专题25 名词（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦名词专题，系统涵盖分类及句法功能、数、格、后缀四大核心考点，通过知识脑图搭建体系，考点分知识点深研，如名词的规则/不规则变化、不可数名词具体化等内容。 清单采用分层突破设计，如“名词的数”配口诀助记（如“小偷妻子切面包”记忆f/fe变v+es）和易错提醒，精选高考真题、名校模拟及原创语填，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设即时训练附解析，助力学生自主巩固，教师可据此精准指导，提升备考效率。

专题25 名词（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 名词的分类及句法功能 知识点1 名词的分类 知识点2 名词的句法功能 考点二 名词的数 知识点1 规则变化 知识点2 不规则变化 知识点3 不可数名词 考点三 名词的格 知识点1 -'s所有格 知识点2 of所有格 知识点3 双重所有格 考点四 名词后缀 知识点1 动词转化为名词 知识点2 形容词转化为名词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（名词） 名校模拟（名词） 原创语填（西班牙世界杯夺冠） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 名词的分类及句法功能 知识点1 名词的分类 1． 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词称为名词。名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是一类人或东西，或是一个抽象概念的名词。专有名词是某个/些人、地方、机构等专有的名称。 知识点2名词的句法功能 1．单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。 2．不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。 3. 物质名词前有定语修饰时，前面要使用冠词。 名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、同位语、状语、定语、称呼语等。 考点二 名词的数 知识点1 知识点1 规则变化 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 1. 改-f或-fe为v, 再加-es： 口诀：小偷（thief）妻子（wife）切面包，半片树叶（leaf）当作刀（knife），狼（wolf）保己命架（shelf）后藏 2. 以f结尾的名词，直接加-s 口诀：海湾（gulf）边、屋顶（roof）上，首领（chief）奴仆（serf）两相望，谁说他们无信仰（belief），证据（proof）写在手帕（handkerchief）上。 3. 这些以o结尾的名词复数加es，其他加-s： 口诀：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）爱吃土豆（potato）西红柿（tomato） 知识点2 不规则变化 1. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer鹿, fish鱼, sheep绵阳, means方法, series系列, aircraft飞机, species物种,works工厂，作品 Chinese中国人, Japanese日本人, Swiss瑞士人 变局部元音 goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women；mouse-mice 词尾-on变-a phenomenon-phenomena现象，criterion-criteria标准 词尾加-(r)en child-children孩子, ox-oxen公牛 词尾-um变成-a datum-data数据, medium-media媒体 -sis变为-ses crisis-crises危机, diagnosis-diagnoses诊断, analysis-analyses分析 2. 只有复数形式的名词，有两个相同部分组成的物品 trousers 裤子 jeans 牛仔裤 stockings 长筒袜 pants 长裤 glasses 眼镜 slippers 拖鞋 shorts 短裤 scissors 剪刀 boots 靴子 3. 以ings结尾的复数名词 belongings所属物 greetings问候语 sufferings受难 savings节省下来的东西 earnings挣来的钱 winnings 奖金 findings研究发现 surroundings周围的环境 4. 合成名词的复数形式 有主体名词，在该名词后加-s passer-by→passers-by过路人, looker-on→lookers-on旁观者 无主体名词，则在词尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups成人, go-between→go-betweens中间人 5. man/woman复数形式将a变为e，但下列名词直接在词尾加-s： man→men男人 woman→women女人 German→Germans德国人 Roman→Romans罗马人 human→humans人类 1.名词作定语，一般用单数:如，two girl students两名女生; 2.用复数作定语的名词有: goods trains货车; sports meet 运动会; customs officer海关人员 3. man/woman作定语，和被修饰名词同时变复数：two women doctors 。 4.表示"某国人”记忆口诀:中日不变英法变，其余-s加后边。 Chinese→Chinese中国人, Japanese→Japanese日本人； Englishman→Englishmen英国人，Frenchman→Frenchmen法国人, American→Americans美国人, Arabian→Arabians阿拉伯人。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________ (wife) return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them. 2. On __________(teacher) Day, two _________(editor-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five _________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose) and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth). 3.city _____ zoo _____ country_____ tooth _____ mouse _____ boy _____ broom _____ car _____ tree _____ horse _____ bus _____ fox _____ branch _____ baby _____ family _____ dish _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ man _____ woman _____ child _____ foot _____ this _____ watch _____ diary _____ day _____ book _____ dress _____ sheep _____ tea _____ box _____ strawberry _____ peach _____ sandwich _____ paper _____ juice _____ water _____ milk _____ rice _____ people _____ CD _____ ox _____ deer _____ fish _____ Roman _____ 【参考答案】 1. months, heroes, thieves, potatoes, tomatoes, zoos; wives; boxes, photos, brushes 2. Teachers’, editors-in-chief, men teachers, women doctors, children; sheep, deer, oxen, geese, mice, feet, teeth 3. cities zoos countries teeth mice// boys brooms cars trees horses// buses foxes branches babies families // dishes radios photos pianos knives//  leaves lives thieves men women// children feet these watches diaries // days books dresses sheep teas// boxes strawberries peaches sandwiches papers// juice water milk rice people// CDs oxen deer fish Romans   知识点3 不可数名词 1.抽象类名词（表示状态、情感、品质等） advice建议 a piece of advice一条建议 information信息 plenty of information一些信息 knowledge知识 gain knowledge获取知识 happiness幸福 the happiness of children孩子们的幸福 courage勇气 show courage in danger在危险中展现勇气 success成功 achieve great success取得巨大成功 failure失败 experience failure经历失败 progress进步 make progress in study在学习上进步 weather天气 pleasant weather愉快天气 2.物质类名词表示无法分割的物质或材料 water水 a glass of water一杯水 milk牛奶 a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 meat肉 some meat一些肉 butter黄油 a spoon of butter一勺黄油 wood木头 a piece of wood一块木头 3.自然现象名词 weather天气 good weather好天气 snow雪 heavy snow大雪 rain雨 light rain小雨 wind风 strong wind大风 fog雾 thick fog浓雾 4.总称类名词 clothing服装 a piece of clothing一件衣服 furniture家具 a set of furniture一套家具 equipment设备 advanced equipment先进设备 luggage/baggage行李 heavy luggage沉重的行李 jewellery珠宝 expensive jewelry昂贵的珠宝 1. 不可数名词没有复数形式。 2. 不可数名词前面不能有不定冠词a或an。 3. fish指鱼的种类时，加-es；指鱼的条数时，单复数相同；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。 4. work工作，不可数--works作品，可数; paper 纸张，不可数--papers试卷/文件，可数 知识点4抽象名词具体化用法 1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有： 单词 抽象意义 具体化意义 单词 抽象意义 具体化意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 It’s an honor to be invited to speak here. 被邀请在此发言是我的荣幸。 Climbing Mount Everest was a terrifying but exciting experience. 攀登珠峰是一次既惊险又刺激的经历。 2.物质名词具体化 物质名词通常为不可数名词，但在特定语境中表示“具体的一份、一件或一种”，此时变为可数名词，可被冠词a/an修饰，有单复数形式。 She ordered a tea and a cake. 她点了一杯茶和一块蛋糕。 The waiter brought three juices to the table. 服务员给桌上送来了三杯果汁。 部分物质名词也有复数形式但是意义不同： arm胳膊--arms武器；wood木头--woods树林；water 水--waters 水域； rain 雨--rains 雨季；grass草--grasses 草原；cloth布--clothes 衣服； time时间--times 时代;次数；line线路--lines台词；paper纸--papers 论文，试卷； iron铁--irons熨斗；wind--winds风向;季风；fruit水果--fruits多种水果 【跟踪训练1】单句改错。均有一处错误请划线并纠正过来。 1. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 2.(2016全国II卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 3. (2016四川卷)Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. 4.(2015全国I卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 5. (2011全国I卷）It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 【参考答案】 1.informations改为information 2.knowledges改为knowledge 3.houseworks改为housework 4.airs改为air 5. luggages改为luggage。 【即时训练2】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）His situation was great shock to us all. 1. a 【解析】句意：他的情况对我们所有人来说都是一大冲击。此处泛指“一大冲击”，且great以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It is really great pleasure to work together with so many excellent partners. 2. a 【解析】句意：能和这么多优秀的伙伴一起工作，真是一件乐事。pleasure在此为可数名词，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，great是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Helping others in need is meaningful experience that warms both givers and receivers. 3. a 【解析】句意：帮助困境中的人是一段有意义的经历，温暖付出者与收获者。experience表示“经历”，是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，meaningful以辅音音素开头，用a。 4．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The campaign used unique strategy, featuring large screens, exhibitions, and online videos. 4. a 【解析】句意：该活动采用了一种独特的策略，以大型屏幕、展览和在线视频为特色。根据“unique strategy”可知，此处需要用不定冠词表示泛指“一种策略”。unique以辅音音素开头，故用a。 5．（25-26高三·全国·一轮复习）By participating in local festivals, tourists gain insights into traditional practices, allowing for deeper understanding of the attractive city. 5. a 【解析】句意：通过参加当地的节日活动，游客们可以深入了解传统习俗，从而对这座迷人的城市有更深入的了解。此处泛指“一种更深入的理解”，且deeper以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 考点三 名词的格 知识点1 名词所有格的用法 1.名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。 my sister's telephone 姐姐的电话 Jones’ room琼斯的房间 Nurses’ Day护士节 Teachers’Day 教师节 Woemn’s Day 儿童节 Women’s day 妇女节 2.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。 Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms are both on the second floor. （汤姆和露西各有一个房间） 汤姆的房间和露西的房间都在二楼。 This is my father and mother’s bedroom. （爸爸和妈妈共用一个卧室） 这是我爸爸和妈妈的卧室。 3.表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 She stays at her grandparents’ during holidays. 放假期间她住在爷爷奶奶家。 Go to the chemist’s if you feel uncomfortable. 身体不舒服就去药店买药。 知识点2 名词of所有格的用法 无生命的名词常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用of所有格。 The pages of the book are yellow. （book 是无生命名词） 这本书的书页发黄了。 The opinion of the girl with glasses is worth considering. （the girl with glasses是带定语的有生命名词短语） 那个戴眼镜的女孩的观点值得考虑。 知识点3名词双重所有格的用法 双重所有格指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。 This is a friend of my father's. 这是我父亲的一位朋友。 That idea of yours is very creative. 你的那个想法很有创意。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高三·江苏·初升高衔接）Look at the two bikes. They are (Lucy and Lily). 1. Lucy’s and Lily’s 【解析】句意：看这两辆自行车，它们是露西和莉莉各自的。根据“two bikes”可知，两辆自行车分属两人所有，需要在两个人名后分别加所有格，即Lucy’s and Lily’s，作表语。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I will pick up my clothes at the (tailor) after school. 2. tailor’s 【解析】句意：放学后我要去裁缝店取衣服。the tailor’s 表示“裁缝店”，是固定用法。 3．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）It’s only (five minutes) drive from my home to school. 4. five minutes’ 【解析】考查时间名词的所有格。句意：从我家到学校只有五分钟的车程。five minutes表示 “五分钟”，是复数形式且以s结尾，所有格直接加’，故填 five minutes’。 4．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）The company is an official sponsor the World Cup, so its logo appears on the field. 5. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：该公司是世界杯的官方赞助商，因此其标志出现在了赛场之上。此处sponsor与the World Cup为所属关系，用of表示名词所有格形式，故填of。 5．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Li Ziqi, one of the most popular influencers in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (world) attention from home and abroad. 6. world’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：李子柒，中国最受欢迎的网红之一，在阔别三年后戏剧性地回归社交媒体，吸引了国内外的关注。空处修饰名词attention，应用名词所有格world’s。故填world’s。 6．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）The (children) toys were scattered all over the floor, making the room look messy. 7. children’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：孩子们的玩具散落在地板上，使得房间看起来乱糟糟的。这里表示“孩子们的”玩具，children是child的复数形式，其所有格形式是在词尾加“’s”，即children’s，用来修饰名词toys，表明玩具的所属关系。故填children’s。 7．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）We were deeply moved by the (hero) brave deeds, keeping our country and people safe. 8. heroes’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：我们被英雄们保护国家和人民安全的英勇事迹深深感动了。此处表示不止一个英雄，用名词hero“英雄”的复数形式，此处表示“英雄们的英勇事迹”，用所有格heroes’“英雄们的”，作定语，修饰名词deeds。故填heroes’。 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The shop is at an (arm) length. You needn’t take a taxi. 9. arm’s 【解析】考查固定搭配和名词所有格。句意：这家商店近在咫尺，你不用打车。根据“at an ____ length”及“needn’t take a taxi”可知，此处是固定搭配at an arm’s length，意为“近在咫尺；伸手可及”，此空应是名词所有格arm’s。故填arm’s。 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Miss Smith is a friend of (Mary) mother. 0. Mary’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：史密斯小姐是玛丽母亲的朋友。分析句意可知，此处应用双重所有格以示强调。故答案为Mary’s。 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）After a two (weeks) journey, the explorers finally reached their destination. 10. weeks’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：两个星期的旅程之后，探险者们最终到达了他们的目的地。以-s结尾的复数名词，其所有格形式只在词尾加’（撇号）。two weeks是一个以-s结尾的复数名词，因此其所有格是two weeks’，意为“为期两周的”。故填weeks’。 考点四 名词的后缀 知识点1 it动词转化为名词的场合 1. v+ ment 结尾 achieve→achievement 成就 advertise→advertisement 广告 agree→agreement 同意 amuse→amusement 娱乐 commit→commitment 承诺，奉献 develop→development 发展 disagree→disagreement 不赞同 equip 装备→ equipment 装备 govern 统治→government 政府 manage→management 经营，管理 易错提醒：argue→argument 争吵 2. v+ ion 结尾 attract→attraction 吸引 discuss→discussion 讨论 express→expression 词语；表达 instruct→instruction 用法说明 invent→invention 发明 predict→prediction 预言 impress→impression 印象 suggest→suggestion 建议，暗示 educate→education 教育 graduate→graduation 毕业 operate→operation 操作，动手术 illustrate→illustration 阐明，举例说明 pollute→pollution 污染 introduce→introduction 介绍 admit→admission入场 imagine→imagination 想象力 inspir→inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的事 invite→invitation 邀请 compete→competition 竞争，比赛 admit→ admission 承认 permit→permission 允许 conclude→conclusion 结论 decide→decision 决定 solve→solution 解决方法 易错提醒： pronounce→pronunciation发音 describe→description描写，描绘 3. v+ance 结尾 allow→allowance 允许 appear→appearance 外貌 ，出现 accept→acceptance接受 resis→resistance阻力 disturb→disturbance 打扰 guide→guidance 指导 4. v+ ence 结尾 exist→existence 存在 depend→dependence依赖 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference 参考 易错提醒： occur→occurrence事变，遭遇（多指意外、不好、反常的事） 5. v+-er/-or结尾 visit→visitor访问者 produce→producer生产者；制造者 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 edit→editor编辑 educate→educator教育者 instruct→instructor 讲师 survive→survivor 幸存者 6. v+ure结尾 fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合物 易错提醒： expose→exposure 暴露 close→closure关闭；封口 7. v+al结尾 arrive→arrival到达；抵达 survive→survival幸存；生存 approve→approval批准；同意 refuse→refusal拒绝；回绝 propose→proposal提议；求婚 withdraw→withdrawal撤回；提款 8. v+th结尾 grow→growth生长；发展 die→death死亡 9. v+ing结尾 begin→beginning开始；开端 end→ending结束；结局 mean→meaning 意义 say→saying 谚语 remind→reminding提醒 warn→warning警告 10. v+其他结尾 beg→beggar 乞丐 believe→belief 信仰 relieve→relief欣慰 behave→behavior 行为 know→knowledge知识 fly→flight 飞行 succeed→success 成功 pursue→pursuit 追求，从事 anyalyze→analysis 分析 recovery→recovery发现 marry→marriage结婚 store→storage 存储 知识点2形容词转化为名词的场合 1. adj+cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 frequent→frequency频率 2. adj+dom bore→boredom无聊 free→freedom自由 易错提醒： wise→wisdom明智；智慧 3. adj+ce abundant→abundance丰富；充裕 distant→distance距离；远方 important→importance重要性 reluctant→reluctance不情愿；勉强 tolerant→tolerance宽容；容忍 significant→signiciance重要性 4. adj+th deep→depth深度 long→length长度 wide→width宽度 strong→strength力量 warm→warmth温暖 young→youth青春；青年 true→truth真理 5. adj+ness kind→kindness善良 happy→happiness快乐 friendly→friendliness友善 dark→darkness黑暗 weak→weakness虚弱 bitter→bitterness苦味；痛苦 aware→awareness意识 lonely→loneliness孤独 6. adj+ty后缀 cruel→cruelty残忍 loyal→loyalty忠诚 secure→security安全 varied→variety种类 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高一下·甘肃天水·期末）His dream of becoming a doctor has finally turned into ________ (real). 1. reality 【解析】句意：他成为医生的梦想终于变成了现实。作into宾语，用名词形式reality。turn into reality是固定搭配，意为“变成现实”。 2．（2026·黑龙江佳木斯·一模）The worse-financial circumstances of the country received extensive ________ (cover) in the newspapers. 2. coverage 【解析】句意：该国更严峻的财政状况在报纸上得到了广泛报道。空处作received的宾语，应用名词形式，cover的名词形式为coverage，意为“报道，覆盖范围”，为不可数名词。 3．（18-19高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）He is among those lucky students who have won ________ (admit) to the first rate university. 3. admission 【解析】句意：他是那些被一流大学录取的幸运学生之一。作动词的宾语，用名词admission。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Playful slogans such as “The match comes first, friendship fourteenth,” and “No match-fixing, just long-standing rivalries.” spark people’s ________ (enthusiastic). 4. enthusiasm 【解析】句意：“比赛第一，友谊第十四”以及“无需打假赛，只求宿敌对决”等趣味口号激发了人们的热情。空前people’s为名词所有格，后需接名词作宾语，enthusiastic对应的名词形式为enthusiasm，意为“热情、热忱”，为不可数名词。 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the tube. This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 5. introduction 【解析】句意：后来，工程师们设法在深层隧道系统中铺设铁路，这套系统后来被称作地铁。电力发动机与电梯的引入，才让这一发展成为可能。定冠词the后需接名词，introduce的名词形式为introduction，表示“引入，采用”，作介词with的宾语。 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 6. curiosity 【解析】句意：心中满是好奇，这位艺术家收拾行囊离开了。当他询问河岸上的村民在哪里能找到那位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指向河流下游。此处应用名词充当介词with的宾语，提示词的名词形式curiosity“好奇心”符合，不可数。 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to was Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 7. representative 【解析】句意：我坚持这样做。每当我听闻有商家使用塑料制品，我就会发送邮件。我写信联系过的规模最大的公司之一是阿拉斯加航空巴黎分公司。一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，表示“代表”用representative，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数。 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is also common for them to be held during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ________ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. 8. frequency 【解析】句意：这类活动也常会在春节、中秋节等中国传统节日以及其他地方特色节日期间举办。大集举办的确切日期和举办频次因地而异。空处与dates由and连接，作句子的主语，需用名词形式frequency，意为“发生的频率，发生率”，为不可数名词。 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It displays an irresistible charm that naturally attracts the attention of ________ (passer-by). 9. passers-by 【解析】句意：它展现出难以抗拒的魅力，自然而然吸引路人目光。此处泛指多个路人，应用复数形式，passer-by的复数形式为passers-by，表示“路人”，在句中作宾语。 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）His brave act won high ________ (recognize) from the whole society. 10. recognition 【解析】句意：他的英勇行为赢得了全社会的高度认可。形容词high后接名词，recognize对应的名词为recognition意为“认可”，在句中作宾语。 11．（17-18高三上·河南南阳·阶段检测）Her matchless beauty is beyond ________ (describe). 11. description 【解析】description 考查名词。句意：她无与伦比的美是无法形容的。固定短语：beyond description（beyond description），故填description. 12．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Developers wanted this transition area to represent nature, so they found an ________ (inspire) in the forest. 12. inspiration 【解析】句意：开发者们希望这个过渡区域能够体现自然之美，于是他们从森林中获取了灵感。此处作宾语，应用名词inspiration“灵感”，由空前an可知，应用名词单数形式。 13．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）China’s agriculture powered with continuous technological breakthroughs has witnessed stable and high-quality development in recent years, laying a solid foundation for national food ________ (secure) and sustainable rural revitalization. 13. security 【解析】句意：近年来，凭借持续的技术创新，中国的农业实现了稳定且高质量的发展，为国家粮食安全和农村的可持续振兴奠定了坚实基础。此处作介词宾语，应用名词security，food security意为“粮食安全”。 14．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Together with other evidence, the new discovery is reshaping the traditional narrative of human activity development and environmental ________ (adapt) in East Asia. 14. adaptation 【解析】句意：这一新发现结合其他证据，正在重塑东亚地区人类活动发展与环境适应的传统说法。空处和development并列作介词of的宾语，名词adaptation“适应”符合题意，为不可数名词。 15．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The “burnt toast theory” means bad things happen for a reason — they make way for something better to come. I wasn’t a ________ (believe) in this theory until 2013, when I was fired and had a tough job search. 15. believer 【解析】句意：“烤焦的面包理论”指的是，糟糕的事情之所以发生，是有其原因的——它们是为了为更好的事物的到来腾出空间。直到2013年，当我被解雇并经历艰难的求职过程时，我才开始相信这个理论。作表语，表示“相信者”用名词believer，不定冠词a提示用名词单数形式。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（名词） 考点01 考查动词转化为名词 1.（2026年全国二卷）Angela, a tai chi __________ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. 1. instructor 【解析】考查名词。句意：拥有二十八年经验的太极老师安吉拉说，一节圆满的太极课是无杂念的一课。本空为指代人Angela的同位语，用名词instructor“教练，老师”。 2.（2026北京卷）When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He had forgotten to take it. I remember the 12 (embarrass) on his face. 2.考查名词。句意：我记得他脸上的窘迫。作remember宾语，the后需要名词，embarrass是动词，此空填其名词形式embarrassment，意为“尴尬、窘迫”。 3. （2026浙江1月卷）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 60 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 3.考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。 4.（2025全国一卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 4. guidance 【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 5.（2025浙江 1月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 5. solution 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：塔尼娅经营的店铺面向女性提供时装租赁服务，而非直接售卖成衣，为人们出席一次性活动的穿搭需求提供了一种性价比更高的解决方案。由空白处前a可知，空白处应填名词形式。 6.（2025八省联考卷）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 6. innovation 【解析】考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。 7. (2024新课标II卷） The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 7. engineering 【解析】考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 8.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 8. completion 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 9. criticism 【解析】考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 10. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 10. arrival 【解析】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 11.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 11. warning 【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 12.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 12. protection 【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 13.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 13. invitation 【解析】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 14.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 14. representative 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 15.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 15. development 【解析】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 16.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 16. marriage 【解析】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 考点02 考查形容词转化为名词 17.（2026年全国一卷）The exact dates and __________ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. 17. frequency 【解析】考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 18.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 18. absence 【解析】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 19.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 19. richness 【解析】考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 20. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 20. visibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 21.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 21. responsibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 考点03 考查名词单数变复数 22.（2026年浙江1月卷）One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green __________ (number) together. 22. numbers 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number“数字”是可数名词，此处指多个数字，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填numbers。 23.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 23. afternoons 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 24.（2025浙江 1月卷）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. times。 24. times 【解析】考查名词。句意：如今人们越来越多衣服只穿寥寥数次，服装租赁服务也就愈发受欢迎。根据空白处前fewer可知，空白处应填可数名词复数形式。 25.（2025八省联考卷）The goal was two-fold: to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 57 (tongue). 25. tongues 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。tongue“语言”为可数名词，由six修饰，应用复数形式。故填tongues。 26.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 26. themes 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 27.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 27. favorites。 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 28.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 28. treasures 【解析】考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 29.（2023新课标II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. 29. interviews 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 30.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 30. wonders 【解析】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 31.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, 31. populations 【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。 32.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event). 32. events 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 33.（2021新课标I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are. 33. humans 【解析】考查名词。句意为：一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans. 34.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 34. watchtowers 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 35.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 35. Activities 【解析】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。 36.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 36. ideas 【解析】考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。 考点04 考查名词所有格用法 37.（2025浙江 1月卷）“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 37. people’s 【解析】考查名词。句意：我真的希望能让这个（服装租赁模式）顺应如今人们的生活（方式）。根据句意可知，lives与people之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。 38.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 38. son’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。 39.（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 39. person’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 名校模拟分类精炼（名词） 1．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习）Spacesuits should allow excellent (free) of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs all by themselves. 1. freedom 【解析】句意：宇航服应为穿戴者提供出色的活动自由度，因为他们可能需要经常在飞船外进行太空行走，独自进行精密的设备维修。根据excellent为形容词，修饰名词，以及括号中所给词free可知，此处应填其名词形式freedom，表示“自由”，是不可数名词。 2．（25-26高三下·河北衡水·阶段检测）There is an (balance) between your study and sleep. To improve efficiency, it is essential to strike a proper balance between work and rest. 2. imbalance 【解析】考查名词。句意：你的学习和睡眠之间存在一种失衡状态。为了提高效率，劳逸结合、保持适当的平衡至关重要。结合后文强调要保持平衡的语境，此处应用反义词imbalance，表示 “失衡，不平衡”，作主语，为不可数名词，故填imbalance。 3．（25-26高三下·河北石家庄·开学考试）The new hybrid car has significantly lower fuel (consume) than traditional models. 3. consumption 【解析】考查名词。句意：这款新型混合动力汽车的油耗明显低于传统车型。分析句子结构可知，形容词lower后接名词，consume的名词形式为consumption，意为“消耗，消耗量”，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故填consumption。 4．（25-26高二上·广东深圳·期末）Before the expedition, the team checked all the (equip) they would need for survival in the harsh environment. 4. equipment 【解析】考查名词。句意：在探险之前，团队检查了他们在恶劣环境中生存所需的所有装备。分析句子结构可知，冠词the后应填名词，equip的名词形式为equipment，表“装备”，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故填equipment。 5．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）A special television show even had actors playing Tang and Shakespeare, showing how their stories about love share much (similar). 5. similarity 【解析】考查名词。句意：还有一档特别的电视节目甚至让演员分别扮演汤显祖和莎士比亚，以此来展示他们关于爱情的故事在很多方面都有着惊人的相似之处。此处作share的宾语，应用名词形式，similar的名词为similarity，意为“相似之处”，为不可数名词，前面有much修饰。故填similarity。 6．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）With AI’s (assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real-combat-oriented training. 6. assistance 【解析】考查名词。句意：在人工智能的协助下，飞行员在实战化训练中取得了显著进步。空处作介词With的宾语，需用名词形式，assist的名词是assistance，表示“帮助”，为不可数名词。故填assistance。 7．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Dongyang woodcarving, represented by the contemporary artist Lu Guangzheng, gains worldwide (recognize). 7. recognition 【解析】考查名词。句意：以当代艺术家陆光正为代表的东阳木雕，获得了全球认可。空处作gains的宾语，被worldwide修饰，名词recognition符合题意，意为“认可”，是不可数名词。故填recognition。 8．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）Studies have shown that cat-owning seniors often exhibit lower levels of ________ (lonely), anxiety, and depression. 8. loneliness 【解析】考查名词。句意：研究表明，养猫的老年人往往表现出较低程度的孤独、焦虑和抑郁情绪。介词of后需要接名词作宾语，lonely的名词形式是loneliness，意为“孤独”，为不可数名词。故填lonelinesss。 9．（25-26高三上·河北衡水·阶段检测）With great (determine) she determined to leave immediately for a better future. 9. determination 【解析】考查名词的用法。句意：带着极大的决心，她下定决心立即动身去追求更好的未来。句中great为形容词，后需接名词，动词determine的名词形式为determination，意为“决心”，是不可数名词，作介词宾语。故填determination。 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）In fact, even within any one of these languages, it is impossible to guarantee __________ (consistent). 10. consistency 【解析】考查名词。句意：事实上，即使在其中的任何一种语言中，也不可能保证一致性。提示词作宾语，用名词形式consistency，意为“一致性”，不可数名词。故填consistency。 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 11. crowds 【解析】句意：1863 年，世界第一条地下客运铁路在伦敦通车。它的运行里程不足七公里，人们上下班往返时，可以避开地面道路上拥挤不堪的人群。空处作动词avoid的宾语，名词crowd“人群”符合句意， 为可数名词，且由terrible可知，这里强调人多。因此crowd用复数形式。 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___________ (interview) in English with international journalists. 12. interviews 【解析】句意：他们接待潮水般的各国游客，也接待前来探访的中国饲养员——这些饲养员时常前来照看大熊猫，这些大熊猫是从中国租借而来的。他们还需要随时准备接受各国记者的英文采访。空处作宾语，interview“采访”为可数名词，其前没有限定词，此处用复数形式泛指多次采访。 13．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The company has made remarkable (achieve) in technological innovation. 13. achievements 【解析】句意：该公司在技术创新方面取得了显著成就。空处需用名词作宾语；表示“成就”用名词achievement，该词为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用名词复数形式achievements。 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Three (woman) engineers were praised for their outstanding contributions. 14. women 【解析】句意：三位女性工程师因其卓越贡献而受到赞扬。根据上文Three可知用复数形式women。 15．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Instead, the robot has a flexible, humanlike spine and artificial (joint) that allow it to move like a human model. 15. joints 【解析】句意：相反，这款机器人拥有灵活的人形脊柱以及人造关节，使其能够像人类模型一样进行移动。此处数量大于一用名词复数形式作宾语。 16．（2026高三上·北京·专题练习）researchers played classical music for fetuses (胎儿) using headphones on the mothers’ (stomach). 16. stomachs 【解析】句意：研究人员通过放置在孕妇腹部的耳机为胎儿播放古典音乐。此处mothers是复数，stomach应用复数形式stomachs，符合语境。 17．（2026高三上·北京·专题练习）Medical studies suggest that many people, especially (child), should be cautious or even avoid drinking coffee. 17. children 【解析】句意：医学研究表明，许多人，尤其是儿童，应该谨慎对待咖啡，甚至避免饮用咖啡。根据空前形容词“especially(尤其)”可知，空处需用名词表示列举；child“儿童”，可数名词，结合语境可知，此处表示泛指，所以空处名词需用复数children。 18．（26-27高三·江苏·初升高衔接）The (girl) bags are under the tree. 18. girls’ 【解析】句意：女孩们的书包在树下。后面名词bags是复数书包，说明不止一个女孩，girl先变复数girls；表示“女孩们的书包”，用所有格作定语修饰名词bags，以s结尾的复数名词，所有格直接在词尾加 ’，即此空填girls’。 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We are amazed at the beauty of our (country) rivers and mountains. 19. country’s 【解析】句意：我们对祖国山河的美丽感到惊叹。表示“国家的”，用名词所有格country’s，作定语。 20．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）They even forget sometimes that slippers are not available at _____________ (everyone) door for visitors when we are on brief stays back in Canada these years. 20. everyone’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：这些年我们短暂回加拿大小住时，他们甚至偶尔会忘记：并不是每户人家门口都会为访客备好拖鞋。此处表示“每个人的”，应用名词所有格形式修饰名词door，everyone的所有格为everyone’s。故填everyone’s。 21．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）More than 35,000 square meters will also be provided for relic __________ (restore) work, according to the museum. 21. restoration 【解析】考查名词。句意：据博物馆介绍，还将提供超过35000平方米的面积用于文物修复工作。空格处应填名词作定语，修饰名词work，restore的名词形式为restoration，意为“修复”，此处为不可数名词。故填restoration。 22．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）Weight loss success (story) highlight balanced diets over extreme measures. 22. stories 【解析】句意：各类减肥成功案例都推崇均衡饮食而非极端方式。此处作主语，谓语动词highlight为动词原形，说明主语是复数名词，story的复数形式是stories。 23．（25-26高一上·广东广州·阶段检测）I am reminded that their (exist) is meaningful and they are appreciated. 23. existence 【解析】考查名词。句意：我被提醒它们的存在是有意义的，并且它们是被珍视的。本空为that引导的宾语从句的主语，用名词形式existence“存在”。故填existence。 24．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study where intellectuals could gain cultural (accumulate) and meditate. 24. accumulation 【解析】句意：“文房”一词指的是供知识分子进行文化积累和沉思的阅览室或书房。作动词的宾语，用名词accumulation。 25．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system. 25. priority 【解析】考查名词。句意：现在他必须把修复这个严重破损的系统作为首要任务。不定冠词a后应接可数名词单数形式，prior是形容词，其名词形式为priority，作宾补，意为“优先事项；首要任务”，符合语境。故填priority。 重点语法填空原创（名词） 西班牙1-0战神阿根廷世界杯夺冠 Spain 1 (claim) its second FIFA World Cup title with a thrilling 1-0 win in extra time 2 defending champion Argentina on July 19, 2026, at Met Life Stadium in New Jersey. Building on its triumph at the 2024 European Championship, this 3 (history) victory earned Spain multiple landmark records, extending its unbeaten streak to 38 games and breaking Italy's former European mark of 37 matches. The side produced 4 outstanding defensive display: it conceded only one goal in eight tournament matches, setting the 5 (low) total of goals conceded for any World Cup-winning team in history. After beating top contenders Portugal, Belgium and France in the knockout rounds, Spain climbed to the top of the FIFA world rankings. Spain enjoyed the 6 (major) of possession and generated far more scoring chances over the full 90 minutes of regular play, yet failed to score. The inability 7 (find) a goal was largely attributed to 12 spectacular saves from Argentine goalkeeper Emiliano Martinez. The game's defining turning point emerged during second-half stoppage time, 8 Enzo Ferndndez received a second yellow card and was sent off. In the 106th minute, substitute Ferran Torres headed home the winning goal from a cross 9 (pass) by teammate Nico Williams. 39-year-old global football star Lionel Messi finished his World Cup campaign with eight goals and four assists, 10 (finish) second in the Golden Boot race. 【答案】1. claimed 2. against 3. historic 4. an 5. lowest 6. majority 7. to find 8. when 9. passed 10. finishing 【导读】这是一则体育新闻，2026年7月19日，新泽西大都会人寿体育场，西班牙队经过加时苦战，以一场扣人心弦的1比0击败卫冕冠军阿根廷，队史第二次斩获国际是联世界杯冠军。 【解析】 1.考查动词时态。句意：2026年7月19日，新泽西大都会人寿体育场，西班牙队经过加时苦战，以一场扣人心弦的1比0击败卫冕冠军阿根廷，队史第二次斩获国际是联世界杯冠军。结合时间状语on July 19, 2026知道应用一般过去时。故填claimed。 2.考查介词。句意：同上。结合语境这里应用against表示“与……对抗”。故填 against。 3.考查形容词。句意：凭情2024年欧洲杯夺冠的强劲势头，这场历史性柱利为西班牙斩获多项里程啤式纪录。结合语境这里应用形容词historic表示“有历史意义的”。故填 historic。 4.考查冠词。句意：队伍交出了极为亮眼的防守表现:整届8场比赛仅失一球，创下世界杯历史上新有冠军队伍单届失球总数的最低纪录。结合语境outstanding以元音开头，前边应用不定冠词an。故填 an。 5.考查形容词最高级。句意：同上。结合语境这里应用形容词最高级表示“最低的”。故填lowest。 6.考查名词。句意：西班牙全场占据大部分控球权，在90分钟常规比赛时间内创造出远多于对手的得分机会，却始终没能破门得分。结合语境这里应用名词与冠词呼应。majority大多数。故填 majority。 7.考查非谓语。句意：久攻不下的关键原因，是阿根延门将埃米利亚诺·马丁内斯完成了12次精彩扑救。结合语境The inability后接动词不定式作定语，表示“未能做某事”。故填to find。 8.考查定语从句。句意：比赛关健转折点出现在下半场伤停补时阶段，恩佐·费尔南蒂斯吃到第二张黄牌被罚下场。结合语境这里应用定语从句，先行词是second-half stoppage time。故填when。 9.考查非谓语。句意：第105分钟，替补登场的费兰·托雷斯换队友尼科·威康妇斯的传中，头球打进制胜一球。结合语境这里应用过去分词短语作定语，表示被动关系。故填 passed。 10.考查非谓语。句意：39岁足坛巨星利昂内尔·梅西结束了本届世界杯征程，总计打入8球、送出4次助攻，在金靴奖角逐中位列第二名。结合语境这里应用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一个主动的动作。故填finishing。 31 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题25 名词（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 名词的分类及句法功能 知识点1 名词的分类 知识点2 名词的句法功能 考点二 名词的数 知识点1 规则变化 知识点2 不规则变化 知识点3 不可数名词 考点三 名词的格 知识点1 -'s所有格 知识点2 of所有格 知识点3 双重所有格 考点四 名词后缀 知识点1 动词转化为名词 知识点2 形容词转化为名词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（名词） 名校模拟（名词） 原创语填（西班牙世界杯夺冠） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 名词的分类及句法功能 知识点1 名词的分类 1． 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词称为名词。名词可以分为 和 。普通名词是一类人或东西，或是一个抽象概念的名词。专有名词是某个/些人、地方、机构等专有的名称。 知识点2名词的句法功能 1．单数可数名词 单独使用，要与 、 、 等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。 2．不可数名词 复数形式， 与不定冠词连用。 3. 物质名词前有定语修饰时，前面要使用冠词。 名词在句中可以作 、 、 、 、 、 、 、称呼语等。 考点二 名词的数 知识点1 知识点1 规则变化 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 1. 改-f或-fe为 , 再加- ： 口诀：小偷（ ）妻子（ ）切面包，半片树叶（ ）当作刀（ ），狼（ ）保己命架（ ）后藏 2. 以f结尾的名词，直接加-s 口诀：海湾（ ）边、屋顶（ ）上，首领（ ）厨师（ ）两相望，谁说他们无信仰（ ），证据（ ）写在手帕（ ）上。 3. 这些以o结尾的名词复数加 ，其他加-s： 口诀：黑人（ ）英雄（ ）爱吃土豆（ ）西红柿（ ） 知识点2 不规则变化 1. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 单复数同形 deer鹿, fish鱼, sheep绵阳, means方法, series系列, aircraft飞机, species物种,works工厂，作品 Chinese中国人, Japanese日本人, Swiss瑞士人 变局部元音 goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women；mouse-mice 词尾-on变-a phenomenon-phenomena现象，criterion-criteria标准 词尾加-(r)en child-children孩子, ox-oxen公牛 词尾-um变成-a datum-data数据, medium-media媒体 -sis变为-ses crisis-crises危机, diagnosis-diagnoses诊断, analysis-analyses分析 2. 只有复数形式的名词，有两个相同部分组成的物品 trousers 裤子 jeans 牛仔裤 stockings 长筒袜 pants 长裤 glasses 眼镜 slippers 拖鞋 shorts 短裤 scissors 剪刀 boots 靴子 3. 以ings结尾的复数名词 belongings所属物 greetings问候语 sufferings受难 savings节省下来的东西 earnings挣来的钱 winnings 奖金 findings研究发现 surroundings周围的环境 4. 合成名词的复数形式 有主体名词，在该名词后加-s passer-by→ 过路人, looker-on→ 旁观者 无主体名词，则在词尾加-s grown-up→ 成人, go-between→ 中间人 5. man/woman复数形式将a变为e，但下列名词直接在词尾加-s： man→ 男人 woman→ 女人 German→ 德国人 Roman→ 罗马人 human→ 人类 1.名词作定语，一般用 :如，two girl students两名女生; 2.用 作定语的名词有: goods trains货车; sports meet 运动会; customs officer海关人员 3. man/woman作定语，和被修饰名词 ：two women doctors 。 4.表示"某国人”记忆口诀: ， 。 Chinese→ 中国人, Japanese→ 日本人； Englishman→ 英国人，Frenchman→ 法国人, American→ 美国人, Arabian→ 阿拉伯人。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________ (wife) return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them. 2. On __________(teacher) Day, two _________(editor-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five _________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose) and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth). 3.city _____ zoo _____ country_____ tooth _____ mouse _____ boy _____ broom _____ car _____ tree _____ horse _____ bus _____ fox _____ branch _____ baby _____ family _____ dish _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ man _____ woman _____ child _____ foot _____ this _____ watch _____ diary _____ day _____ book _____ dress _____ sheep _____ tea _____ box _____ strawberry _____ peach _____ sandwich _____ paper _____ juice _____ water _____ milk _____ rice _____ people _____ CD _____ ox _____ deer _____ fish _____ Roman _____ 知识点3 不可数名词 1.抽象类名词（表示状态、情感、品质等） advice建议 a piece of advice一条建议 information信息 plenty of information一些信息 knowledge知识 gain knowledge获取知识 happiness幸福 the happiness of children孩子们的幸福 courage勇气 show courage in danger在危险中展现勇气 success成功 achieve great success取得巨大成功 failure失败 experience failure经历失败 progress进步 make progress in study在学习上进步 weather天气 pleasant weather愉快天气 2.物质类名词表示无法分割的物质或材料 water水 a glass of water一杯水 milk牛奶 a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶 meat肉 some meat一些肉 butter黄油 a spoon of butter一勺黄油 wood木头 a piece of wood一块木头 3.自然现象名词 weather天气 good weather好天气 snow雪 heavy snow大雪 rain雨 light rain小雨 wind风 strong wind大风 fog雾 thick fog浓雾 4.总称类名词 clothing服装 a piece of clothing一件衣服 furniture家具 a set of furniture一套家具 equipment设备 advanced equipment先进设备 luggage/baggage行李 heavy luggage沉重的行李 jewellery珠宝 expensive jewelry昂贵的珠宝 1. 不可数名词 复数形式。 2. 不可数名词前面不能有 a或an。 3. fish指鱼的种类时，加 ；指鱼的条数时， ；指鱼肉时，为 。 4. work工作， --works作品， ; paper 纸张， --papers试卷/文件， 知识点4抽象名词具体化用法 1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有： 单词 抽象意义 具体化意义 单词 抽象意义 具体化意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 It’s an honor to be invited to speak here. 被邀请在此发言是我的荣幸。 Climbing Mount Everest was a terrifying but exciting experience. 攀登珠峰是一次既惊险又刺激的经历。 2.物质名词具体化 物质名词通常为 ，但在特定语境中表示“具体的一份、一件或一种”，此时变为 ，可被冠词 修饰，有单复数形式。 She ordered a tea and a cake. 她点了一杯茶和一块蛋糕。 The waiter brought three juices to the table. 服务员给桌上送来了三杯果汁。 部分物质名词也有复数形式但是意义不同： arm胳膊—arms ；wood木头—woods ；water 水--waters ； rain 雨--rains ；grass草--grasses ；cloth布--clothes ； time时间--times ；line线路--lines ；paper纸--papers ； iron铁--irons ；wind--winds ；fruit水果--fruits 【跟踪训练1】单句改错。均有一处错误请划线并纠正过来。 1. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 2.(2016全国II卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 3. (2016四川卷)Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. 4.(2015全国I卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 5. (2011全国I卷）It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 【即时训练2】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）His situation was great shock to us all. 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It is really great pleasure to work together with so many excellent partners. 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Helping others in need is meaningful experience that warms both givers and receivers. 4．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The campaign used unique strategy, featuring large screens, exhibitions, and online videos. 5．（25-26高三·全国·一轮复习）By participating in local festivals, tourists gain insights into traditional practices, allowing for deeper understanding of the attractive city. 考点三 名词的格 知识点1 名词所有格的用法 1.名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加 。 my sister's telephone 姐姐的电话 Jones’ room琼斯的房间 Nurses’ Day护士节 Teachers’Day 教师节 Woemn’s Day 儿童节 Women’s day 妇女节 2.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加 ；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加 。 Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms are both on the second floor. （汤姆和露西各有一个房间） 汤姆的房间和露西的房间都在二楼。 This is my father and mother’s bedroom. （爸爸和妈妈共用一个卧室） 这是我爸爸和妈妈的卧室。 3.表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般 。 She stays at her grandparents’ during holidays. 放假期间她住在爷爷奶奶家。 Go to the chemist’s if you feel uncomfortable. 身体不舒服就去药店买药。 知识点2 名词of所有格的用法 无生命的名词常用of所有格表示 ；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用 。 The pages of the book are yellow. （book 是无生命名词） 这本书的书页发黄了。 The opinion of the girl with glasses is worth considering. （the girl with glasses是带定语的有生命名词短语） 那个戴眼镜的女孩的观点值得考虑。 知识点3名词双重所有格的用法 双重所有格指＂名词＋of＋ ＂或＂名词＋of＋ ＂。 This is a friend of my father's. 这是我父亲的一位朋友。 That idea of yours is very creative. 你的那个想法很有创意。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高三·江苏·初升高衔接）Look at the two bikes. They are (Lucy and Lily). 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I will pick up my clothes at the (tailor) after school. 3．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）It’s only (five minutes) drive from my home to school. 4．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）The company is an official sponsor the World Cup, so its logo appears on the field. 5．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Li Ziqi, one of the most popular influencers in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (world) attention from home and abroad. 6．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）The (children) toys were scattered all over the floor, making the room look messy. 7．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）We were deeply moved by the (hero) brave deeds, keeping our country and people safe. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The shop is at an (arm) length. You needn’t take a taxi. 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Miss Smith is a friend of (Mary) mother. 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）After a two (weeks) journey, the explorers finally reached their destination. 考点四 名词的后缀 知识点1 it动词转化为名词的场合 1. v+ ment 结尾 achieve→achievement 成就 advertise→advertisement 广告 agree→agreement 同意 amuse→amusement 娱乐 commit→commitment 承诺，奉献 develop→development 发展 disagree→disagreement 不赞同 equip 装备→ equipment 装备 govern 统治→government 政府 manage→management 经营，管理 易错提醒：argue→argument 争吵 2. v+ ion 结尾 attract→attraction 吸引 discuss→discussion 讨论 express→expression 词语；表达 instruct→instruction 用法说明 invent→invention 发明 predict→prediction 预言 impress→impression 印象 suggest→suggestion 建议，暗示 educate→education 教育 graduate→graduation 毕业 operate→operation 操作，动手术 illustrate→illustration 阐明，举例说明 pollute→pollution 污染 introduce→introduction 介绍 admit→admission入场 imagine→imagination 想象力 inspir→inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的事 invite→invitation 邀请 compete→competition 竞争，比赛 admit→ admission 承认 permit→permission 允许 conclude→conclusion 结论 decide→decision 决定 solve→solution 解决方法 易错提醒： pronounce→pronunciation发音 describe→description描写，描绘 3. v+ance 结尾 allow→allowance 允许 appear→appearance 外貌 ，出现 accept→acceptance接受 resis→resistance阻力 disturb→disturbance 打扰 guide→guidance 指导 4. v+ ence 结尾 exist→existence 存在 depend→dependence依赖 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference 参考 易错提醒： occur→occurrence事变，遭遇（多指意外、不好、反常的事） 5. v+-er/-or结尾 visit→visitor访问者 produce→producer生产者；制造者 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 edit→editor编辑 educate→educator教育者 instruct→instructor 讲师 survive→survivor 幸存者 6. v+ure结尾 fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合物 易错提醒： expose→exposure 暴露 close→closure关闭；封口 7. v+al结尾 arrive→arrival到达；抵达 survive→survival幸存；生存 approve→approval批准；同意 refuse→refusal拒绝；回绝 propose→proposal提议；求婚 withdraw→withdrawal撤回；提款 8. v+th结尾 grow→growth生长；发展 die→death死亡 9. v+ing结尾 begin→beginning开始；开端 end→ending结束；结局 mean→meaning 意义 say→saying 谚语 remind→reminding提醒 warn→warning警告 10. v+其他结尾 beg→beggar 乞丐 believe→belief 信仰 relieve→relief欣慰 behave→behavior 行为 know→knowledge知识 fly→flight 飞行 succeed→success 成功 pursue→pursuit 追求，从事 anyalyze→analysis 分析 recovery→recovery发现 marry→marriage结婚 store→storage 存储 知识点2形容词转化为名词的场合 1. adj+cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 frequent→frequency频率 2. adj+dom bore→boredom无聊 free→freedom自由 易错提醒： wise→wisdom明智；智慧 3. adj+ce abundant→abundance丰富；充裕 distant→distance距离；远方 important→importance重要性 reluctant→reluctance不情愿；勉强 tolerant→tolerance宽容；容忍 significant→signiciance重要性 4. adj+th deep→depth深度 long→length长度 wide→width宽度 strong→strength力量 warm→warmth温暖 young→youth青春；青年 true→truth真理 5. adj+ness kind→kindness善良 happy→happiness快乐 friendly→friendliness友善 dark→darkness黑暗 weak→weakness虚弱 bitter→bitterness苦味；痛苦 aware→awareness意识 lonely→loneliness孤独 6. adj+ty后缀 cruel→cruelty残忍 loyal→loyalty忠诚 secure→security安全 varied→variety种类 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高一下·甘肃天水·期末）His dream of becoming a doctor has finally turned into ________ (real). 2．（2026·黑龙江佳木斯·一模）The worse-financial circumstances of the country received extensive ________ (cover) in the newspapers. 3．（18-19高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测）He is among those lucky students who have won ________ (admit) to the first rate university. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Playful slogans such as “The match comes first, friendship fourteenth,” and “No match-fixing, just long-standing rivalries.” spark people’s ________ (enthusiastic). 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the tube. This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to was Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is also common for them to be held during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and ________ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It displays an irresistible charm that naturally attracts the attention of ________ (passer-by). 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）His brave act won high ________ (recognize) from the whole society. 11．（17-18高三上·河南南阳·阶段检测）Her matchless beauty is beyond ________ (describe). 12．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Developers wanted this transition area to represent nature, so they found an ________ (inspire) in the forest. 13．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）China’s agriculture powered with continuous technological breakthroughs has witnessed stable and high-quality development in recent years, laying a solid foundation for national food ________ (secure) and sustainable rural revitalization. 14．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Together with other evidence, the new discovery is reshaping the traditional narrative of human activity development and environmental ________ (adapt) in East Asia. 15．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The “burnt toast theory” means bad things happen for a reason — they make way for something better to come. I wasn’t a ________ (believe) in this theory until 2013, when I was fired and had a tough job search. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（名词） 考点01 考查动词转化为名词 1.（2026年全国二卷）Angela, a tai chi __________ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. 2.（2026北京卷）When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He had forgotten to take it. I remember the 12 (embarrass) on his face. 3. （2026浙江1月卷）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 60 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 4.（2025全国一卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 5.（2025浙江 1月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 6.（2025八省联考卷）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 7. (2024新课标II卷） The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 8.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 9.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 10. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 11.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 12.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 13.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 14.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 15.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 16.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 考点02 考查形容词转化为名词 17.（2026年全国一卷）The exact dates and __________ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. 18.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 19.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 20. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 21.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 考点03 考查名词单数变复数 22.（2026年浙江1月卷）One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green __________ (number) together. 23.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky 64 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 24.（2025浙江 1月卷）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. times。 25.（2025八省联考卷）The goal was two-fold: to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 57 (tongue). 26.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 27.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 28.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 29.（2023新课标II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists. 30.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 31.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, 32.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event). 33.（2021新课标I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are. 34.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people 35.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 36.（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse _____________ (idea). 考点04 考查名词所有格用法 37.（2025浙江 1月卷）“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 38.（2022新课标II卷）He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. 39.（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 名校模拟分类精炼（名词） 1．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习）Spacesuits should allow excellent (free) of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs all by themselves. 2．（25-26高三下·河北衡水·阶段检测）There is an (balance) between your study and sleep. To improve efficiency, it is essential to strike a proper balance between work and rest. 3．（25-26高三下·河北石家庄·开学考试）The new hybrid car has significantly lower fuel (consume) than traditional models. 4．（25-26高二上·广东深圳·期末）Before the expedition, the team checked all the (equip) they would need for survival in the harsh environment. 5．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）A special television show even had actors playing Tang and Shakespeare, showing how their stories about love share much (similar). 6．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）With AI’s (assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real-combat-oriented training. 7．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Dongyang woodcarving, represented by the contemporary artist Lu Guangzheng, gains worldwide (recognize). 8．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）Studies have shown that cat-owning seniors often exhibit lower levels of ________ (lonely), anxiety, and depression. 9．（25-26高三上·河北衡水·阶段检测）With great (determine) she determined to leave immediately for a better future. 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）In fact, even within any one of these languages, it is impossible to guarantee __________ (consistent). 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___________ (interview) in English with international journalists. 13．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The company has made remarkable (achieve) in technological innovation. 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Three (woman) engineers were praised for their outstanding contributions. 15．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Instead, the robot has a flexible, humanlike spine and artificial (joint) that allow it to move like a human model. 16．（2026高三上·北京·专题练习）researchers played classical music for fetuses (胎儿) using headphones on the mothers’ (stomach). 17．（2026高三上·北京·专题练习）Medical studies suggest that many people, especially (child), should be cautious or even avoid drinking coffee. 18．（26-27高三·江苏·初升高衔接）The (girl) bags are under the tree. 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We are amazed at the beauty of our (country) rivers and mountains. 20．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）They even forget sometimes that slippers are not available at _____________ (everyone) door for visitors when we are on brief stays back in Canada these years. 21．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）More than 35,000 square meters will also be provided for relic __________ (restore) work, according to the museum. 22．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）Weight loss success (story) highlight balanced diets over extreme measures. 23．（25-26高一上·广东广州·阶段检测）I am reminded that their (exist) is meaningful and they are appreciated. 24．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study where intellectuals could gain cultural (accumulate) and meditate. 25．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system. 重点语法填空原创（名词） 西班牙1-0战神阿根廷世界杯夺冠 Spain 1 (claim) its second FIFA World Cup title with a thrilling 1-0 win in extra time 2 defending champion Argentina on July 19, 2026, at Met Life Stadium in New Jersey. Building on its triumph at the 2024 European Championship, this 3 (history) victory earned Spain multiple landmark records, extending its unbeaten streak to 38 games and breaking Italy's former European mark of 37 matches. The side produced 4 outstanding defensive display: it conceded only one goal in eight tournament matches, setting the 5 (low) total of goals conceded for any World Cup-winning team in history. After beating top contenders Portugal, Belgium and France in the knockout rounds, Spain climbed to the top of the FIFA world rankings. Spain enjoyed the 6 (major) of possession and generated far more scoring chances over the full 90 minutes of regular play, yet failed to score. The inability 7 (find) a goal was largely attributed to 12 spectacular saves from Argentine goalkeeper Emiliano Martinez. The game's defining turning point emerged during second-half stoppage time, 8 Enzo Ferndndez received a second yellow card and was sent off. In the 106th minute, substitute Ferran Torres headed home the winning goal from a cross 9 (pass) by teammate Nico Williams. 39-year-old global football star Lionel Messi finished his World Cup campaign with eight goals and four assists, 10 (finish) second in the Golden Boot race. 17 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $