2026-2027学年八年级英语上册同步语法讲解（动词不定式作宾语补足语）-（外研版）

该初中英语讲义以“动词不定式作宾语补足语”为核心，通过目录分模块构建知识体系，用表格归纳带to/不带to的动词及用法，速记表总结被动还原to等难点，清晰呈现语法要点的内在联系与中考高频考点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层精练设计，30道题分基础巩固（如“ask sb. to do”填空）、能力提升（如感官动词do/doing辨析）、综合挑战（如被动语态to还原），结合“主动省to被动还原”口诀培养语言能力与思维品质，助力不同层次学生掌握，为教师提供精准复习教学支持。

动词不定式作宾语补足语 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、什么是“宾语补足语”？ 1 二、带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 2 1. 常见动词 2 2. 否定形式（必须掌握） 2 3. 特殊动词短语（接 to do 作宾补） 2 三、不带 to 的动词不定式（动词原形）作宾语补足语 3 1. 感官动词（表示“看/听/感觉”） 3 2. 使役动词（表示“让/使”） 3 四、特殊用法（中考高频考点） 3 1. 被动语态中要还原“to” 3 2. 感官动词后接 do 与 doing 的区别 3 3. 不定式的否定形式 4 4. help 的特殊性 4 五、难点辨析总结（速记表） 4 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 4 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 4 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 6 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 8 一、什么是“宾语补足语”？ 在英语中，有些动词后面接宾语后，意思仍然不完整，还需要一个成分来补充说明宾语的身份、特征或动作，这个成分就叫 “宾语补足语（宾补）”。其基本结构为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 动词不定式（to do 或 do）是充当宾补最常见的形式之一。 · She asked me to help her.（她请求我帮助她。——me是宾语，to help her是补充说明“我”做什么。） 二、带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常见动词 这类动词的核心意思是 “嘱咐、要求、邀请、允许、教导、鼓励” 等，结构为：动词 + 宾语 + to do。 动词 含义 例句 ask 请求/要求 My mother asked me to buy some milk. tell 告诉/吩咐 The teacher told us to read the text. want 想要 I want you to help me. would like 想要 I would like you to meet my friend. teach 教 He teaches us to play basketball. wish / expect 希望/期望 We expect him to come soon. encourage 鼓励 Parents encourage children to try new things. allow 允许 They don't allow people to smoke here. warn 警告 The sign warns us not to swim here. invite 邀请 She invited me to attend the party. order 命令 The officer ordered them to stop. advise 建议 The doctor advises me to rest more. 2. 否定形式（必须掌握） 作宾语补足语的不定式，其否定形式为 not to do（在 to 前加 not）。 · The teacher told us not to be late.（老师告诉我们不要迟到。） · Please warn him not to touch the machine.（请警告他不要碰机器。） 3. 特殊动词短语（接 to do 作宾补） 除了单个动词，以下动词短语也接带 to 的不定式作宾补： 动词短语 含义 例句 would like sb. to do 想要某人做 I would like you to go with me. get sb. to do 让某人做（使役） He got his brother to carry the bag. call on sb. to do 号召某人做 The mayor called on us to save water. depend on sb. to do 依赖某人做 You can depend on him to help. ✅ 补充说明：get 虽然可归为使役动词，但它不像 make/let/have 那样省略 to，必须带 to，这是一个高频易错点！ 三、不带 to 的动词不定式（动词原形）作宾语补足语 这类动词属于 “感官动词” 和 “使役动词”，结构为：动词 + 宾语 + do（省略to）。 1. 感官动词（表示“看/听/感觉”） 结构：see / watch / hear / feel / notice + 宾语 + do（强调看到/听到全过程或经常发生）。 · I saw him enter the room.（我看见他进了房间。——强调进入的全过程） · I heard her sing a song.（我听见她唱了一首歌。——强调唱了整首） 注意： 感官动词接 doing 强调“看见/听见正在做”，接 do 强调“看见/听见全过程或经常做”。（这一点也属于特殊用法，见下文） 2. 使役动词（表示“让/使”） 结构：make / let / have + 宾语 + do（让某人做某事）。 · The boss made us work 12 hours a day.（老板让我们每天工作12小时。） · Let me carry the box for you.（让我帮你搬箱子吧。） · I will have him clean the room.（我会让他打扫房间。） ⚠️ 注意：help 后面的不定式可以带 to，也可以不带 to（help sb. (to) do），两种都正确。 四、特殊用法（中考高频考点） 1. 被动语态中要还原“to” ⭐⭐⭐ 当感官动词和使役动词（see, hear, watch, make 等）用于被动语态时，原来省略的 to 必须还原。 主动语态（省略to） 被动语态（必须加to） I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room. The teacher made us clean the room. We were made to clean the room. We heard her sing a song. She was heard to sing a song. ✅ 口诀：主动省to，被动还原to。 2. 感官动词后接 do 与 doing 的区别 ⭐⭐⭐ 结构 含义 例句 see/watch/hear + 宾语 + do 看见/听见全过程或经常做 I saw him cross the road.（我看见他过了马路。——从这边到那边，全过程） see/watch/hear + 宾语 + doing 看见/听见正在做（强调进行） I saw him crossing the road.（我看见他正在过马路。——正在路中间走着） 3. 不定式的否定形式 作宾语补足语的不定式，其否定形式为 not to do（在 to 前加 not）。 · The teacher told us not to be late.（老师告诉我们不要迟到。） · Please warn him not to touch the machine.（请警告他不要碰机器。） 4. help 的特殊性 help 后接不定式作宾补时，to 可省略也可保留，中考两种都算对。 · Can you help me (to) carry the heavy box?（你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？） 五、难点辨析总结（速记表） 类型 动词 结构 例句 带to ask, tell, want, would like, teach, wish, expect, encourage, allow, warn, invite, order, get, advise v. + sb. + to do She asked me to go. 不带to make, let, have（使役动词） see, hear, watch, feel, notice（感官动词） v. + sb. + do She made me go. I saw him go. 主动省to，被动还原to make, see, hear, watch 等（变被动时） sb. + be + to do He was seen to go. to可省略 help help sb. (to) do He helped me (to) carry it. 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. My mother asked me ________ the dishes after dinner. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed 答案：B 解析： “ask sb. to do sth.” 是固定搭配，表示“要求某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，必须带 to。故选 B。 2. The teacher made us ________ the words three times. A. copy B. to copy C. copying D. copied 答案：A 解析： 使役动词 “make” 后接宾语补足语时，要用不带 to 的不定式，即 make sb. do。故选 A（copy）。 3. I saw him ________ into the classroom just now. A. to come B. came C. come D. coming 答案：C 解析： 感官动词 “saw” 后接宾语补足语，强调看到“进入”的全过程，用 see sb. do。just now 表示刚才发生的完整动作，故选 C。若选 D（coming）则强调“正在进来”，但 just now 通常接全过程。 4. Our teacher often tells us ________ in the hallway. A. not run B. not to run C. to not run D. don't run 答案：B 解析： “tell sb. not to do” 是固定结构，不定式的否定形式在 to 前加 not。故选 B。 5. Let me ________ you around our beautiful school. A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed 答案：A 解析： 使役动词 “let” 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 let sb. do。故选 A。 6. My parents encourage me ________ more books in my free time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 答案：B 解析： “encourage sb. to do sth.” 表示“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式带 to 作宾补。故选 B。 7. I often hear her ________ English songs in the morning. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 答案：A 解析： “often” 表示经常发生的动作，感官动词 “hear” 接 do 表示听到全过程或经常听到。故选 A（sing）。 8. The policeman warned the children ________ football on the street. A. not play B. not to play C. don't play D. not playing 答案：B 解析： “warn sb. not to do” 表示“警告某人不要做某事”，不定式作宾补，否定为 not to do。故选 B。 9. Would you like me ________ you with your English? A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 答案：C 解析： “would like sb. to do” 表示“想要某人做某事”，带 to 的不定式作宾补。故选 C。 10. The heavy rain caused us ________ the trip. A. cancel B. to cancel C. cancelling D. cancelled 答案：B 解析： “cause” 意为“导致”，后面接带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 cause sb. to do，表示“导致某人做某事”。故选 B。 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. I noticed a young man ________ into the shop and steal a phone. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 答案：A 解析： “notice” 是感官动词，接 do 强调看到动作的全过程。后面“偷手机”是连续动作，用 go 和 steal 并列，强调完整事件。故选 A。 12. When I passed by, I saw some boys ________ basketball on the playground. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 答案：C 解析： “When I passed by”（当我路过时）强调在那一瞬间看到“正在打篮球”，感官动词后接 doing 表示看见正在进行的动作。故选 C。 13. The boss always has his workers ________ from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 答案：A 解析： 使役动词 “have” 表示“让”，后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 have sb. do。故选 A。 14. He is very shy. We should encourage him ________ more confident. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 答案：B 解析： “encourage sb. to do” 表示“鼓励某人做某事”。be 动词作不定式用 to be。故选 B。 15. I don't allow my son ________ computer games for more than an hour. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 答案：B 解析： “allow sb. to do” 表示“允许某人做某事”，带 to 的不定式作宾补。故选 B。 16. The manager got his assistant ________ the report before 5 p.m. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 答案：B 解析： “get sb. to do” 表示“让某人做某事”，注意 get 是特殊的使役动词，必须加 to。故选 B。 17. My father asked me ________, but I refused. A. not to smoke B. to not smoke C. don't smoke D. not smoking 答案：A 解析： “ask sb. not to do” 表示“请求某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定形式为 not to do。故选 A。 18. I heard her ________ the piano when I walked past her room. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 答案：C 解析： “when I walked past” 强调在路过的那一刻“正在弹钢琴”，感官动词后接 doing 表示正在进行的动作。故选 C。 19. The teacher had us ________ a composition about our summer holiday. A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote 答案：A 解析： 使役动词 “have” 后接不带 to 的不定式，即 have sb. do，表示“让某人做某事”。故选 A。 20. We invited Professor Wang ________ a speech at our school. A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave 答案：B 解析： “invite sb. to do” 表示“邀请某人做某事”，带 to 的不定式作宾补。故选 B。 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. The boy was seen ________ the window yesterday afternoon. A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broke 答案：B 解析： 感官动词 “see” 用于被动语态时，原来省略的 to 必须还原。主动为 “saw him break”，被动为 “was seen to break”。故选 B。 22. The students were made ________ the classroom before they went home. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 答案：B 解析： 使役动词 “make” 用于被动语态时，原来省略的 to 必须还原。主动为 “made us clean”，被动为 “were made to clean”。故选 B。 23. Could you help me ________ this heavy box to the second floor? A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. both A and B 答案：D 解析： “help” 后接不定式作宾补时，to 可以省略也可以保留，即 help sb. (to) do，两种都正确。故选 D。 24. I didn't see anyone ________ the building, but the door was open. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 答案：A 解析： “didn't see” 强调“没有看到进入的全过程”，感官动词接 do 表示看见全过程。此处是完整的一次动作，故选 A。 25. She was heard ________ a beautiful song at the party last night. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 答案：B 解析： 感官动词 “hear” 用于被动语态时，原来的 to 必须还原。主动为 “heard her sing”，被动为 “was heard to sing”。故选 B。 26. My parents always advise me ________ too much time on computer games. A. not spend B. not to spend C. don't spend D. to not spend 答案：B 解析： “advise sb. not to do” 表示“建议某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定形式为 not to do。故选 B。 27. Don't make the little baby ________ too long. He will get tired. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 答案：A 解析： 使役动词 “make” 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，即 make sb. do。祈使句否定式不影响结构。故选 A。 28. I will get my brother ________ the tickets for the concert. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 答案：B 解析： “get” 作“使/让”讲时，必须接带 to 的不定式，即 get sb. to do。故选 B。 29. The teacher told us ________ the answers in the textbook directly. A. not copy B. not to copy C. don't copy D. to not copy 答案：B 解析： “tell sb. not to do” 表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，不定式否定形式为 not to do。故选 B。 30. —Did you notice him ________ the room? —Yes. He took his bag and left. A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left 答案：A 解析： 答语 “He took his bag and left.” 描述的是完整的离开过程，强调看到了全过程。感官动词 “notice” 后接 do 表示看到全过程，不强调进行。故选 A。若选 C（leaving）则强调“正在离开”，与答语描述不符。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 动词不定式作宾语补足语 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、什么是“宾语补足语”？ 1 二、带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 2 1. 常见动词 2 2. 否定形式（必须掌握） 2 3. 特殊动词短语（接 to do 作宾补） 2 三、不带 to 的动词不定式（动词原形）作宾语补足语 3 1. 感官动词（表示“看/听/感觉”） 3 2. 使役动词（表示“让/使”） 3 四、特殊用法（中考高频考点） 3 1. 被动语态中要还原“to” 3 2. 感官动词后接 do 与 doing 的区别 3 3. 不定式的否定形式 4 4. help 的特殊性 4 五、难点辨析总结（速记表） 4 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 4 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 4 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 5 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 6 一、什么是“宾语补足语”？ 在英语中，有些动词后面接宾语后，意思仍然不完整，还需要一个成分来补充说明宾语的身份、特征或动作，这个成分就叫 “宾语补足语（宾补）”。其基本结构为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 动词不定式（to do 或 do）是充当宾补最常见的形式之一。 · She asked me to help her.（她请求我帮助她。——me是宾语，to help her是补充说明“我”做什么。） 二、带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常见动词 这类动词的核心意思是 “嘱咐、要求、邀请、允许、教导、鼓励” 等，结构为：动词 + 宾语 + to do。 动词 含义 例句 ask 请求/要求 My mother asked me to buy some milk. tell 告诉/吩咐 The teacher told us to read the text. want 想要 I want you to help me. would like 想要 I would like you to meet my friend. teach 教 He teaches us to play basketball. wish / expect 希望/期望 We expect him to come soon. encourage 鼓励 Parents encourage children to try new things. allow 允许 They don't allow people to smoke here. warn 警告 The sign warns us not to swim here. invite 邀请 She invited me to attend the party. order 命令 The officer ordered them to stop. advise 建议 The doctor advises me to rest more. 2. 否定形式（必须掌握） 作宾语补足语的不定式，其否定形式为 not to do（在 to 前加 not）。 · The teacher told us not to be late.（老师告诉我们不要迟到。） · Please warn him not to touch the machine.（请警告他不要碰机器。） 3. 特殊动词短语（接 to do 作宾补） 除了单个动词，以下动词短语也接带 to 的不定式作宾补： 动词短语 含义 例句 would like sb. to do 想要某人做 I would like you to go with me. get sb. to do 让某人做（使役） He got his brother to carry the bag. call on sb. to do 号召某人做 The mayor called on us to save water. depend on sb. to do 依赖某人做 You can depend on him to help. ✅ 补充说明：get 虽然可归为使役动词，但它不像 make/let/have 那样省略 to，必须带 to，这是一个高频易错点！ 三、不带 to 的动词不定式（动词原形）作宾语补足语 这类动词属于 “感官动词” 和 “使役动词”，结构为：动词 + 宾语 + do（省略to）。 1. 感官动词（表示“看/听/感觉”） 结构：see / watch / hear / feel / notice + 宾语 + do（强调看到/听到全过程或经常发生）。 · I saw him enter the room.（我看见他进了房间。——强调进入的全过程） · I heard her sing a song.（我听见她唱了一首歌。——强调唱了整首） 注意： 感官动词接 doing 强调“看见/听见正在做”，接 do 强调“看见/听见全过程或经常做”。（这一点也属于特殊用法，见下文） 2. 使役动词（表示“让/使”） 结构：make / let / have + 宾语 + do（让某人做某事）。 · The boss made us work 12 hours a day.（老板让我们每天工作12小时。） · Let me carry the box for you.（让我帮你搬箱子吧。） · I will have him clean the room.（我会让他打扫房间。） ⚠️ 注意：help 后面的不定式可以带 to，也可以不带 to（help sb. (to) do），两种都正确。 四、特殊用法（中考高频考点） 1. 被动语态中要还原“to” ⭐⭐⭐ 当感官动词和使役动词（see, hear, watch, make 等）用于被动语态时，原来省略的 to 必须还原。 主动语态（省略to） 被动语态（必须加to） I saw him enter the room. He was seen to enter the room. The teacher made us clean the room. We were made to clean the room. We heard her sing a song. She was heard to sing a song. ✅ 口诀：主动省to，被动还原to。 2. 感官动词后接 do 与 doing 的区别 ⭐⭐⭐ 结构 含义 例句 see/watch/hear + 宾语 + do 看见/听见全过程或经常做 I saw him cross the road.（我看见他过了马路。——从这边到那边，全过程） see/watch/hear + 宾语 + doing 看见/听见正在做（强调进行） I saw him crossing the road.（我看见他正在过马路。——正在路中间走着） 3. 不定式的否定形式 作宾语补足语的不定式，其否定形式为 not to do（在 to 前加 not）。 · The teacher told us not to be late.（老师告诉我们不要迟到。） · Please warn him not to touch the machine.（请警告他不要碰机器。） 4. help 的特殊性 help 后接不定式作宾补时，to 可省略也可保留，中考两种都算对。 · Can you help me (to) carry the heavy box?（你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？） 五、难点辨析总结（速记表） 类型 动词 结构 例句 带to ask, tell, want, would like, teach, wish, expect, encourage, allow, warn, invite, order, get, advise v. + sb. + to do She asked me to go. 不带to make, let, have（使役动词） see, hear, watch, feel, notice（感官动词） v. + sb. + do She made me go. I saw him go. 主动省to，被动还原to make, see, hear, watch 等（变被动时） sb. + be + to do He was seen to go. to可省略 help help sb. (to) do He helped me (to) carry it. 六、中考分层练习题（30道） 第一部分：基础巩固（第1-10题） 1. My mother asked me ________ the dishes after dinner. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed 2. The teacher made us ________ the words three times. A. copy B. to copy C. copying D. copied 3. I saw him ________ into the classroom just now. A. to come B. came C. come D. coming 4. Our teacher often tells us ________ in the hallway. A. not run B. not to run C. to not run D. don't run 5. Let me ________ you around our beautiful school. A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed 6. My parents encourage me ________ more books in my free time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 7. I often hear her ________ English songs in the morning. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 8. The policeman warned the children ________ football on the street. A. not play B. not to play C. don't play D. not playing 9. Would you like me ________ you with your English? A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 10. The heavy rain caused us ________ the trip. A. cancel B. to cancel C. cancelling D. cancelled 第二部分：能力提升（第11-20题） 11. I noticed a young man ________ into the shop and steal a phone. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 12. When I passed by, I saw some boys ________ basketball on the playground. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 13. The boss always has his workers ________ from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 14. He is very shy. We should encourage him ________ more confident. A. be B. to be C. being D. been 15. I don't allow my son ________ computer games for more than an hour. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 16. The manager got his assistant ________ the report before 5 p.m. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 17. My father asked me ________, but I refused. A. not to smoke B. to not smoke C. don't smoke D. not smoking 18. I heard her ________ the piano when I walked past her room. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 19. The teacher had us ________ a composition about our summer holiday. A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote 20. We invited Professor Wang ________ a speech at our school. A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave 第三部分：综合挑战（第21-30题） 21. The boy was seen ________ the window yesterday afternoon. A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broke 22. The students were made ________ the classroom before they went home. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 23. Could you help me ________ this heavy box to the second floor? A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. both A and B 24. I didn't see anyone ________ the building, but the door was open. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered 25. She was heard ________ a beautiful song at the party last night. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 26. My parents always advise me ________ too much time on computer games. A. not spend B. not to spend C. don't spend D. to not spend 27. Don't make the little baby ________ too long. He will get tired. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 28. I will get my brother ________ the tickets for the concert. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 29. The teacher told us ________ the answers in the textbook directly. A. not copy B. not to copy C. don't copy D. to not copy 30. —Did you notice him ________ the room? —Yes. He took his bag and left. A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $