做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 18（完形填空）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦完形填空高频词汇，以2019年全国三卷真题为载体，构建“真题语境感知-核心词汇梳理-词形变换拓展”的考点体系，通过真题再现、选词填空等任务驱动设计，引导学生从语篇中自主提取并内化词汇用法，形成从基础词义到语境应用的知识网络。 亮点在于多维度自主诊断工具，如分两组选词填空、单句语法与首字母单词填空、语篇翻译及词汇默写，助力学生精准定位薄弱点，培养语言能力与学习能力。参考答案提供详细解析，教师可依据学生答题情况实施个性化指导，有效提升备考效率。

高考完形填空高频单词 DAY 18 一、真题再现 （2019·全国三卷·高考真题·完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March — nearly six months out of the year. "Of course, we notice it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is blue, but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on a cloudy day." But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below. Wednesday, residents of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the town's central square, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light appeared, Rjukan residents gathered together. "People have been sitting there and standing there and taking pictures of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally full. I think almost all the people in the town were there." The 3,500 residents cannot all enjoy the sunshine at the same time. However, the new light feels like more than enough for the town's sun-starved residents. "It's not very big," she says, "but it is enough when we are sharing." 41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely 42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice 43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide 44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm 45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered 46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras 47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined 48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use 49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows 50. A. day B. night C. month D. year 51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street 52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped 53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting 54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold 55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent 56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store 57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly 58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved 59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy 60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing 二、核心词汇（30个高考高频词） （★ 标注的为选项中出现的高频词，未标注的为原文中出现的高频词） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 nearly ★ /ˈnɪəli/ 将近，几乎 notice ★ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ 注意到 blue ★ /bluː/ 蓝色的 cloudy ★ /ˈklaʊdi/ 多云的，阴天的 changed ★ /tʃeɪndʒd/ 改变 mirrors ★ /ˈmɪrəz/ 镜子 received ★ /rɪˈsiːvd/ 收到，迎来 use ★ /juːs/ 使用，应用 directs ★ /dəˈrekts/ 指挥，引导 day ★ /deɪ/ 白天，一天 square ★ /skweə/ 广场 appeared ★ /əˈpɪəd/ 出现 sitting ★ /ˈsɪtɪŋ/ 坐着 pictures ★ /ˈpɪktʃəz/ 照片，图片 full ★ /fʊl/ 满的，充满的 enjoy ★ /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ 享受 However ★ /haʊˈevə/ 然而 sun-starved ★ /ˈsʌn stɑːvd/ 缺乏阳光的 big ★ /bɪɡ/ 大的 sharing ★ /ˈʃeərɪŋ/ 分享 situated /ˈsɪtʃueɪtɪd/ 位于 sunlight /ˈsʌnlaɪt/ 阳光 valley /ˈvæli/ 山谷 reflective /rɪˈflektɪv/ 反射的 mountainside /ˈmaʊntənsaɪd/ 山坡 concentrated /ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd/ 集中的 beam /biːm/ 光束 resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ 居民 gathered /ˈɡæðəd/ 聚集 approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ 大约 三、词形变换（核心词拓展） 1. notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ v. 注意到 — noticed /ˈnəʊtɪst/ v. 注意到（过去式） — noticeable /ˈnəʊtɪsəbl/ adj. 显而易见的 — noticeably /ˈnəʊtɪsəbli/ adv. 显著地 2. cloud /klaʊd/ n. 云 — cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ adj. 多云的 — cloudless /ˈklaʊdləs/ adj. 无云的 — cloudiness /ˈklaʊdinəs/ n. 多云 3. change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v. 改变 — changed /tʃeɪndʒd/ v. 改变（过去式） — changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ adj. 易变的 — exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ v./n. 交换 4. receive /rɪˈsiːv/ v. 收到 — received /rɪˈsiːvd/ v. 收到（过去式） — receiver /rɪˈsiːvə/ n. 接收者 — receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ n. 收据 5. direct /dəˈrekt/ v. 指挥 — directs /dəˈrekts/ v. 指挥（第三人称单数） — direction /dəˈrekʃn/ n. 方向 — director /dəˈrektə/ n. 导演，主管 6. appear /əˈpɪə/ v. 出现 — appeared /əˈpɪəd/ v. 出现（过去式） — appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外貌，出现 — disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə/ v. 消失 7. sit /sɪt/ v. 坐 — sitting /ˈsɪtɪŋ/ v. 坐（现在分词） — sat /sæt/ v. 坐（过去式） — seat /siːt/ n. 座位 8. picture /ˈpɪktʃə/ n. 照片 — pictures /ˈpɪktʃəz/ n. 照片（复数） — picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ adj. 风景如画的 9. full /fʊl/ adj. 满的 — fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地 — fill /fɪl/ v. 填满 — filled /fɪld/ adj. 装满的 10. enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ v. 享受 — enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/ adj. 令人愉快的 — enjoyment /ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/ n. 享受 — enjoying /ɪnˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/ v. 享受（现在分词） 11. starve /stɑːv/ v. 挨饿 — starved /stɑːvd/ adj. 饥饿的，缺乏的 — sun-starved /ˈsʌn stɑːvd/ adj. 缺乏阳光的 — starvation /stɑːˈveɪʃn/ n. 饥饿 12. share /ʃeə/ v. 分享 — sharing /ˈʃeərɪŋ/ v. 分享（现在分词） — shared /ʃeəd/ adj. 共享的 — shareholder /ˈʃeəhəʊldə/ n. 股东 四、选词填空 第一组（从方框中选择恰当的词填空，每词限用一次） nearly；notice；blue；cloudy；changed；mirrors；received；use；directs；day 1. The scientist _______ that the temperature had risen significantly over the past decade. 2. The sky was _______ and clear, perfect for a picnic in the park. 3. The weather forecast says it will be _______ with a chance of rain this afternoon. 4. The invention of the Internet has _______ the way we communicate completely. 5. The _______ in the bathroom were covered with steam after the hot shower. 6. The students _______ their exam results with great excitement. 7. The old machine is still in _______ after more than thirty years. 8. The traffic police officer _______ the cars to move forward in an orderly manner. 9. It took _______ three hours to complete the journey due to heavy traffic. 10. The _______ of the conference was filled with inspiring speeches. 第二组（从方框中选择恰当的词填空，每词限用一次） square；appeared；sitting；pictures；full；enjoy；However；sun-starved；big；sharing 11. The sun _______ from behind the clouds, brightening the entire landscape. 12. The children were _______ on the grass, listening to the teacher's story. 13. The tourists took many _______ of the beautiful scenery. 14. The theater was completely _______ for the evening performance. 15. The elderly couple _______ walking in the park every morning. 16. The plan was well-designed; _______ , it failed due to lack of funding. 17. The _______ building served as the meeting point for the group. 18. The people in the northern regions are often _______ during the long winters. 19. The _______ of resources among community members strengthened their bonds. 20. The new house is not very ________ , but it is cozy and comfortable. 五、单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用括号内所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The _______ (notice) of the new policy caused widespread discussion. 22. The _______ (cloud) sky made the day feel dull and gloomy. 23. The _______ (reflect) of the trees in the lake created a beautiful scene. 24. The _______ (receive) of the award was a proud moment for the young scientist. 25. The _______ (direct) of the movie won several international awards. 26. The _______ (appear) of the famous singer caused great excitement among the fans. 27. The _______ (sit) arrangement in the classroom allows for better interaction. 28. The _______ (enjoy) of the holiday was enhanced by the good weather. 29. The _______ (starve) children were given food and medical care. 30. The _______ (share) of ideas among the team members led to a breakthrough. B. 首字母填空（根据句意及首字母补全单词） 31. The sun n________ rises in the east and sets in the west. 32. The teacher n________ that some students were not paying attention in class. 33. The weather turned c________ , and it began to rain heavily. 34. The new policy has c________ the way the company operates. 35. The r________ on the wall showed a perfect reflection of the room. 36. The students r________ their report cards with mixed emotions. 37. The traffic officer d________ the cars to the parking area. 38. The full moon a________ in the night sky, casting a silver glow. 39. The children were s________ quietly in the library, reading their books. 40. The concert hall was f________ with enthusiastic music lovers. 六、语篇翻译（英译汉） Passage 1 The small town of Rjukan in Norway does not get direct sunlight for nearly six months each year. The residents notice the difference: the sky may be blue, but the valley remains dark, like a cloudy day. This changed when a system of mirrors was installed. The town's residents received their first winter sunshine, and the mirrors were put to use. A computer directs them to follow the sun throughout the day, reflecting light onto the town square. Passage 2 When the sunlight appeared, the residents gathered in the square. Some were sitting, others standing, taking pictures of each other. The square was full. However, not all 3,500 residents could enjoy the sunlight at the same time. However, the new light was still a blessing for the sun-starved residents. The area of sunlight was not very big, but it was enough when everyone was sharing it. Passage 3 The story of Rjukan teaches us an important lesson about human creativity and cooperation. When nature does not provide what we need, we find ways to create it ourselves. The mirrors in Rjukan did not just bring sunlight — they brought the community together. The residents gathered in the square, not just to feel the warmth, but to share a moment of joy with their neighbors. This simple solution to a long-standing problem changed the lives of the townspeople. It reminds us that sometimes, the smallest efforts — like a beam of light — can make the biggest difference. And when we share what we have, whether it is sunlight, food, or kindness, we create something far more valuable than what we started with. 七、默写（汉译英） 将近，几乎 __________________________ 注意到 __________________________ 蓝色的 __________________________ 多云的，阴天的 __________________________ 改变 __________________________ 镜子 __________________________ 收到，迎来 __________________________ 使用，应用 __________________________ 指挥，引导 __________________________ 白天，一天 __________________________ 广场 __________________________ 出现 __________________________ 坐着 __________________________ 照片，图片 __________________________ 满的，充满的 __________________________ 享受 __________________________ 然而 __________________________ 缺乏阳光的 __________________________ 大的 __________________________ 分享 __________________________ 位于 __________________________ 阳光 __________________________ 山谷 __________________________ 反射的 __________________________ 山坡 __________________________ 集中的 __________________________ 光束 __________________________ 居民 __________________________ 聚集 __________________________ 大约 __________________________ 【参考答案】 板块1 真题再现答案 41—45 CDBAB 46—50 CCDBA 51—55 CADAB 56—60 CBDAD 板块4 选词填空答案 第一组： noticed（科学家注意到过去十年温度显著上升） blue（天空湛蓝清澈，非常适合公园野餐） cloudy（天气预报说今天下午多云，可能有雨） changed（互联网的出现彻底改变了我们的交流方式） mirrors（热水澡后浴室的镜子上布满了蒸汽） received（学生们非常兴奋地收到了考试成绩） use（这台旧机器使用三十多年后仍在运转） directs（交警指挥车辆有序前行） nearly（由于交通拥堵，花了将近三个小时才完成旅程） day（会议当天充满了鼓舞人心的演讲） 第二组： appeared（太阳从云层后出现，照亮了整个风景） sitting（孩子们坐在草地上听老师讲故事） pictures（游客们拍了许多美丽风景的照片） full（剧院晚上的演出完全满座） enjoy（这对老夫妇每天早上都喜欢在公园散步） However（计划设计得很好，但由于缺乏资金而失败了） square（大广场是团体的集合点） sun-starved（北方地区的人们在漫长的冬季常常缺乏阳光） sharing（社区成员之间的资源共享加强了他们的联系） big（新房子不大，但舒适温馨） 板块5 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空： notice（notice of the new policy，新政策的通知） cloudy（cloudy sky，多云的天空） reflection（reflection of the trees，树木的倒影） receipt（receipt of the award，领奖） director（director of the movie，电影导演） appearance（appearance of the famous singer，著名歌手的出现） seating（seating arrangement，座位安排） enjoyment（enjoyment of the holiday，假期的享受） starving（starving children，饥饿的孩子们） sharing（sharing of ideas，想法的分享） B. 首字母填空： nearly（太阳几乎总是从东方升起西方落下） noticed（老师注意到有些学生上课没注意听讲） cloudy（天气转阴，开始下大雨） changed（新政策改变了公司的运营方式） mirror（墙上的镜子完美地反射了房间） received（学生们怀着复杂的心情收到了成绩单） directed（交警引导车辆到停车场） appeared（满月出现在夜空中，洒下银色的光辉） sitting（孩子们静静地坐在图书馆里读书） full（音乐厅里挤满了热情的音乐爱好者） 板块6 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage 1 挪威的尤坎小镇每年有将近六个月没有直接的阳光照射。居民们注意到了这种差异：天空可能是蓝色的，但山谷里依然黑暗，像是阴天。当安装了镜子系统后，情况改变了。小镇的居民迎来了他们的第一缕冬日阳光，镜子被投入使用。计算机指挥它们在白天跟随太阳转动，将光线反射到镇上的广场上。 Passage 2 当阳光出现时，居民们聚集在广场上。有些人坐着，有些人站着，互相拍照片。广场满满的。然而，并非所有3500名居民都能同时享受阳光。不过，新的光线对缺乏阳光的居民来说仍然是一种恩赐。阳光区域不是很大，但当大家分享时，它就足够了。 Passage 3 尤坎的故事教会了我们关于人类创造力和合作的重要一课。当大自然没有提供我们所需的东西时，我们会想办法自己创造。尤坎的镜子不仅带来了阳光——它们把社区凝聚在了一起。居民们聚集在广场上，不仅是为了感受温暖，也是为了与邻居们分享一个快乐的时刻。这个解决长期问题的简单方案改变了镇上居民的生活。它提醒我们，有时最微小的努力——就像一束光——可以带来最大的改变。当我们分享我们所拥有的东西时，无论是阳光、食物还是善意，我们创造了比开始时更宝贵的东西。 板块7 词汇默写答案 nearly / notice / blue / cloudy / changed / mirrors / received / use / directs / day / square / appeared / sitting / pictures / full / enjoy / However / sun-starved / big / sharing / situated / sunlight / valley / reflective / mountainside / concentrated / beam / resident / gathered / approximately $