 常与现在完成时连用,表示“以前经历过”。句意为“我以前看过这部电影,但不介意再看一遍”。
14. He ________ to Beijing last month and he ________ there for three weeks.
A. went; has stayed B. has gone; stayed C. went; stayed D. has gone; has stayed
答案:A
解析: “last month”是明确的过去时间状语,用一般过去时 went。“for three weeks”表示持续的时间段,用现在完成时 has stayed。
15. —Where is Tom? —He ________ to the library. He'll be back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
答案:B
解析: Tom 不在说话现场,“has gone to” 表示“去了某地(还没回来)”,符合语境。
16. We ________ each other since we were children.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
答案:C
解析: “since + 过去时的句子” 是现在完成时的标志,表示“从……以来一直……”。句意“我们从孩提时就认识彼此了”。
17. The little girl ________ her mother for a long time.
A. has seen B. hasn't seen C. didn't see D. doesn't see
答案:B
解析: “for a long time” 表示持续的时间段,与现在完成时连用。句意应为“这个小女孩很久没见到她妈妈了”,用否定式 hasn't seen。
18. —Have you ________ been to the new museum? —No, I ________ been there.
A. ever; never B. never; ever C. ever; ever D. never; never
答案:A
解析: 疑问句用 “ever” 表示“曾经”;否定回答用 “never” 表示“从未”。句意:“——你曾经去过新博物馆吗?——不,我从没去过。”
19. I ________ my homework already. What about you?
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish
答案:C
解析: “already” 是现在完成时的标志词,用于肯定句中,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间。
20. —When ________ you ________ this book? —Two days ago.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. did; had
答案:B
解析: 回答 “Two days ago” 是明确的过去时间状语,问句应用一般过去时。“buy” 的过去式为 bought。
第三部分:综合挑战(第21-30题)
21. We ________ trees in the park since last year.
A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. are planting
答案:C
解析: “since last year” 表示“从去年开始”,是现在完成时的标志。句意“从去年开始我们就在公园种树了”。
22. —I ________ the book. It's really interesting. —Really? I want to read it too.
A. have read B. read C. am reading D. will read
答案:A
解析: 句意为“我已经读过这本书了,它真的很有趣”。强调“读过”这一经历及对现在的影响(知道书很有趣),用现在完成时。
23. She has ________ finished her project. She can have a rest now.
A. just B. yet C. ever D. never
答案:A
解析: “just” 表示“刚刚”,放在 has 和过去分词之间,强调动作刚刚完成。句意“她刚刚完成她的项目,现在可以休息了”。
24. My father ________ in this factory since he was 25.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working
答案:C
解析: “since + 过去时的句子” 是现在完成时的典型标志。句意“我父亲从25岁起就在这家工厂工作”,强调持续到现在。
25. —Is your sister at home? —No. She ________ to the cinema with her friends.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
答案:B
解析: 姐姐不在家,“has gone to” 表示“去了某地(人不在此处)”。has been to 表示“去过(已回来)”,不符合。
26. I ________ the magazine for two weeks. I must return it tomorrow.
A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. keep
答案:B
解析: “for two weeks” 表示持续的时间段,动词应用延续性动词。“borrow” 是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用;“keep” 是延续性动词,表示“持有、保留”。
27. He ________ his key. He can't open the door now.
A. lose B. lost C. has lost D. will lose
答案:C
解析: 句意为“他把钥匙丢了,现在开不了门”。强调“丢钥匙”对现在造成的影响(开不了门),用现在完成时。
28. —________ you ________ to the new teacher yet? —Not yet. I'll go later.
A. Have; talked B. Did; talk C. Do; talk D. Are; talking
答案:A
解析: “yet” 常用于现在完成时的疑问句中。“Have + 主语 + 过去分词” 为现在完成时的一般疑问句结构。
29. It's the most beautiful garden I ________ ever ________.
A. have; seen B. have; see C. did; see D. will; see
答案:A
解析: “ever” 常与现在完成时连用,表示“曾经”。句意为“这是我曾经见过的最美丽的花园”,用 have seen。
30. —I ________ a letter from my friend. —That's great! When ________ you ________ it?
A. have received; did; receive B. received; have; received
C. have received; have; received D. received; did; receive
答案:A
解析: 第一空强调“已经收到信”这一结果对现在的影响(所以觉得很好),用现在完成时 have received。第二问询问“什么时候收到的”,强调过去的具体时间点,用一般过去时 did ... receive。
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现在完成时
(语法讲解+分层精练)
目 录
一、现在完成时的构成 1
二、句型结构 1
1. 肯定句 1
2. 否定句 2
3. 一般疑问句 2
三、现在完成时的核心用法 2
用法一:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2
用法二:表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 2
四、常用标志词 2
五、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 3
六、中考分层练习题(30道) 3
第一部分:基础巩固(第1-10题) 3
第二部分:能力提升(第11-20题) 4
第三部分:综合挑战(第21-30题) 4
一、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的基本结构是 “have/has + 动词过去分词” 。
其中 have/has 是助动词,本身没有实际意义,其选择取决于主语:
主语
助动词
I / you / we / they / 复数名词
have
he / she / it / 单数人名 / 单数事物
has
动词过去分词分为两类:
· 规则变化:与动词过去式变化规则相同(如 visit→visited,carry→carried,stop→stopped)
· 不规则变化:需单独记忆(如 go→gone,see→seen,eat→eaten,have→had)
二、句型结构
1. 肯定句
主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他.
· She has finished her homework.(她已经完成了她的作业。)
· I have seen the film.(我已经看过这部电影了。)
2. 否定句
主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他.
缩写形式:haven't = have not;hasn't = has not
· I haven't finished my work yet.(我还没有完成我的工作。)
· He hasn't come yet.(他还没有来。)
3. 一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
· —Have you seen him yet?(你已经见到他了吗?)
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
三、现在完成时的核心用法
用法一:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
过去某个时间发生的动作,其结果或影响延续到现在。
· He has lost his key.(他丢了钥匙。——强调:现在他开不了门了。)
· I have seen the film. I don't want to see it again.(我看过这部电影了,不想再看了。——强调:已经了解剧情。)
常与 already、just、yet、ever、never 等副词连用。
用法二:表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态
动作从过去的某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,还可能继续下去。
· They have lived here for ten years.(他们已经在这里住了十年。——可能还会继续住下去。)
· I have studied English since 2018.(我从2018年开始学英语。)
常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点/过去时的句子 连用。
四、常用标志词
标志词
含义
用法位置
already
已经
用于肯定句,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间
just
刚刚
用于肯定句,放在 have/has 和过去分词之间
yet
还、已经
用于否定句(放在not后)和疑问句(放在句末)
ever
曾经
用于疑问句
never
从未
用于否定句
so far
到目前为止
常用于句首或句末
for
持续……
+ 时间段
since
自从……
+ 时间点 / 过去时的句子
五、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时(重点区分)
现在完成时
一般过去时
强调重点
过去动作对现在的影响/结果
仅陈述过去发生的事
时间状语
不能接具体过去时间(如 yesterday, last week)
常接明确过去时间状语
例句
I have seen this movie.(我看过这部电影。——了解剧情)
I saw this movie last week.(我上周看了这部电影。——陈述过去事实)
六、中考分层练习题(30道)
第一部分:基础巩固(第1-10题)
1. I ________ my homework. I can play outside now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish
2. She ________ the Great Wall twice.
A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits
3. —________ you ever ________ to Shanghai? —No, never.
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Are; going
4. My mother isn't at home. She ________ to the supermarket.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
5. I ________ the book yet, so I don't know the ending.
A. haven't read B. didn't read C. don't read D. won't read
6. They ________ in this city since 2015.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
7. He has ________ told me the news.
A. yet B. already C. ever D. never
8. —Have you finished your homework ________? —Not yet.
A. already B. yet C. just D. ever
9. I ________ my pen. I can't find it anywhere.
A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose
10. So far, we ________ about 2,000 English words.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn
第二部分:能力提升(第11-20题)
11. —________ you ________ your breakfast? —Yes, I have.
A. Have; had B. Did; have C. Do; have D. Are; having
12. My grandparents ________ in the countryside for over 30 years.
A. have lived B. lived C. live D. are living
13. I ________ this movie before, but I don't mind watching it again.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
14. He ________ to Beijing last month and he ________ there for three weeks.
A. went; has stayed B. has gone; stayed C. went; stayed D. has gone; has stayed
15. —Where is Tom? —He ________ to the library. He'll be back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
16. We ________ each other since we were children.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
17. The little girl ________ her mother for a long time.
A. has seen B. hasn't seen C. didn't see D. doesn't see
18. —Have you ________ been to the new museum? —No, I ________ been there.
A. ever; never B. never; ever C. ever; ever D. never; never
19. I ________ my homework already. What about you?
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish
20. —When ________ you ________ this book? —Two days ago.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. did; had
第三部分:综合挑战(第21-30题)
21. We ________ trees in the park since last year.
A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. are planting
22. —I ________ the book. It's really interesting. —Really? I want to read it too.
A. have read B. read C. am reading D. will read
23. She has ________ finished her project. She can have a rest now.
A. just B. yet C. ever D. never
24. My father ________ in this factory since he was 25.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working
25. —Is your sister at home? —No. She ________ to the cinema with her friends.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
26. I ________ the magazine for two weeks. I must return it tomorrow.
A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. keep
27. He ________ his key. He can't open the door now.
A. lose B. lost C. has lost D. will lose
28. —________ you ________ to the new teacher yet? —Not yet. I'll go later.
A. Have; talked B. Did; talk C. Do; talk D. Are; talking
29. It's the most beautiful garden I ________ ever ________.
A. have; seen B. have; see C. did; see D. will; see
30. —I ________ a letter from my friend. —That's great! When ________ you ________ it?
A. have received; did; receive B. received; have; received
C. have received; have; received D. received; did; receive
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